SOME ASPECTS OF ZONATION AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
MARGARET H. SPALDING
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Functional Test ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
And Function ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

SUMMARY Male adult rats whose adrenals were enucleated and allowed to regenerate showed in one group normal competence to handle administered water loads, and in another a slow diuresis after this functional test. In the latter case the predisposing factor is cortical insufficiency and not the absence of the medulla. Even those animals with regenerated enucleated adrenals, which gave a normal response to water loads, nevertheless still showed some differences from normal in regard to sodium and potassium metabolism. The histology of the adrenals in the different groups is described.

SOME ASPECTS OF ZONATION AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
C. C. ROBY
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Water Output ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARY Male adult mice, 80 days after hypophysectomy, show approximately the same pattern of sodium and potassium intake and sodium, potassium and water output as normal mice. The healthy remnant of adrenal cortex left after the operation is thought to be responsible for the day-to-day competence of the hypophysectomized animal in salt-electrolyte metabolism. The histology of the cortex is described and it is shown that, with the injection of ACTH, a cortex of normal appearance can be regenerated from the persistent zona glomerulosa of the long-term hypophysectomized mouse.

SOME ASPECTS OF ZONATION AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
A. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY Male adult rats, with established drinking patterns, were given the choice of saline or tap water to drink, immediately after adrenal enucleation. Both saline and water were taken, but by the 6th day after operation the rats had returned to drinking predominantly tap water. The adrenals at this stage showed a small compact cortex, no distinguishable zona glomerulosa, and they appeared to be composed for the most part of cells in 'fascicles'. Adrenalectomized animals chose saline, drinking more and more pari passu with time. Other short-term enucleated animals were injected with ACTH, and the tendency for the regenerating cortex to form in 'fascicles' was very pronounced.

Extrarenal action of the adrenal cortex on electrolyte metabolism in nephrectomized and nephrectomized-eviscerated rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Tompkins ◽  
Edward Eckman ◽  
Leonard Share
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

A study was made of the extrarenal action of the adrenal cortex on sodium and potassium metabolism in the rat. There was a reduction in the plasma potassium concentration 24 hours after the administration of desoxycorticosterone, 2 mg/rat, in the adrenalectomized-nephrectomized rat. Treatment with hydrocortisone, 5 mg rat, resulted in the opposite effect. Corticosterone and 2-methyl-9α-fluorohydrocortisone were without effect. In another series of experiments, adrenalectomy resulted in an elevation in the plasma potassium concentration in nephrectomized-eviscerated rats. This change could be detected as early as two hours after operation. The intravenous administration of large doses of desoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone and aldosterone were without effect. It is suggested that there is a movement of potassium into the extracellular fluid in the absence of the secretions of the adrenal gland.

scholarly journals Insulin sensitization with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist prevents adrenocortical lipid infiltration and secretory changes induced by a high-sucrose diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Martinez Calejman ◽  
Juan M Di Gruccio ◽  
María E Mercau ◽  
Esteban M Repetto ◽  
Francisco Astort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Insulin Test ◽  
And Function

It has been hypothesized that deviations in glucocorticoid secretion and/or action may contribute to somatic and biochemical changes observed in patients with and animal models of insulin resistance (IR). In this study, we analyzed changes in rat adrenocortical function and morphology associated with the development of IR, generated in male adult rats by the addition of 30% sucrose to the drinking water. Caloric intake, body and adipose tissue weights, and biochemical parameters associated with IR were determined. Expression levels ofStar,Cyp11A1,Mc2r,Pparγ(Pparg), andCd36were evaluated by real-time PCR, histochemical analysis of the adrenal cortex was performed using Masson's trichrome and Sudan III staining, and corticosterone levels were measured by RIA. After 7 weeks of sucrose administration, higher serum glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and an altered glycemic response to an i.p. insulin test were detected. Adrenal glands showed a neutral lipid infiltration. An increase inStar,Cyp11A1,Mc2r,PpargandCd36and a decrease inMc2rlevels were also found. Furthermore, sucrose-treated animals exhibited higher basal corticosterone levels and a blunted response to ACTH injection. Noteworthy, the adrenocortical (functional and histological) abnormalities were prevented in sucrose-treated rats by the simultaneous administration of an insulin-sensitizing PPARγ agonist. In conclusion, sucrose-induced IR affects adrenocortical morphology and function possibly via the generation of adipokines or lipid metabolites within the adrenal gland. These abnormalities are prevented by the administration of a PPARγ agonist by mechanisms involving both extra- and intra-adrenal effects.

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate induces erectile dysfunction in male adult rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 112323
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Tongtong Zhang ◽  
Lebin Song ◽  
Yichun Wang ◽  
Qijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

scholarly journals RELATION OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONE TO LYMPHOID TISSUE AND LYMPHOCYTES

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE ◽  
CHARLES G. CRADDOCK ◽  
JOHN S. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Hormone ◽  
Cortical System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The hormonal control through the hypophyseo-adrenal cortical system of lymphoid tissue structure and function is an important concept. We cannot at the present time regard that the concept is established fact. Final judgment must await additional work and the clarification of some of the inconsistencies which appear to exist. It seems reasonable that lymphoid tissue is one of the end organs of adrenal cortical hormone and that it may perhaps play a role in the response of the organism to stress. It seems quite clear that the sugar hormone of the adrenal cortex is capable of producing structural alterations in lymphoid tissue. Change in thoracic duct lymphocyte numbers as a result of augmentation in the amount of available adrenal cortical hormone is at present controversial. Experiments in this laboratory have failed to demonstrate it. The production of lymphopenia, at least in some species and possibly in man, by increasing available sugar hormone is supported by some evidence. The exact mechanism of production of lymphopenia is open to question, its relationship to changes in lymphoid tissue structure being one of inference. The converse situation—absolute lympocytosis resulting from deprivation of adrenal cortical hormone—is the subject of controversial reports. At best, it must be admitted that relatively slight alterations from the accepted normal range of lymphocyte values occur in the adrenal insufficient organism. Changes in plasma gamma globulins and antibody titers associated with changes in the amount of available cortical hormone are reported. It should be clarified whether such changes have necessarily resulted from lymphocyte dissolution or are related to other of the variegated actions of adrenal cortical hormone. The relationship of adrenal cortical hormone to lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes and the relationship of the latter to the response of the organism to stress must indeed be complex. It is reasonably well established that the life span of the lymphocyte is very short indeed1,58,22 and each lymphocyte presumably liberates its metabolically important contents within a few hours at the most. If stress continues for any period of time, as often it does, it is difficult to visualize the wisdom of interfering with the production of metabolically vital substances in order to secure the transient benefits of lymphoid tissue dissolution. It is also somewhat difficult to regard as proved that the various changes reported after hormone augmentation or deprivation necessarily represent the normal mechanism by which these factors are regulated and kept within physiologic limits. More investigations are required to answer such questions and to further elucidate the interrelationship of the adrenal cortex and lymphoid tissues.

Anticonvulsant and procognitive properties of the non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist DL77 in male adult rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassem Sadek ◽  
Ali Saad ◽  
Dhanasekaran Subramanian ◽  
Mohamed Shafiullah ◽  
Dorota Łażewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Histamine H3 Receptor ◽  
H3 Receptor ◽  
Histamine H3

scholarly journals Two-Step Regulation of Ad4BP/SF-1 Gene Transcription during Fetal Adrenal Development: Initiation by a Hox-Pbx1-Prep1 Complex and Maintenance via Autoregulation by Ad4BP/SF-1

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 4111-4121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zubair ◽  
Satoru Ishihara ◽  
Sanae Oka ◽  
Katsuzumi Okumura ◽  
Ken-ichirou Morohashi
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Steroidogenic Factor 1 ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intron 4

ABSTRACT The orphan nuclear receptor Ad4BP/SF-1 (adrenal 4 binding protein/steroidogenic factor 1) is essential for the proper development and function of reproductive and steroidogenic tissues. Although the expression of Ad4BP/SF-1 is specific for those tissues, the mechanisms underlying this tissue-specific expression remain unknown. In this study, we used transgenic mouse assays to examine the regulation of the tissue-specific expression of Ad4BP/SF-1. An investigation of the entire Ad4BP/SF-1 gene locus revealed a fetal adrenal enhancer (FAdE) in intron 4 containing highly conserved binding sites for Pbx-Prep, Pbx-Hox, and Ad4BP/SF-1. Transgenic assays revealed that the Ad4 sites, together with Ad4BP/SF-1, develop an autoregulatory loop and thereby maintain transcription, while the Pbx/Prep and Pbx/Hox sites initiate transcription prior to the establishment of the autoregulatory loop. Indeed, a limited number of Hox family members were found to be expressed in the adrenal primordia. Whether a true fetal-type adrenal cortex is present in mice remained controversial, and this argument was complicated by the postnatal development of the so-called X zone. Using transgenic mice with lacZ driven by the FAdE, we clearly identified a fetal adrenal cortex in mice, and the X zone is the fetal adrenal cells accumulated at the juxtamedullary region after birth.

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