Extrarenal action of the adrenal cortex on electrolyte metabolism in nephrectomized and nephrectomized-eviscerated rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Tompkins ◽  
Edward Eckman ◽  
Leonard Share
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

A study was made of the extrarenal action of the adrenal cortex on sodium and potassium metabolism in the rat. There was a reduction in the plasma potassium concentration 24 hours after the administration of desoxycorticosterone, 2 mg/rat, in the adrenalectomized-nephrectomized rat. Treatment with hydrocortisone, 5 mg rat, resulted in the opposite effect. Corticosterone and 2-methyl-9α-fluorohydrocortisone were without effect. In another series of experiments, adrenalectomy resulted in an elevation in the plasma potassium concentration in nephrectomized-eviscerated rats. This change could be detected as early as two hours after operation. The intravenous administration of large doses of desoxycorticosterone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone and aldosterone were without effect. It is suggested that there is a movement of potassium into the extracellular fluid in the absence of the secretions of the adrenal gland.

Inhibition of aldosterone-induced antinatriuresis and kaliuresis by actinomycin D

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. F201-F204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Horisberger ◽  
J. Diezi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Term Response

The effects of actinomycin D on short-term response to aldosterone on sodium and potassium urinary excretion were investigated in adrenalectomized glucocorticoid-substituted anesthetized rats. Aldosterone alone (1 microgram/kg followed by sustained intravenous infusion of 1 microgram X kg-1 X h-1) entailed a simultaneous antinatriuretic and kaliuretic effect after a latent period of 30-60 min. Actinomycin D (300 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously 30 min before aldosterone inhibited both the aldosterone-induced kaliuresis and antinatriuresis and the concomitant changes in plasma potassium concentration. The administration of actinomycin D alone enhanced sodium excretion in the first hour and then induced kaliuresis. These results favor the hypothesis that mineralocorticoid effects of aldosterone on sodium and potassium excretion are closely linked and may be dependent on the same mechanisms.

Effectiveness of the aldosterone-sodium and -potassium feedback control system

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Young ◽  
RE McCaa ◽  
UJ Pan ◽  
AC Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion

This study was conducted to determine the quantitative importance of the aldosterone feedback mechanism in controlling each one of three major factors that have often been associated with aldosterone, namely, extracellular fluid sodium concentration, extracellular fluid potassium concentration, and extracellular fluid volume. To do this, the ability of the body to control these three factors in the face of marked changes in daily sodium or potassium intake was studied under two conditions: 1) in the normal dog, and 2) in the dog in which the aldosterone feedback mechanism was prevented from functioning by removing the adrenal glands and then providing a continuous fixed level of supportive aldosterone and glucocorticoids during the low and high electrolyte intake periods. Under these conditions, removal of feedback control of aldosterone secretion decreased the effectiveness of plasma potassium control by nearly fivefold (39% vs. 8% change in plasma potassium concentration), fluid volume by sixfold (12% vs. 2% change in sodium space) and had no effect on control of plasma sodium concentration (2% change with and without feedback control of aldosterone secretion.)

Na and K levels in blood and marrow cells of normal and phenylhydrazine-treated rabbits

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Archdeacon ◽  
Harold C. Rohrs
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Marrow Cells

Sodium and potassium contents of marrow cells, blood cells, and plasma were measured in normal rabbits and rabbits injected subcutaneously with phenylhydrazine to determine if small quantities of this chemical affected the ability of the blood and marrow cells to maintain their normal levels of these ions. There was a decrease in potassium content of red blood cells within 24 hr after administration of the compound, followed subsequently by a slight rise in plasma potassium. Apparently any effect was closely related to the time of blood sampling after the last injection, recovery occurring within several days if injections were not repeated at frequent intervals. The sodium and potassium analyses of normal bone marrow cells revealed differences in ionic concentration dissimilar to normal blood cells, the average sodium concentrations being higher and potassium concentrations lower in the former cells. Separation of marrow cells into three groups by prolonged centrifugation demonstrated a progressive increase in sodium and a decrease in potassium concentration from the lower to the upper stratum, possibly indicating a greater degree of ionic pumping in the more dense cells.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

Nontraditional aspects of aldosterone physiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. E1122-E1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chardpraorn Ngarmukos ◽  
Roger J. Grekin
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Tissue Production ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

Aldosterone is the most important circulating mineralocorticoid. It is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland and plays a major role in sodium and potassium metabolism by binding to epithelial mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the renal collecting duct, promoting sodium resorption and potassium excretion. The action of aldosterone on its classic target epithelia has been extensively studied, and many of the signaling events that mediate its effects have been described. Recently, there has been increased interest in aldosterone actions on the cardiovascular system, which are mediated through nonclassical actions. These include local tissue production, nongenomic actions, and effects on nonepithelial targets. In this review article, we focus on the effects of aldosterone in nonepithelial tissues that are mediated through MR, especially cardiovascular effects.

Relationship between plasma potassium concentration and renal potassium excretion

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. F599-F603 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Renal Potassium Excretion

To study the relationship between extracellular potassium concentration and renal excretion of potassium, seven chronically adrenalectomized dogs were maintained on a constant intravenous infusion of aldosterone (50 micrograms/day), and constant sodium intake (30 meq/day ) while they received four levels of potassium intake--10, 30, 100, and 200 meq/day--for 7-10 days each. At the conclusion of each level of intake, plasma potassium and renal excretion as well as other variables known to influence potassium excretion were measured. There were minimal changes in arterial pH, mean arterial pressure, extracellular fluid volume, or glomerular filtration rate at any level of potassium intake. The values for plasma potassium and renal potassium excretion attained at each level of intake were: 3.13 +/- 0.24 and 10 +/- 2; 4.18 +/- 0.18 and 21 +/- 6; 4.31 +/- 0.11 and 66 +/- 10; and 4.75 +/- 0.10 meq/liter and 170 +/- 16 meq/day, respectively. Under these experimental conditions in which the levels of aldosterone, sodium intake, arterial pH, arterial pressure, extracellular fluid volume, and glomerular filtration rate remain constant, plasma potassium concentration appears to have a week effect on renal potassium excretion below the normal level of plasma potassium (approx. 11 meq/day change in excretion for each milliequivalent per liter change in concentration). Above the normal level, however, plasma potassium concentration has a powerful effect, 260 meq/day per milliequivalent per liter. The characteristics of the relationship between plasma potassium and renal potassium excretion make it ideally suited for controlling potassium excretion in response to greater than normal potassium intake.

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM INTAKE ON THE FINAL STEPS OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Müller ◽  
Klaus Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Potassium Restriction ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

ABSTRACT Capsular adrenals ("zona glomerulosa") of rats which had been kept on a sodium- and potassium-deficient diet and which were markedly hypokalaemic, converted tritiated corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone, and tritiated cortexolone to cortisol at the same respective rates as the capsular adrenals of sodium- and potassium-replete animals. Aldosterone production from endogenous precursors was elevated under basal conditions of incubation, but not under stimulation by added serotonin. Corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone outputs were normal during incubation with or without serotonin. Capsular adrenals of rats which had been kept first on a potassium-deficient diet for two weeks and then on a sodium- and potassium-deficient diet for two weeks converted 18 times more tritiated corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone and produced 5 times more aldosterone from endogenous precursors than the tissue of rats which had been kept on the potassium-deficient diet for the whole period, although the serum potassium was similarly low in both groups. These results indicate that under simple potassium restriction as well as under combined sodium and potassium restriction, neither the plasma potassium concentration nor the total body potassium is the only regulator of the activity of the enzymes involved in the final steps of aldosterone biosynthesis.

The onset of effect of ACTH, angiotensin II and raised plasma potassium concentration on the adrenal cortex

Steroids ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Blair-West ◽  
J.P. Coghlan ◽  
D.A. Denton ◽  
B.A. Scoggins ◽  
E.M. Wintour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium

SOME ASPECTS OF ZONATION AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
MARGARET H. SPALDING
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Functional Test ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
And Function ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

SUMMARY Male adult rats whose adrenals were enucleated and allowed to regenerate showed in one group normal competence to handle administered water loads, and in another a slow diuresis after this functional test. In the latter case the predisposing factor is cortical insufficiency and not the absence of the medulla. Even those animals with regenerated enucleated adrenals, which gave a normal response to water loads, nevertheless still showed some differences from normal in regard to sodium and potassium metabolism. The histology of the adrenals in the different groups is described.

Glomerular-tubular balance for bicarbonate in the dog

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Bennett ◽  
PD Springberg ◽  
NR Falkinburg
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Bicarbonate Reabsorption ◽  
The Absolute

Previous work that apparently showed a functional relationship between GFR and maximum bicarbonate reabsorption was done at a time when the effects on the latter of several factors (PCO2, plasma potassium concentration, and extracellular fluid volume expansion) were not recognized. The present study re-examines this relationship, while controlling these factors. In 14 hydropenic dogs, bicarbonate reabsorption per unt GFR increased linearly with increases in plasma bicarbonate concentration. At any level of plasma bicarbonate concentration,the absolute rate of bicarbonate reabsorption was functionally related to the GFR. In six volume-expanded dogs, bicarbonate reabsorption remained stable at 20-22 mmol/liter GFR as plasma bicarbonate was raised to greater than 40mM. The absolute rate of bicarbonate reabsorption increased with large increases in GFR induced by methylprednisolone and high-protein diet. In a third group of dogs, bicarbonate reabsorption varied directly with increases in GFR, while plasma bicarbonate concentration was held relatively constant above the threshold. We conclude there is a close functional relationship between the absolute rate of bicarbonate reabsorption and GFR in individual dogs.

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