LUTEAL FUNCTION IN THE MERINO EWE AND THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS PROGESTAGEN

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. SMITH ◽  
T. J. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Cyclic Changes

SUMMARY Progesterone levels were determined in the ovarian and jugular vein plasma and the corpus luteum of 68 cyclic Merino ewes (controls) and of 32 ewes which had been treated with intravaginal sponges containing a synthetic progestagen (Cronolone, Searle). The weight and diameter of the corpus luteum and the rate of flow of the ovarian vein blood were also recorded. No corrections for procedural losses were made. The control ewes showed highly significant (P < 0·001) cyclic changes in the progesterone contents of the ovarian vein plasma and the corpus luteum, and in the mass of the corpus luteum. There were positive correlations (P < 0·001) between ovarian vein plasma progesterone concentration and the weight (r = 0·651), diameter (r = 0·692), total progesterone content (r = 0·775) and progesterone concentration (r = 0·574) of the corpus luteum. Cyclic changes in the progesterone content of the jugular vein failed to attain significance (0·1 < P < 0·2) but the levels were positively correlated with those in the ovarian vein (r = 0·465, P < 0·001) and with weight (r = 0·432, P < 0·001) and diameter (r = 0·303, P < 0·05) of the corpus luteum. The Cronolone-treated ewes showed cyclic changes in luteal function similar to those in controls, with the exception of animals treated on the day of oestrus. In ewes in which ovulation was not suppressed, the duration of activity of the corpus luteum, as measured by progesterone concentration in ovarian vein plasma, and concentration and content in the corpus luteum was significantly reduced. By the 12th day of the cycle the corpus luteum had almost completely regressed both morphologically and functionally.

Functional assessment of the autotransplanted uterus and ovary in the ewe

1976 ◽  
Vol 192 (1109) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
High Success Rate ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Angiographic Evidence ◽  
Venous Plasma

The ovary, uterus or ovary and uterus were autotransplanted to the neck of the ewe. The success rate in transplanting the ovary alone (17/22) or the ovary with the uterus (7/9) was much higher than transplantation of the uterus alone (3/8). Angiographic evidence was obtained for the patency of the uterine and ovarian arteries anastomosed to the carotid artery and utero-ovarian vein anastomosed to the jugular vein in ewes with all three types of autotransplants. Ewes with utero-ovarian autotransplants showed regular oestrous cycles and had normal luteal phases, as judged by the pattern of progesterone concentration in peripheral jugular venous plasma. However, ewes with ovarian autotransplants failed to show oestrus due to maintenance of the corpus luteum as indicated by the fact that the concentration of progesterone remained elevated for up to 220 days. The relatively high success rate in this series indicates that more extensive use could be made of these techniques.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

9 EFFECTS OF MECLOFENAMIC ACID ON LUTEAL FUNCTION OF BEEF CATTLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
C. A. Messerschmidt ◽  
F. M. Abreu ◽  
L. H. Cruppe ◽  
M. V. Biehl ◽  
M. L. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Meclofenamic Acid ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acid Administration

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of meclofenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, on luteal function of beef cattle. A total of 18 Angus cows, aged between 2 and 3 years old, were enrolled in the experiment. All cows were synchronized using a 5-day CIDR protocol. Briefly, cows received 100 μg of gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate (GnRH; Cystorelin®, Merial, Athens, GA, USA) and a controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR; Eazi-BreedTM CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA). Five days later, the CIDR was removed and 50 mg of dinoprost (Lutalyse®, Pfizer Animal Health) was administered intramuscularly. Oestrus was determined by twice daily observations of mounting behaviour and tail painting scores (day of oestrus = Day 0). At 72 h after dinoprost, a second dose of gonadorelin (100 μg, IM) was administered. On Day 14, cows were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) control: 10 mL of saline solution administered IM; 2) systemic: 2 g of meclofenamic acid administered IM; and 3) oral: 2 g of meclofenamic acid administered orally. Cows were treated once daily for 11 days (i.e. until Day 24) and no adverse reactions were observed. Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasonography were performed every 72 h from Day 0 until Day 12 and then every 48 h until the end of the study. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and were used to determine functional luteolysis (i.e. progesterone <1 ng mL–1). Ovaries were evaluated for the presence of a corpus luteum and to evaluate follicular growth and subsequent ovulation. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the day of peak progesterone concentration, lifespan of the corpus luteum and the length of the oestrous cycle between groups. Significance was set at P < 0.05 and data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (Table 1). There were no effects of meclofenamic acid administration on any of the parameters evaluated (P > 0.05). In conclusion, meclofenamic acid administration did not affect luteal function in our study. Potentially, higher doses of meclofenamic acid may be necessary to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and prevent luteolysis. Table 1.Effects of meclofenamic acid administration on the day of peak progesterone concentration, lifespan of the corpus luteum (CL) and the length of oestrous cycle in beef cows (mean ± standard error of the mean) Funding was provided by The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, USDA-Animal Health Formula Funds. The authors are also grateful to the staff at the OSU Beef Center Facility for helping with animal handling and care.

Induction of ovulation with GnRH or oestradiol benzoate lowers plasma progesterone concentration within the first week of ovulation in non-lactating Holstein cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
B.V.E. Segwagwe ◽  
K.L. Macmillan ◽  
P.D. Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

Oestrous synchronisation involves synchronisation of ovarian follicular turnover, new wave emergence, and finally induction of ovulation which can be achieved with an injection of either GnRH (Pursley et al. 1997)or oestradiol benzoate (ODB) (Day et al. 2000). A comparative study investigating corpus luteum (CL) and follicular emergence after the administration of either GnRH or ODB at pro-oestrus has not been reported. It was hypothesised that the injection of ODB at pro-oestrus would delay emergence of the first post-ovulatory follicular wave, but that CL development and plasma progesterone concentrations would be similar in cows induced to ovulate with either GnRH or ODB.

Production and secretion of progesterone in vitro and presence of platelet activating factor (PAF) in early pregnancy of the marsupial, Macropus eugenii

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kojima ◽  
LA Hinds ◽  
WJ Muller ◽  
C O'Neill ◽  
CH Tyndale-Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Group B

The corpus luteum (CL) of the tammar is suppressed by lactation. Removal of the sucking pouch young induces reactivation of the CL which produces a peak in plasma progesterone concentration on Day 5, 6 or 7; reactivation of the embryo after diapause precedes by one day this transient peak of progesterone. This study examines progesterone production and secretion in vitro by the CL and the production of platelet activating factor (PAF) by the endometrium during this stage of pregnancy (Days 0 and 3-8). Blood samples were collected twice daily to determine for each animal (n = 28) at autopsy the relationship of PAF production to the day of the progesterone peak. Significant changes in basal plasma progesterone concentrations were used to define four groups according to the time the animals were killed: Group A, Day 0; Group B, other animals showing no significant change; Group C, peripheral progesterone concentration increasing; Group D, peripheral progesterone concentration decreasing after the peak. At autopsy on successive days, blood samples were taken from the heart, caudal vein and uterine branch of the ovarian vein, and CL and endometria were prepared for explant culture. Progesterone contents of pre- and post-incubation luteal tissues and of medium were determined at 4, 12 and 24 h to estimate production and secretion rates. The values for all progesterone parameters from animals in Group C were significantly higher than in the other groups. It is concluded that the progesterone peak results from a change in rate of production and secretion of progesterone by the CL, one day before the peak in peripheral plasma, and that this change could provide the first signal to the uterus. Endometrium was incubated for 24 h and the medium assayed for PAF. High concentrations of PAF were detected in half the animals in Groups B and C, that is, before or at the time progesterone was increasing. This is the first measurement of PAF in any marsupial and the first demonstration of the release of PAF by the endometrium. The detection of PAF provides a candidate for an endometrial signal that is responsive to the rising progesterone concentration in the utero-ovarian vein draining the CL-bearing ovary and that may stimulate reactivation of the blastocyst.

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