EFFECT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON TESTOSTERONE SECRETION BY THE FOETAL HUMAN TESTIS IN ORGAN CULTURE

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ABRAMOVICH ◽  
T. G. BAKER ◽  
P. NEAL
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Male External Genitalia

SUMMARY Foetal human testes (12–22 weeks gestation), maintained in organ culture, were treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the amount of testosterone produced compared with control cultures. In all cases the testes produced testosterone, but from the 13th to 18th week of gestation significantly more testosterone was produced by, and the Leydig cell hyperplasia was maintained in, the HCG stimulated organ cultures. It is suggested that HCG is ultimately responsible for differentiation of the human male external genitalia.

Ontogenesis of estrogen secretion by porcine fetal testes

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I Raeside ◽  
Chad R Wilkinson ◽  
Gabrielle Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Estrogen Production ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

High levels of estrogen secretion is a characteristic of steroidogenesis in the pig testis in both the adult and newborn male. We have now examined the ability of fetal gonads to secrete estrogens, and compared it with testosterone secretion during prenatal development. Fetuses were recovered from sows (N=33) at 27–114 (term) days of gestation. Gonads were removed for organ culture in TC-199 medium, or used as minced tissues or free cell preparations when taken later in development. Organ cultures were maintained for 96 h with luteinizing hormone added for the last 72 h for one gonad of each pair. Estrone, estradiol-17β and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in media samples. Trace amounts of estrone were detected almost as early as testosterone secretion commenced, but quantities sufficient for confirmation by radioimmunoassay after chromatography were not seen until day 35 of gestation. Estrogen production increased to >0.37 nmol·gonad−1·4 h−1 at term. Testosterone secretion in organ culture was increased by luteinizing hormone but no effect was seen on estrone levels for the first half of pregnancy. Thus, estrogen secretion is a feature of steroidogenesis in the porcine testes even in the early stages of fetal development.

INFLUENCE OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION AND OOCYTE MATURATION IN MOUSE OVARIAN FOLLICLES MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURE

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NEAL ◽  
T. G. BAKER ◽  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
R. J. SCARAMUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY The response of mouse ovaries maintained in organ culture to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (F2α) was assessed using quantitative histological and radioimmunoassay procedures. Prostaglandin E2 induced histological changes in the cultured follicles comparable to those induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the increase in the number of oocytes undergoing preovulatory maturation over the control value was the same irrespective of the treatment (PGE2 alone, HCG alone, or PGE2 + HCG). The amount of progesterone/ ml of culture medium was also significantly higher with these preparations than in control cultures (about 125 ng/ml compared with 57 ng/ml). By contrast, 5 μg PGF2α/ml medium increased neither the number of oocytes undergoing maturation nor the concentration of progesterone in the culture medium. The latter increased when the dose of PGF2α was increased to 30 μg/ml, although the proportion of oocytes beyond the dictyate stage remained at the control level. There was no augmentation in the response (above the level for HCG alone) when HCG and PGF2α were added to the explant medium simultaneously. These results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of action of the various preparations.

Regulation of testosterone production in Leydig cells from fetal mice under dynamic conditions: effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pointis ◽  
M. T. Latreille
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Peak Value ◽  
Fetal Leydig Cells

ABSTRACT The temporal release of testosterone by Leydig cells from 18-day-old mouse fetuses in response to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and to 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-bromo-cAMP) was investigated under short-term incubation (180 min) conditions. A rapid and large increase in testosterone release was induced by a 5-min exposure to hCG (20 i.u./l) or 8-bromo-cAMP (10 mmol/l). The testosterone response of fetal Leydig cells to the two gonadotrophic stimuli was Gaussian in distribution with a peak value of testosterone by 15–20 min. Repeated exposure to hCG resulted in a reduced testosterone response but an increased accumulation of cAMP. The apparent resistance of fetal Leydig cells to hCG could not be overcome either by increasing the hCG concentration (to 2000 i.u./l) or by exposing the cells to 8-bromo-cAMP (10 mmol/l). Continuous exposure to hCG (200 i.u./l) divided into multiple small doses (each 8 i.u./l) induced testosterone secretion with different kinetic characteristics: a three-fold longer time-lag between hormone exposure and the peak value; a twofold greater testosterone response (P<0·001) and a gradual decrease of testosterone secretion. Oestradiol significantly reduced basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production only at a high concentration (10 μmol/l). These results indicate that continuous or pulsatile exposure to hCG can induce refractoriness of fetal Leydig cells. The similarity between the actions of hCG and 8-bromo-cAMP on fetal steroidogenesis suggests that this rapid defect is not primarily due to a depletion of gonadotrophin receptors but results from disruption of regulatory mechanisms at the post-receptor level. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 409–414

scholarly journals Coexpression of Wilms’ tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) and androgen receptor (AR) in the genital tract of human male embryos and regulation of AR promoter activity by WT1

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Köhler ◽  
Anne-Lise Delezoide ◽  
Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure ◽  
Michael J McPhaul ◽  
Charles Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Local Factor ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Male External Genitalia

The Wilms’ tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) is one of the key regulators of early male genital development. The androgen receptor (AR) is the major local factor responsible for the development of the male genitalia. As a subset of patients, with WT1 mutations and virilization defects, were found to present normal testosterone producing testes after birth, which suggests androgen resistance, we hypothesized that WT1 and AR might functionally interact during the development of the external genitalia. Coexpression of WT1 and AR was found in the mesenchyme surrounding the urogenital sinus, the mesonephros, and the Müllerian duct at 7 weeks p.c. and in the epididimys, vas deferens, and the gubernaculum testes from 13 to 27 weeks p.c. in human male embryos. A modification of AR expression by WT1 (WT1+/+, WT1+/−, and WT1+/− R394W) was seen in CV1, Hela, LNCaP, and T293 cells. WT1 was shown to increase or decrease AR expression depending on the cell line (1.6- to 3.7-fold). In this study, we consider LNCaP and T293 cells as the most physiological cell system, as both originate from the human urogenital tract. In these cell lines, a repressional effect of the mutant WT1+/− R394W (0.5-fold) on AR expression in comparison to the wild-type WT1+/− could be demonstrated. From our data, we conclude that a functional interaction of WT1 and AR might play a role during the development of the male external genitalia, but as the regulatory effects were moderate most likely in concert with other local cofactors.

FSH: II. EVIDENCE FOR ITS MEDIATING ROLE ON TESTOSTERONE SECRETION IN HYPOPITUITARISM

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre C. Sizonenko ◽  
Raphael Rappaport ◽  
Nathalie Josso ◽  
Fernand Dray
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Basal Plasma

ABSTRACT Testicular responses to administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in 23 hypopituitary patients were compared to responses obtained in adequate control groups and correlated to basal plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Sixteen nonpubertal patients demonstrated a significantly diminished testosterone response (250 ± 64 ng/100 ml, mean ± sem) along with low basal plasma FSH values (1.4 ± 0.2 mU/ml) when compared to normal response (607 ± 97 ng/100 ml) and normal FSH level (2.3 ± 0.2 mU/ml), but with normal LH values. In 7 pubertal patients decreased testosterone responses to HCG (815 ± 147 ng/100 ml) were observed with normal plasma FSH and LH values. Correlation between testosterone responses and FSH levels (r = 0.718, P < 0.002) in the pre-pubertal hypopituitary patients was highly significant. No such correlation was observed between testosterone response and LH. The present findings may a) give one explanation for the absence of response to HCG observed in some cases of hypo-pituitarism, b) give support to the hypothesis that FSH has a mediating role on LH-induced secretion of testosterone by the testis in human subjects.

RESPONSE OF MOUSE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES IN ORGAN CULTURE TO VARYING DOSES OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NEAL ◽  
T. G. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The response of mouse ovaries maintained in organ culture to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was assessed using quantitative histological and radioimmunoassay techniques. In terms of the induction of preovulatory maturation in follicular oocytes, 1 μg FSH/ml medium was as effective as 10 μg LH/ml. The lowest doses of HCG and LH used (0·2 i.u./ml and 1 μg/ml respectively) had no effect on oocyte maturation, whereas the response to FSH was virtually unchanged irrespective of dose (1–10 μg/ml). When the level of progesterone in the medium at the end of organ culture was used as an index of ovarian response, LH was more effective than FSH and HCG, although all the hormones induced a significant increase, irrespective of dose. These results are discussed in terms of the mode of action of gonadotrophins in the processes culminating in ovulation.

scholarly journals Lipid Content of Sheep Ovarian Follicles in Culture

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
RP Hamilton ◽  
RF Seamark
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

A detailed examination was made of the lipid content of sheep ovarian follicles maintained in organ culture, and of the effect on this of human chorionic gonadotrophin.

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