METABOLIC EFFECTS OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOTROPHINS IN THE AUSTRALIAN BRUSH-TAILED OPOSSUM, TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA (KERR)

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHIN AYE THAN ◽  
I. R. McDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Loss Of Weight

SUMMARY The effect of cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) administration on indices of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism was investigated in the conscious marsupial brush-tailed opossum Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr). Short-term (1 h) i.v. infusions of cortisol at 0·02, 0·20 and 1·0 mg/kg/h caused plasma glucose concentration to rise rapidly from the normal range of 106–119 mg/100 ml to 145–163 mg/100 ml at the end of the infusion period without consistent changes in plasma urea, amino acid or free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. Similar infusions of porcine or synthetic ACTH at 0·45 i.u./kg/h increased plasma glucose concentration to similar levels without significant change in plasma urea or amino acid concentration, but with a marked increase in plasma FFA concentration. Daily injections of 1 mg cortisol acetate/kg for 8 days caused a moderate loss of weight, increased urinary nitrogen excretion and glycosuria in all animals. In one animal it was possible to associate these changes with an increase in plasma cortisol concentration to 8·6 μg/100 ml, and an increase in plasma glucose and urea concentrations to 172 and 52 mg/100 ml, respectively. Liver glycogen concentrations in normal and 24 h-fasted animals were 5·53 ± 0·73 and 0·20 ± 0·14 g/100 g respectively, and daily i.m. injections of 1 mg cortisol acetate/kg increased the liver glycogen concentration to 3·38 ± 0·63 g/100 g in 24 h-fasted animals. The erythrocytes contained only small amounts of glucose which increased during cortisol-induced hyperglycaemia. It is concluded that Trichosurus is highly sensitive to the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids, which resemble those found in eutherian mammals, particularly the rabbit.

Metabolic effects of cortisol, ACTH, adrenalin and insulin in the marsupial sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Bradley ◽  
D. M. Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Sugar Glider ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Petaurus Breviceps

ABSTRACT The effects of cortisol, ACTH, adrenalin and insulin on indices of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism were investigated in the conscious marsupial sugar glider Petaurus breviceps. Short-term i.v. infusion of cortisol at dose rates of 0·02, 0·2 and 1·0 mg/kg per h caused the plasma glucose concentration to rise sharply from the normal range of 3·3–4·4 to 8·1–8·7 mmol/l at the end of the infusion period without significant alteration in plasma free fatty acid (FFA), amino acid or urea concentrations. Infusions of ACTH at dose rates of 0·02, 0·06 and 0·45 IU/kg per h caused a similar rise in plasma glucose concentration; however, this was now accompanied by an elevation in plasma FFA concentration, but again without significant changes in either plasma amino acid or urea concentrations. Infusion of adrenalin at 10 μg/kg per h caused an increase in the plasma concentrations of both glucose and FFA. Intravenous injections of 0·15 IU insulin/kg caused a rapid and marked decrease in the plasma glucose concentration within 30 min and an increase in the plasma free cortisol concentration. Associated with this change was a marked rise in the plasma concentration of both FFA and free cortisol. The rise in free cortisol was, however, significantly reduced by infusion of glucose. Pretreatment with five daily i.m. injections of 1 mg cortisol acetate/kg, which produced an increase in plasma free cortisol concentration to near the maximum of the physiological range, caused a marked reduction in insulin sensitivity. Cortisol pretreatment caused an increase in the plasma FFA and amino acid concentrations. Petaurus breviceps is highly sensitive to the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids and is similar in this respect to the brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula. The interactive effects between insulin and glucocorticoids on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in Petaurus breviceps are similar to those shown by Trichosurus vulpecula and some eutherian mammals but contrast with the pattern described for two macropodid marsupials, the red kangaroo Macropus rufus and the quokka Setonix brachyurus. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 203–212

scholarly journals PROTEÍNA PROTEGIDA DE SOJA E O DESEMPENHO DE CORDEIROS EM CONFINAMENTO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. ANDRIGUETTO ◽  
E. CAVASSIN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Perirenal Fat

O presente trabalho compara a eficiência de três formas de proteína de soja na alimentação de cordeiros confinados. Utilizaram-se 21 cordeiros machos, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso em três grupos de tratamento: farelo de soja (FS) (n=7); soja integral tostado (SIT) (n=7); proteína protegida de soja (PPS) (n=7). As três rações foram balanceadas de acordo com o NRC (1985) e continham os mesmos teores de proteína bruta (18%), energia metabolizável (2370 kcal/kg) e fibra em detergente neutro (38%), diferindo quanto à fonte principal de proteína. Os resultados médios obtidos para ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar não diferiram significativamente (P>0,05). Quanto às características de carcaça, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para o peso de carcaça quente e para a área de olho de lombo. A taxa de rendimento de carcaça foi significativamente menor (P=0,05) com PPS. A porcentagem de gordura perirenal em relação ao peso de carcaça foi menor (P=0,07) com PPS do que com FS e SIT, que não diferiram entre si. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos níveis de glucose plasmática, porém os níveis plasmáticos de uréia aumentaram consideravelmente entre a segunda e a terceira semana após o início dos tratamentos, sendo que a elevação da concentração de uréia plasmática foi significativamente menor (P0.05). There were also no effects (P>0.05) on carcass weight and Longissimus dorsi muscle area. The carcass yield of lambs receiving PSP was significantly lower (P=0.05) than that observed with other sources of protein. The percentage of perirenal fat was also lower (P=0.07) for animals fed with PSP. There was no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Plasma urea levels, however, were increased after the second week of the beginning of the experiment, and that increase was significantly lower (P

scholarly journals Direct Chemical Measurement of the λ of the Lumped Constant of the [14C]Deoxyglucose Method in Rat Brain: Effects of Arterial Plasma Glucose Level on the Distribution Spaces of [14C]Deoxyglucose and Glucose and on λ

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Mori ◽  
Nancy Cruz ◽  
Gerald Dienel ◽  
Thomas Nelson ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Operational Equation ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Lumped Constant ◽  
Dg Method ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Distribution Spaces

The lumped constant in the operational equation of the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (DG) method contains the factor λ that represents the ratio of the steady-state tissue distribution spaces for [14C]DG and glucose. The lumped constant has been shown to vary with arterial plasma glucose concentration. Predictions based mainly on theoretical grounds have suggested that disproportionate changes in the distribution spaces for [14C]DG and glucose and in the value of λ are responsible for these variations in the lumped constant. The influence of arterial plasma glucose concentration on the distribution spaces for DG and glucose and on λ were, therefore, determined in the present studies by direct chemical measurements. The brain was maintained in steady states of delivery and metabolism of DG and glucose by programmed intravenous infusions of both hexoses designed to produce and maintain constant arterial concentrations. Hexose concentrations were assayed in acid extracts of arterial plasma and freeze-blown brain. Graded hyperglycemia up to 28 m M produced progressive decreases in the distribution spaces of both hexoses from their normoglycemic values (e.g., ∼ – 20% for glucose and – 50% for DG at 28 m M). In contrast, graded hypoglycemia progressively reduced the distribution space for glucose and increased the space for [14C]DG. The values for λ were comparatively stable in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions but rose sharply (e.g., as much as 9–10-fold at 2 m M) in severe hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Sujaya Sham ◽  
B Poornima R Bhat ◽  
Aruna Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Glucose Challenge Test ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration

ABSTRACT Background To compare the sensitivity and specificity of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with that of standard glucose challenge test (GCT). Materials and methods Eighty-nine eligible pregnant women underwent GCT between 24th and 28th gestational week, followed by a diagnostic 3 hours 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test within 1 week. Out patient clinic in Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Data was analyzed for significance by chi-square test. Results Fasting plasma glucose concentration at a threshold value of 90 mg/dl and GCT at recommended standard threshold of 140 mg/dl yielded sensitivities of 66.7% and 100% respectively and specificities of 87.3% and 46.5% respectively. Reducing the threshold value of FPG to 80 mg/dl increased the sensitivity of test to 91.7% with specificity of 54.9% which was comparable to standard GCT, in our study. Conclusion Measuring FPG concentration using a cut-off of. 80 mg/dl is an easier, tolerable and more cost effective procedure than GCT for detecting more severe cases of GDM, i.e. the diabetes mellitus group. In resource poor settings with population belonging to average risk or high risk category, FPG at a cut-off of 90 mg/dl can be used to screen GDM. How to cite this article Sham S, Bhat BPR, Kamath A. Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):75-78.

A single bolus infusion of C-reactive protein increases gluconeogenesis and plasma glucose concentration in humans

Metabolism ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Birjmohun ◽  
Radjesh J. Bisoendial ◽  
Sander I. van Leuven ◽  
Mariette Ackermans ◽  
Aelko Zwinderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Single Bolus ◽  
Reactive Protein

Overnight inhibition of insulin secretion restores pulsatility and proinsulin/insulin ratio in type 2 diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. E520-E528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Laedtke ◽  
Lise Kjems ◽  
Niels Pørksen ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Johannes Veldhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes is characterized by decreased first-phase insulin secretion, an increased proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio in plasma, abnormal pulsatile insulin release, and heightened disorderliness of insulin concentration profiles. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that these abnormalities are at least partly reversed by a period of overnight suspension of β-cell secretory activity achieved by somatostatin infusion. Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes were studied twice after a randomly ordered overnight infusion of either somatostatin or saline with the plasma glucose concentration clamped at ∼8 mmol/l. Controls were studied twice after overnight saline infusions and then at a plasma glucose concentration of either 4 or 8 mmol/l. We report that in patients with type 2 diabetes, 1) as in nondiabetic humans, insulin is secreted in discrete insulin secretory bursts; 2) the frequency of pulsatile insulin secretion is normal; 3) the insulin pulse mass is diminished, leading to decreased insulin secretion, but this defect can be overcome acutely by β-cell rest with somatostatin; 4) the reported loss of orderliness of insulin secretion, attenuated first-phase insulin secretion, and elevated proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio also respond favorably to overnight inhibition by somatostatin. The results of these clinical experiments suggest the conclusion that multiple parameters of abnormal insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mechanistically reflect cellular depletion of immediately secretable insulin that can be overcome by β-cell rest.

Contribution of cortisol to glucose counterregulation in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. E35-E42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Feo ◽  
G. Perriello ◽  
E. Torlone ◽  
M. M. Ventura ◽  
C. Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Increase

To test the hypothesis that cortisol secretion plays a counterregulatory role in hypoglycemia in humans, four studies were performed in eight normal subjects. In all studies, insulin (15 mU.m-2.min-1) was infused subcutaneously (plasma insulin 27 +/- 1 microU/ml). In study 1, plasma glucose concentration and glucose fluxes [( 3-3H]glucose), substrate, and counterregulatory hormone concentrations were simply monitored, and plasma glucose decreased from 89 +/- 2 to 52 +/- 2 mg/dl for 12 h. In study 2, (pituitary-adrenal-pancreatic clamp), insulin and counterregulatory hormone secretion (except for catecholamines) was prevented by somatostatin (0.5 mg/h, iv) and metyrapone (0.5 g/4 h, per os), and glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone were infused to reproduce the concentrations of study 1. In study 3 (lack of cortisol increase), the pituitary-adrenal-pancreatic clamp was performed with maintenance of plasma cortisol at basal levels, and glucose was infused, whenever needed, to reproduce plasma glucose concentration of study 2. Study 4 was identical to study 3, but exogenous glucose was not infused. Isolated lack of cortisol increase caused a approximately 22% decrease in hepatic glucose production (P less than 0.01) and a approximately 15% increase in peripheral glucose utilization (P less than 0.01), which resulted in greater hypoglycemia (37 +/- 2 vs. 52 +/- 2 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) despite compensatory increases in plasma epinephrine. Lack of cortisol response also reduced plasma free fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol concentrations approximately 50%. We conclude that cortisol normally plays an important counterregulatory role during hypoglycemia by augmenting glucose production, decreasing glucose utilization, and accelerating lipolysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Pericampylus glaucus on plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kifayatullah ◽  
Pinaki Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Long Term Studies

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of <em>Pericampylus glaucus</em> extract on plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract were administered orally at three different doses (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 21 days after 72 hours of streptozotocin injection. During the short- and long-term studies, the extract was found to possess significant (p&lt;0.01, p&lt;0.001) anti-diabetic activity in normal and diabetic rats compared with untreated normal and untreated diabetic group. It also caused reduction in the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL etc. and improvement in the HDL level compared with untreated diabetic rats. Reduction in the fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, LDL, creatinine levels and improvement in the HDL by<em> P. glaucus</em> indicates that plant has anti-diabetic activity along with anti hyperlipidemic efficacy and provides a scientific rationale for the use.</p><p> </p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document