ANNUAL RHYTHMS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE, FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, PROLACTIN AND TESTOSTERONE IN THE SERUM OF MALE RHESUS MONKEYS

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BECK ◽  
W. WUTTKE
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
First Year ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
June July ◽  
Male Rhesus

Six male rhesus monkeys were kept under rigidly controlled conditions for 1–2 years. During August of the first year a thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) test was performed on each of the monkeys by giving 10 μg TRH as a bolus injection. Significantly increased serum prolactin levels occurred 15 min after the injection. After a training period of 2 months, during which blood samples were collected every other day by puncture of the saphenous vein, blood was collected three times a week for 14 months. Serum levels of prolactin, LH, FSH and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean serum prolactin levels increased significantly during June, July and August in all six animals. Peak levels were observed in August and September and then levels declined gradually to reach a minimum in April and May. Mean serum testosterone levels closely paralleled the annual pattern of prolactin. Mean serum LH levels significantly decreased during the time when mean serum prolactin and testosterone levels were increasing and they increased again at the time of decreasing mean prolactin levels, i.e. mean serum LH and prolactin were negatively correlated. In individual monkeys, however, a rigid negative correlation between serum prolactin and LH could not be demonstrated. Mean serum FSH levels did not change significantly.

Pituitary response to LRH and TRH stimulation and peripheral steroid hormones in conscious and anaesthetized adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jean Wickings ◽  
E. Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Male Rhesus

Abstract. Adult male rhesus monkeys are aggressive animals and very difficult to handle. Hence experimental manipulations necessarily involve the use of restraint procedures, either chemical or physical, which may influence endocrine functions. Therefore, the effects of ketamine anaesthesia on basal hormone levels and on the pituitary response to LRH and TRH were investigated in 4 adult male rhesus monkeys. Values were compared to those obtained from the same animals restrained in primate chairs for approximately 48 h, a procedure to which they had been accustomed to over the preceding 6 months. Serum cortisol levels under anaesthesia were at all times lower than in conscious monkeys, but increased after 2 h to values twice as high as measured initially. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different on the two occasions, but levels under anaesthesia were slightly higher initially than in the conscious monkeys, and decreased gradually over the 3 h test period. Initial prolactin levels were lower in the anaesthetized monkeys, and increased 2–3-fold after 90 min; values at 3 h were not significantly different from those in conscious monkeys. Intravenous TRH elicited a similar response in prolactin on both occasions, maximum values occurring after 15–30 min and returning to basal levels after 3 h. The maximum values attained and the area under the response curves were higher under anaesthesia. LRH stimulation resulted in a 15- and 30-fold increase in serum levels of biologically active LH, with and without anaesthesia, respectively. Basal levels were not significantly different on the two occasions. The area under the LH response curve was higher in 3 of the 4 monkeys without anaesthesia. The extent to which results in conscious monkeys are affected by stress is difficult to assess. Since neither handling technique allows for the collection of 'true' basal data, it is paramount to standardize and define the conditions under which experiments, and even routine blood sampling, are performed in male rhesus monkeys.

Pituitary and gonadal function in prepubertal and pubertal cryptorchidism

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okuyama ◽  
H. Itatani ◽  
S. Mizutani ◽  
T. Sonoda ◽  
T. Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Bilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Serum

Abstract. LRH and hCG tests were performed in 35 prepubertal and 35 pubertal boys with unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism to examine the pituitary and gonadal function. Twenty-one normal boys were also examined as controls. In the prepubertal group, distinct increases in serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels by LRH and hCG tests were found in all of the normal and unilateral cryptorchid boys. However, no or very little response was observed in 4 out of 17 boys with bilateral cryptorchidism. In the pubertal group, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone in normal boys, in unilateral and in bilateral cryptorchid boys were evidently higher than those in the prepubertal group, and distinct or moderate responses by the LRH and hCG tests were found in all boys examined. Although serum testosterone levels were similar in all groups, serum basal and peak gonadotrophin levels by the LRH test were significantly higher in bilateral cryptorchid boys than in normal and unilateral cryptorchid boys. The difference was more marked in FSH than in LH level. An elevated level of serum LH is suggestive of the hypofunction of not only the seminiferous tubules but also of the Leydig cells in cryptorchid testes.

Interrelationship between pituitary-testicular axis activity and raised environmental temperature in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chap ◽  
E. Bedrak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The relationship between the testes and the adenohypophysis in rats exposed to heat was assessed by (1) the determination of adenohypophysial concentrations of FSH, LH and prolactin as well as serum levels of prolactin and testosterone in rats maintained at 35 °C for various periods of time and (2) the elucidation of the responsiveness to stimulation with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) of the rat acclimatized for 40 days to a temperature of 35 °C. The results demonstrated that while heat exposure caused a transient change in the concentration of FSH and LH in the adenohypophysis, the level of prolactin increased by twofold within 24 h and remained significantly higher than in control animals. A concurrent significant decrease in the concentrations of prolactin and testosterone in the serum of rats exposed to heat was also observed. Challenging the rat with exogenous GnRH resulted in a significant increase in serum LH and FSH concentrations in control rats and rats exposed to heat, but the magnitude of the rise in LH was greater in the latter group. However, this phenomenon was not accompanied by a rise in serum testosterone concentration in the rat exposed to heat. Challenging the animals with hCG provoked an increase in serum testosterone, but the magnitude of the rise was greater by far in the control rats. It is concluded that exposure of the intact rat to increased environmental temperatures is accompanied by accumulation of prolactin in the lactotrophs, reduced serum prolactin concentration, decreased capacity of the testes to synthesize testosterone and consequently reduced serum testosterone concentration. These phenomena are independent of the capacity of the adenohypophysis to synthesize LH.

scholarly journals Testosterone in Female Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Dhruba Tara Maharjan ◽  
Ali Alamdar Shah Syed ◽  
Guan Ning Lin ◽  
Weihai Ying
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Mendelian Randomization Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Randomization Analysis

Testosterone’s role in female depression is not well understood, with studies reporting conflicting results. Here, we use meta-analytical and Mendelian randomization techniques to determine whether serum testosterone levels differ between depressed and healthy women and whether such a relationship is casual. Our meta-analysis shows a significant association between absolute serum testosterone levels and female depression, which remains true for the premenopausal group while achieving borderline significance in the postmenopausal group. The results from our Mendelian randomization analysis failed to show any causal relationship between testosterone and depression. Our results show that women with depression do indeed display significantly different serum levels of testosterone. However, the directions of the effect of this relationship are conflicting and may be due to menopausal status. Since our Mendelian randomization analysis was insignificant, the difference in testosterone levels between healthy and depressed women is most likely a manifestation of the disease itself. Further studies could be carried out to leverage this newfound insight into better diagnostic capabilities culminating in early intervention in female depression.

ENDOCRINE STUDIES AND SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT IN A PATIENT WITH TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
Evangelina Valdés ◽  
Carlos Fernández del Castillo ◽  
Raul Gutiérrez ◽  
Fernando Larrea ◽  
Martha Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Genital Ambiguity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT A 12-year old, 46 XX true hermaphrodite born with genital ambiguity was studied and successfully treated. The serum LH and FSH profile resembled that of a pubertal normal individual, and LH-RH administration induced a normal LH response. Baseline testosterone serum levels were within the range for normal children. Exogenous HCG stimulation induced a significant serum testosterone increase up to values similar to those observed in normal post-pubertal males. Surgical examination disclosed the presence of bilateral ovotestis, normal Mullerian derivatives, epididymis, and vas deferens. A complete ovotestis with testicular predominance and the testicular portion of the contralateral ovotestis as well as the Wolffian derivatives, were removed. A further HCG stimulation 3 months after surgery, failed to induce serum testosterone increase. Spontaneous menarche was observed 6 months after surgery and ovulation was well documented. At present the patient has several characteristics of female sex including those of chromosome complement, gonad, internal and external genitalia, hormone levels and gender identity, thus demonstrating that treatment was successful and that reproductive function could be obtained. The finding of spontaneous ovulation following removal of the testicular portion suggests normal cyclic gonadotrophic release implying a difference between animal models and man in regard to hypothalamic virilization.

Effect of Resistance and Endurance Training on Gene Expression of Adiponectin and its Receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in Testicles and Serum Levels of Sex Hormones in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Nadi ◽  
Mohammad Bayat ◽  
hadi karami ◽  
Mohammad Parastesh ◽  
parvindokht bayat
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Adiponectin Gene ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Abstract Background Sex hormone, adiponectin and its receptors interacted in the testes. Diabetes can also interfere with this interaction. Regular exercise has some effects on the diabetes side effects. This study purpose was to investigate the effects resistance and endurance training on adiponectin gene expression and its receptors and sex hormones in those rats with diabetes.MethodsIn this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups by random. After performing the trainings, adiponectin gene expression and its receptors in the testis were evaluated using real time PCR, and blood serum was then used in order to assess FSH, LH and testosterone.Results The induction of diabetes mellitus STZ-NA significantly increased the serum level of fasting blood glucose, the gene expression of adiponectin and also the AdipoR 1 in the testicles of diabetic rats in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, diabetes resulted in a significant reduction in serum testosterone levels and LH in diabetic group, but it has no effect on FSH.Conclusions Resistance and endurance training decreased the blood glucose with a significant amount reduction in adiponectin levels and AdipoR 1 gene rats, and also increased the serum testosterone levels and LH in diabetic rats. Resistance and endurance training can improve expression of adiponectin and AdipoR 1 gene by increasing the serum testosterone and LH levels in type 2 diabetic rats.

EFFECTS OF MATING AND INJECTION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE ON SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN RABBITS

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. BLAKE ◽  
PATRICIA K. BLAKE ◽  
NANCY K. THORNEYCROFT ◽  
I. H. THORNEYCROFT
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lh Rh

The effects of coitus and injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) on serum concentrations of LH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one; DHT) were tested in male rabbits. Before experimentation, male and female rabbits were housed in individual cages in the same room. Male rabbits were then bled by cardiac puncture before and after placement with female rabbits or intravenous injection of LH-RH. Serum LH, testosterone and DHT were measured by radioimmunoassay. Sexual excitement (sniffing, chasing and mounting), with or without intromission, caused a marked rise in serum testosterone and DHT concentrations in only some of the bucks. These increases were accompanied or preceded by a small, transient increase in serum LH. In the rest of the bucks, sexual excitement with or without intromission had either no effect on serum levels of all three hormones, or only serum testosterone and DHT decreased during the collection period. Similar responses were measured in bucks which were housed in a room without does for 2–4 weeks before experimentation. Injection of 10, 30 or 100 ng or 50 μg LH-RH caused serum LH, testosterone and DHT to rise in all bucks tested, but the magnitude of the rises in serum testosterone and DHT were not related to the magnitude of the LH rise. In both mated and LH-RH-injected bucks, the rises in serum testosterone and DHT were greatest in animals with low initial testosterone and DHT values. Under the conditions of this study, the data suggest that: (1) serum testosterone and DHT rise in only some male rabbits after sexual excitement (with or without intromission), (2) the rises in serum testosterone and DHT are dependent on a small transient increase in serum LH and (3) sexual excitement is less likely to cause release of LH-RH in bucks with raised serum testosterone and DHT concentrations.

Dietary Restriction of Adult Male Rhesus Monkeys: Design, Methodology, and Preliminary Findings From the First Year of Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. B17-B26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kemnitz ◽  
R. Weindruch ◽  
E. B. Roecker ◽  
K. Crawford ◽  
P. L. Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Rhesus
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