Identification of the major steroids in ovarian and adrenal venous plasma of the brush-tail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and changes in the peripheral plasma levels of oestradiol and progesterone during the reproductive cycle

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
M. Axelson ◽  
G. M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Venous Plasma

ABSTRACT The quantitatively major steroid hormones in ovarian and adrenal venous plasma of the female brush-tail possum were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ovarian vein plasma samples all contained oestradiol and its concentration was highest during the pro-oestrous phase of the reproductive cycle. During this phase the concentration of progesterone was below the limit of detection but at day 13 of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy, the concentration of progesterone exceeded that of oestradiol. Cortisol and corticosterone were the major steroid hormones found in all adrenal vein samples with cortisol predominant. Androgens with a 3-oxo structure, if present, were below the limits of detection in all plasma samples. Radioimmunoassays for the measurement of progesterone and oestradiol in peripheral plasma were used to follow changes in the concentrations of these steroids during the reproductive cycle. Progesterone in serial blood samples was low at oestrus, rose gradually until day 7 and then increased more rapidly to reach a peak level of 21–29 nmol/l at around day 13. Any differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant cycles were minor. Oestradiol was only detected around oestrus when levels were variable (53·3±20·92 (s.e.m.) pmol/l; n = 4). The results indicate that the reproductive cycle of the brush-tail possum is characterized by a single peak of oestradiol at around pro-oestrus followed by gradually increasing levels of progesterone. Pregnancy appears to have no influence on the circulating concentrations of oestradiol or progesterone. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 53–62

Rapid Determination of H2S Poisoning in a Forensic Study Using a Novel Fluorescence Assay Based on Zn/Cu@BSA Nanoclusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lagabaiyila Zha ◽  
Weicheng Duan ◽  
Di Wen ◽  
Yadong Guo ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
H2s Poisoning

The quantitative determination of H2S in the blood can provide valid evidence for H2S poisoning through occupational exposure. However, known traditional methods for the detection of H2S in blood are time consuming, require complicated pretreatments, and have low sensitivity. In this paper, a new fluorescence sensing assay is proposed for the rapid detection of H2S poisoning in forensic cases based on bovine serum albumin (BSA)-stabilised zinc/copper (Zn/Cu) bi-metal nanoclusters (Zn/Cu@BSA NCs). The as-prepared Zn/Cu@BSA NCs probes have been characterised by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of Zn/Cu@BSA NCs can be quenched through specific interactions between HS−/S2− and the Zn2+/Cu2+ bi-metal ions. Under optimised conditions, the fluorescence sensing method was linear in the concentration range of 2.5 nM to 30 mM with 0.69 nM as the limit of detection. Moreover, the practical feasibility of this fluorescence sensing method has also been demonstrated by the analysis of mice blood samples containing different levels of sulfide and human blood samples from forensic cases of H2S poisoning. Compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), this fluorescence sensing method is quite simple, straightforward, and can be accurate for the quantitative determination of H2S poisoning in a few minutes for forensic analysis. Overall, this is the first report of a bi-metal fluorescence sensing assay for detecting H2S poisoning directly in blood. This research may provide a new approach for forensic toxicologists to monitor poisoning by H2S using a fluorescence-sensing method.

scholarly journals Selected Factors that Affect the Measurement of Plasma Progesterone Concentrations in Pregnant Ewes

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Gleeson ◽  
GD Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding

A competitive protein-binding technique was used to measure progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of pregnant ewes. Neither haemolysis of blood nor thawing of plasma samples affected plasma progesterone concentration. Blood samples should be chilled immediately upon collection but subsequent to centrifugation immediate chilling of the plasma samples is not critical. No consistent diurnal variation in progesterone concentrations was evident but there was large apparently random day-to-day variation in progesterone concentrations for any ewe. Although a significant positive correlation was found between endogenous progesterone and corticosteroid concentrations, the present study failed to correlate experimentally elevated plasma corticosteroid concentrations with progesterone concentrations. Progesterone concentrations varied greatly between ewes at the same stage of pregnancy.

CONCENTRATION OF OESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS IN HUMAN OVARIAN VENOUS PLASMA AND FOLLICULAR FLUID THROUGHOUT THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
D. T. BAIRD ◽  
A. BOLTON ◽  
P. CHAMBERS ◽  
C. S. CORKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Late Follicular Phase ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY The concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol-17β were measured in peripheral and ovarian venous blood and follicular fluid of women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of oestradiol was similar in small follicles (diameter < 8 mm) at all stages of the menstrual cycle and in large follicles (diameter ⩾ 8 mm) except during the mid- and late follicular phase when the concentration reached a peak (∼ 1500 ng/ml). The concentration of androstenedione was lowest in large preovulatory follicles at mid-cycle at a time when the secretion into the ovarian vein was markedly increased. The concentration of testosterone in large follicles (⩾ 8 mm) was unchanged during the follicular phase whereas in small follicles there was a peak at mid-cycle. The rise in the concentration of testosterone and androstenedione at mid-cycle in peripheral plasma may be due to increased secretion by the preovulatory follicle into the ovarian vein. It is suggested that the relatively low concentration of androstenedione in follicular fluid of the preovulatory follicle arises from increased aromatization by granulosa cells in the course of oestrogen synthesis.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC HEN DURING THE OVULATORY CYCLE

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Domestic Hen

ABSTRACT The concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay in the peripheral plasma of hens during the ovulatory cycle and of non-laying hens. During the ovulatory cycle when blood samples were taken at 4 or 6 h intervals for 24 h, the peak concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol occurred within the 6 h period immediately preceding ovulation. After the final ovulation of the clutch the oestradiol concentration fell gradually and did not rise again near the time when the last egg of the clutch was laid. There was no significant change in the concentration of oestradiol over a 24 h period in non-laying hens. When blood samples were taken at 2 h intervals during the 12–14 h period before the expected time of ovulation the oestradiol concentration rose 8 h before ovulation and reached a peak level 6–4 h beforehand. It is suggested that oestradiol may be involved in the mechanism stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone required for ovulation.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTROGENS, PROGESTERONE AND 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE OF THE RHESUS MONKEY

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. K. Bosu ◽  
Tore H:son Holmdahl ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Small Rise

ABSTRACT Concentrations of oestrogens*, progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were determined in daily peripheral plasma samples during one normal menstrual cycle in eight rhesus monkeys. The oestrogens were measured by a rapid radioimmunoassay. Progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were determined by competitive protein binding techniques subsequent to column separation on hydrophobic Sephadex. Oestrone and oestradiol in pooled plasma samples were determined by radioimmunoassay after column chromatography. The plasma concentration of oestrogen showed a gradual late follicular rise to a midcyclic peak followed by an abrupt fall for 1–2 days and a subsequent small rise to concentrations similar to those preceding the mid-cyclic peak. Plasma levels of progesterone were below 1 ng per ml before the mid-cyclic peak of oestrogens but rose significantly one day after the oestrogen peak, and reached a luteal plateau (range 3.4–11.3 ng per ml) five to six days later. The plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone increase paralleled the mid-cyclic peak of oestrogens. The luteal phase pattern of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone mirrored the progesterone pattern, but the concentration was somewhat lower than for progesterone. All three steroid hormones measured decreased prior to the onset of the menstrual bleeding. Oestradiol (2.4–6.9 ng per 100 ml) dominated over oestrone (1–3.2 ng per 100 ml) in the follicular phase while the reverse was true during the luteal phase. The ratio of E2:E1 was 2:1 or higher in the follicular phase, but during the late luteal phase the ratio was reversed. The patterns of the three steroid hormones observed during the menstrual cycle were qualitatively similar to those reported in women, but quantitatively the oestrogen and progesterone levels were lower, while the levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were higher in the rhesus monkey.

The human corpus luteum secretes 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bäckström ◽  
Agneta Andersson ◽  
David T. Baird ◽  
Gunnar Selstam
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum ◽  
Venous Plasma

Abstract. A radioimmunoassay for 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (5α-DHP) in plasma is described. The concentration of 5α-DHP in peripheral plasma during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was of the same order of magnitude as that of progesterone (P). During the luteal phase, the plasma 5α-DHP was 8-fold higher than in the follicular phase and about 1/3 of the P concentration. The concentration of 5α-DHP in ovarian venous plasma draining an ovary containing the corpus luteum was 22-fold higher than the concentration in plasma from the contralateral ovarian vein. These results show that the corpus luteum secretes significant amounts of 5α-DHP.

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in the Blood of High-Yielding Dairy Cows at Selected Collection Sites in Various Disease States

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Wojciech Barański ◽  
Magdalena Gajęcka ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka ◽  
Magdalena Mróz ◽  
Ewa Onyszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hepatic Portal

Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites, alpha-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and beta-zearalenol (β-ZEL), are ubiquitous in plant materials used as feed components in dairy cattle diets. The aim of this study was to confirm the occurrence of ZEN and its selected metabolites in blood samples collected from different sites in the hepatic portal system (posthepatic–external jugular vein EJV; prehepatic–abdominal subcutaneous vein ASV and median caudal vein MCV) of dairy cows diagnosed with mastitis, ovarian cysts and pyometra. The presence of mycotoxins in the blood plasma was determined with the use of combined separation methods involving immunoaffinity columns, a liquid chromatography system and a mass spectrometry system. The parent compound was detected in all samples collected from diseased cows, whereas α-ZEL and β-ZEL were not identified in any samples, or their concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD). Zearalenone levels were highest in cows with pyometra, where the percentage share of average ZEN concentrations reached 44%. Blood sampling sites were arranged in the following ascending order based on ZEN concentrations: EJV (10.53 pg/mL, 44.07% of the samples collected from this site), ASV (14.20 pg/mL, 49.59% of the samples) and MCV (26.67 pg/mL, 67.35% of the samples). The results of the study indicate that blood samples for toxicological analyses should be collected from the MCV (prehepatic vessel) of clinically healthy cows and/or cows with subclinical ZEN mycotoxicosis. This sampling site increases the probability of correct diagnosis of subclinical ZEN mycotoxicosis.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

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