Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN CYCLING AND GONADOTROPHIN–PROSTAGLANDIN-TREATED HEIFERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
P. C. LAGUË ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Peak Level ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Mean

Progesterone levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay in blood samples obtained by venipuncture on the day of estrus and every alternate day until the onset of the next estrus in eight cycling dairy heifers. The mean level of progesterone was < 1 ng/ml during the first 2 days of the cycle, increased rapidly over the 4th–12th day period and reached a peak level value of 5.2 ± 1.1 ng/ml on day 14. Thereafter, the level declined rapidly to 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml on day 16 and then more gradually to 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml on day 21. In the second experiment, eight cycling heifers at diestrus were treated with gonadotrophin (2,000 IU PMSG or 1,000 IU PMSG + 1,000 IU HCG) followed 48 h later by 15 mg prostaglandin (PGF2α). Mid-ventral laparotomies were performed 4 days after the onset of estrus to observe ovarian activity. Progesterone levels were considerably higher in some animals and were slightly higher on the average after gonadotrophin treatments. The number of corpora lutea (CL) in these heifers ranged from 1 to 17. Progesterone levels of three heifers with 4–9 CL did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of three heifers with single CL. Two heifers each with 17 CL had peak progesterone levels of 38.4 and 27.8 ng/ml which were still high (9.6 and 26.5 ng/ml) by day 21. The remaining six heifers had low progesterone levels (< 1 ng/ml) by days 8–14, indicating premature regression of the CL. Thus, progesterone levels were not correlated with the number of CL.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 mg OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total oestrogens were performed in 6 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed by three cycles of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate continuously. The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. Two of the women showed a normal LH excretion pattern in all treatment cycles. The four other subjects also had periodical variations in the LH excretion but no distinct midcycle peaks occurred. The mean oestrogen excretion was increased in all three treatment cycles but the difference was satistically significant only in the last two cycles. Compared with the treatment cycles, the sum of progesterone values was significantly decreased in the first two cycles. Chlormadinone acetate in this dose had no thermogenic effect. Three of the subjects showed bleeding irregularities which had no clear connection with the hormone variations measured in the study. It is suggested that the low levels of progesterone might be due to a defective corpus luteum function.

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) AND PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA AND LH AND OESTROGENS IN URINE DURING 42 NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Peak

ABSTRACT The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were measured during the normal menstrual cycle of 22 young and healthy women. A total of 42 cycles were investigated. The urinary excretion of total oestrogens increased during several days before the rise of LH in the urine. The day of maximum excretion of LH and total oestrogens coincided during the midcycle period. The mid-cyclic rise in LH was found to occur on the same day in the plasma and urine and the days of maximum values coincided in 11 out of 16 cycles. In 5 cycles the maximum level was reached one day later in the urine. The plasma levels of progesterone started to increase during the LH and oestrogen peaks. The days for maximum levels of progesterone coincided with the second peak of urinary oestrogens. The levels of progesterone in the plasma reached values above 10 ng per ml in all normal cycles. The plasma levels of progesterone were below 1 ng per ml plasma when menstrual bleeding started. The length of the luteal phase was 14.4 ± 1.1 (s) days. The sum of daily urinary excretion of total oestrogens and the sum of the daily plasma progesterone levels varied within 15 per cent of the mean in five out of six women studied during more than two cycles. The variation in values for the sums of daily oestrogen excretion and plasma progesterone levels was considerably larger between menstrual cycles of different women than between menstrual cycles of the same woman.

Pre-puberal plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations and progesterone concentrations during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in Galway and Fingalway female lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Quirke ◽  
J. P. Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Female Sheep

ABSTRACTTwenty-four young female sheep, 12 Galways and 12 Fingalways, were used to study the effects of breed and level of nutrition on pre-puberal plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations throughout the oestrous cycle and during the first 35 days of pregnancy. The sheep were spring-born and were housed at the end of July when they weighed approx. 34 kg. Equal numbers of animals from each breed were fed on a concentrate diet either ad libitum or at a restricted level that was slightly above their estimated maintenance requirements. The Fingalways reached puberty 1 month earlier than the Galways (11 October ±4 days v. 10 November ±5 days). The restricted animals tended (P < 0·10) to reach puberty later than those fed ad libitum (1 November ±5 days v. 20 October ±4 days). Breed differences in the mean level of plasma progesterone on any day of the oestrous cycle were not significant. The mean daily plasma progesterone concentration was similar for the animals on the two planes of nutrition throughout the cycle, with the exception of day 11 when those fed ad libitum had a significantly higher level (P < 0·01). Plasma progesterone levels in the pregnant females between 5 and 35 days post mating were generally higher in Fingalways than in Galways and were not influenced by plane of nutrition. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels tended to be higher, during the 7 weeks before puberty, in Fingalways than in Galways and in animals fed ad libitum than in those on the restricted level of feeding.

THE INFLUENCE OF GILT AGE ON THE ENDOCRINE AND OVULATORY RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT DOSES OF ESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Phasic Release

Fifty-five prepubertal Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were randomly assigned to one of six treatments involving the injection (i.m.) of estradiol benzoate (EB) at either 10 or 20 μg kg−1 body weight at gilt ages of 130, 150 or 170 d. Blood samples were taken by jugular vein puncture at 0, 24, and 36 h, and then at 6-h intervals until 84 h, after injection and assayed for plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. The mean magnitude of the EB-induced LH peak was 6.1 ± 0.2 ng mL−1, and was not affected by treatment. Fifty-six percent of gilts ovulated in response to EB injection, and 34% had a subsequent ovulation. The initial ovulation rate was unaffected by EB dose, but was higher (P < 0.05) in 170 d (9.9 ± 1.0) compared to younger gilts (4.2 ± 1.1 and 5.5 ± 1.1 for 130-dand 150-d gilts, respectively). Subsequent ovulation rates were unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that EB treatment will usually induce a phasic release of LH from prepubertal gilts, but this release is not necessarily accompanied by normal estrous cyclicity. Key words: Estradiol, gilts, ovulation

Effect of pattern of lighting and time of birth on occurrence of puberty in female goat kids

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Amoah ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTThirty-six British Saanen female kids, born between either 20 March and 6 April (E) or 10 April and 16 June (L), were reared under three different patterns of lighting — a constant 18-h light: 6-h dark (C); or a weekly step-wise reduction from 18-h to 10-h light: 14-h dark over 10 weeks, commencing at either 6 (R6) or 10 (R10) weeks of age. Vasectomized males were used to test for oestrus; blood samples were collected to determine plasma progesterone concentration. Thirty-three goats attained puberty; all but two kids showed oestrus at first ovulation. The mean ( ± s.d.) age and live weight at puberty were 174·6 (± 4·1) and 141·7 (± 4·3) days (P < 0·001), and 28·6 (± 0·9) and 22·8 (± 1·0) kg (P < 0·001), for E and L treatments, respectively. For R6, R10 and C treatments, the ages and weights wer e 151·6 (± 4·7), 160·4 (± 5·2) and 164·7 (± 4·9) days (NS), respectively, and 24·5 (± 1·1), 25·3 (± 1·2) and 27·8 (± 1·1) kg (NS), respectively. A significant date of birth × lighting-pattern treatment interaction was found for date at puberty (P < 0·001), with puberty occurring earlier for E than L kids only when a reduction in daylength occurred. Puberty occurred earlier on R6 than R10 treatments only for L kids.

THE RESPONSIVENESS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND TO LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR IN RATS EXPOSED TO CONSTANT LIGHT

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. FINK
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Portal Vessel ◽  
Readily Releasable Pool ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

SUMMARY The responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH-RF) was tested in rats exposed to constant light. At a dosage of 50 ng LH-RF/ 100 g body wt the mean maximal increments in plasma LH and FSH were similar to those at 10.00 h of pro-oestrus. The increments in the plasma gonadotrophins at dosages of 500 and 1000 ng LH-RF/100 g body wt did not differ significantly from those at 250 ng LH-RF/ 100 g body wt. These findings suggest that, in contrast to rats which exhibit regular oestrous cycles, the preovulatory (post-coital) release of LH in rats exposed to constant light may depend almost entirely on the release of a relatively large amount of LH-RF into hypophysial portal vessel blood. Whereas in pro-oestrous animals a relatively small fraction of the readily releasable pool of LH is released during the spontaneous preovulatory surge, in rats exposed to constant light most releasable LH appears to be discharged during the reflex preovulatory surge of this hormone. The concentrations of radioimmunoassayable FSH in blood samples withdrawn before the injection of LH-RF support the view that FSH secretion in the rat is increased by constant exposure to light.

A note on the effect of contact with male goats on occurrence of puberty in female goat kids

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Amoah ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
October 17

ABSTRACTTwelve British Saanen female kids were exposed to male goats for 1 h daily on 29 July (Ml), 12 on 12 August (M2) and 12 on 27 October (M3), when the kids were, on average, (± s.d.) 136·4 (± 12·2), 150·2 (± 12·8) and 225·4 (± 3·5) days of age, respectively. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma progesterone concentrations from 17 July onwards. By 27 October, 11 and 12 kids from treatments Ml and M2 had attained puberty, compared with no kids from treatment M3. Ten kids from treatment M3 attained puberty after male introduction. The mean ages and dates at puberty for treatments Ml, M2 and M3, respectively, were as follows: 205·5, 215·3 and 233·0 days (P < 0·001); and 7 October, 17 October and 3 November (P < 0·001). The mean reaction interval to male introduction for treatments Ml, M2 and M3 was 69, 66 and 7 days (P < 0·001), respectively. The variances for the date of attainment of puberty showed differences in the degree of synchronization of the event between all three treatments.

FSH and LH receptor concentrations in large ovarian follicles of beef cows in high and low levels of body condition at nine weeks post partum

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Rhind ◽  
TA Bramley ◽  
IA Wright ◽  
SR McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Body Condition Scores

An experiment was conducted to determine whether or not the effect of body condition at parturition, and thereafter, on the duration of the post-partum anoestrous period was mediated through differences in gonadotrophin receptor concentrations in the ovarian follicles. Two groups of cows were fed to achieve body condition scores of > or = 2.75 (H; n = 14) or < or = 2.00 (L; n = 15) at parturition (this had led to differences in the duration of post-partum anoestrus in previous experiments) and then fed to maintain liveweight and condition until ovariectomy at nine weeks post partum. There was no effect of body condition on the mean (+/- s.e.) number of large (> or = 8 mm diameter) follicles per cow (3.0 +/- 0.27) but a greater proportion of the follicles of H cows, compared with L cows, was oestrogenic (secreting > 250 pg oestradiol h-1 in culture) (0.75 v. 0.5; chi 2 = 3.40; P = 0.06). Mean concentrations (pg hormone bound per mg protein) of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors in both granulosa (H, 157.3; L, 136.6; standard error of difference (s.e.d.) = 27.2) and thecal tissue (H, 4.14; L, 4.35; s.e.d. = 1.66) were similar for H and L cows. There was no difference associated with treatment in luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor concentrations in either granulosa (H, 40.3; L, 37.2; s.e.d. = 6.67) or thecal tissue (H, 48.9; L, 48.0; s.e.d. = 6.03). The concentration of FSH receptors in granulosa tissue was lower in non-oestrogenic follicles than in oestrogenic follicles (80.0 v. 188.1; s.e.d. = 40.4; P < 0.01).

Oestrus in relation to peak oestradiol levels in ovariectomized Galloway cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
A. O. Darwash ◽  
G. E. Lamming ◽  
L. M. Hicking
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Measured Dose ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol ◽  
Follicular Activity

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to characterize the variation in oestrous behaviour among ovariectomized cows in response to a measured dose of oestradiol benzoate (OB) . In study 1, nine ovariectomized Galloway cows, approximately 10 years old, were challenged with an intramuscular injection of either 0·25, 0·5 or 1·0 mg of OB. Following this, 0·5 mg OB was chosen as the appropriate dose required to induce oestrous behaviour in ovariectomized Galloway cows. In study 2, nine cows injected with 0·5 mg OB were monitored for oestrous behaviour using KAMAR® heat mount detectors. Blood samples for plasma oestradiol-17β (E2) assay were taken every 4 h between 0 to 72 h and once at 96 h, following OB administration. The plasma E2 concentrations between 0 to 96 h following OB administration differed significantly ( P < 0·001) among cows. The interval to peak E2 concentrations averaged 17·42 (s.e. 2·21) h and the mean peak E2 concentration was 5·86 (s.e. 0·57) ng/l. The mean interval from OB administration until onset of mounting activity was 24·57 (s.e.2·38) h and the duration of oestrus averaged 10·5 (s.e. 1·99) h . In all cows, mounting activity occurred following peak E2 concentrations after an average interval of 7·73 (s.e. 1·84) h. There was no significant association between peak E2 concentrations and the interval to onset of mounting activity or its duration. Since the variation among Galloway cows in the manifestation of behavioural oestrus was independent of systemic E2 concentrations, it implies that there are inherent differences between individuals in the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to physiological E2 thresholds. This may help to explain the incidence of silent ovulation in some animals and the occurrence of overt oestrus associated with follicular activity during the luteal phase of the cycle or during the various stages of pregnancy, in the presence of high plasma progesterone concentrations.

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