The mitogenic effects of corticotrophin-releasing factor on the anterior pituitary gland of the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McNicol ◽  
M. A. G. Kubba ◽  
E. McTeague
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Measurement Volume ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Related Increase

ABSTRACT The immunohistochemically defined corticotroph population in the anterior pituitary gland of the adult male Sprague–Dawley rat has been quantified at 2 and 6 weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy using the stereological measurement, volume density (Vv). An approximately twofold increase in corticotroph Vv was demonstrated at 2 weeks in adrenalectomized rats compared with that in sham-operated controls and this was maintained at 6 weeks. Daily i.p. injections of ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41) induced a significant dose-related increase in corticotroph Vv when administered at doses of 25 and 50 μg/kg body weight, but this was less than the increase following adrenalectomy. Assessment of changes in mitotic activity of the total anterior lobe of adult Sprague–Dawley rats and of the corticotroph population was also made after daily i.p. injections of 50 μg CRF-41/kg for 2 and 7 days. There was no increase in overall mitotic index at either time. However, the numbers of mitotic corticotrophs were significantly increased in CRF-injected animals compared with those in saline-injected rats. These results indicate a role for CRF-41 in the regulation of corticotroph growth. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 237–241

Effect of hypothalamic neuropeptides on corticotrophin release from quarters of rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Nicholson ◽  
T. E. Adrian ◽  
B. Gillham ◽  
M. T. Jones ◽  
S. R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Basal Release

ABSTRACT The effect of six hypothalamic peptides on the basal release of ACTH and that induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP) or by ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (oCRF) from fragments of the rat anterior pituitary gland incubated in vitro was investigated. Dose–response curves to AVP and to oCRF were obtained, and the response to a low dose of oCRF was potentiated by a low dose of AVP. Basal release of ACTH was not affected by any of the peptides in concentrations in the range 10−12 to 10−6 mol/l, and only substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SRIF) inhibited significantly the response to oCRF in a dose-related manner. The responses to a range of doses of oCRF or AVP were reduced by 10−8 and 10 − 6 mol SP or SRIF/1, and to a greater extent by the higher dose. Except in the case of 10−6 mol SRIF/1 on the response to AVP, the response was not further diminished by preincubation of the tissue with the peptide before the stimulating agent was added. The inhibition of the responses to AVP or oCRF by 10−9 mol SP/1 was not potentiated by its combination with either 5 × 10−10 or 10−8 mol SRIF/1; the inhibitory effects were merely additive. The results suggest that although SRIF and SP are able to modulate the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland, they do so only at a high concentration. In the case of SRIF these concentrations are several orders of magnitude higher than those reported to be present in the hypophysial portal blood and therefore a physiological role for this peptide in the control of ACTH secretion is unlikely. J. Endocr. (1984) 100, 219–226

Discovery of the luteinizing hormone of the anterior pituitary gland

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E818-E819 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maurice Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Classic Paper

This essay looks at the historical significance of an APS classic paper that is freely available online: Fevold HL, Hisaw FL, Leonard SL. The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis. Am J Physiol 97: 291—301, 1931 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/97/2/291 ).

scholarly journals Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia Impair the Cytological Structure of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
Ahmed MR Abdo ◽  
Mohamed E El-Beeh ◽  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Dina A El-badry ◽  
Hassan IH El-Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Cytological Picture

Increase consumption of high fat diet was found to alter blood sugar level similar to diabetes and contributed to the development of obesity and affected the reproductive function of both sexes. The study aimed to clarify the influence of diabetes and or hypercholesterolemia on the cytological picture of cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland of male albino rats. Eighteen male albino rats weighing approximately 120 gram body weight were divided into three main groups; control, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (single i.p. 40 mg streptozotocin/kg B.wt plus 100mg. nicotinamide /kg body weight) and hypercholesterolemia (diet containing 3% cholesterol). Dietary feeding on cholesterol and diabetes were carried out for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and pituitary glands were separated and their anterior lobe was processed for cytological investigations by transmission electron microscopy. The present study revealed that the rats subjected to experimental diabetes and/ or hypercholesterolemia exhibited a decrease of the secretory granules within the gonadotroph cells somatotroph and corticotrophin cells. There was a detected intracellular accumulation of fat globules in both the gonado- and sommatotroph cells. The authors reported that the altered cytological structures of the secretory function of the anterior pituitary gland led to marked impairment of the male hormonal level and causing infertility.

The value of the anterior pituitary gland in gynecology

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1153
Author(s):  
J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Early Puberty

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland in infantile animals leads to a cessation of the development of the gonads and growth, as well as to a number of metabolic changes. As shown by relevant studies, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces a hormone that gives a powerful impulse to the sex glands and causes all the phenomena of early puberty in infantile animals for several days.

Resistance exercise induces region-specific adaptations in anterior pituitary gland structure and function in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Shawn D. Flanagan ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
Jakob L. Vingren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
And Function

The anterior pituitary gland (AP) increases growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to resistance exercise (RE), but the nature of AP adaptations to RE is unknown. To that end, we examined the effects of RE on regional AP somatotroph GH release, structure, and relative quantity. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: 1) no training or acute exercise (NT-NEX); 2) no training with acute exercise (NT-EX); 3) resistance training without acute exercise (RT-NEX); 4) resistance training with acute exercise (RT-EX). RE incorporated 10, 1 m-weighted ladder climbs at an 85° angle. RT groups trained 3 days/wk for 7 wk, progressively. After death, trunk blood was collected, and each AP was divided into quadrants (ventral-dorsal and left-right). We measured: 1) trunk plasma GH; 2) somatotroph GH release; 3) somatotroph size; 4) somatotroph secretory content; and 5) percent of AP cells identified as somatotrophs. Trunk GH differed by group (NT-NEX, 8.9 ± 2.4 μg/l; RT-NEX, 9.2 ± 3.5 μg/l; NT-EX, 15.6 ± 3.4 μg/l; RT-EX, 23.4 ± 4.6 μg/l). RT-EX demonstrated greater somatotroph GH release than all other groups, predominantly in ventral regions ( P < 0.05-0.10). Ventral somatotrophs were larger in NT-EX and RT-NEX compared with RT-EX ( P < 0.05–0.10). RT-NEX exhibited significantly greater secretory granule content than all other groups but in the ventral-right region only ( P < 0.05–0.10). Our findings indicate reproducible patterns of spatially distinct, functionally different somatotroph subpopulations in the rat pituitary gland. RE training appears to induce dynamic adaptations in somatotroph structure and function.

THE REPAIR OF POST-PARTUM NECROSIS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Narrow Layer ◽  
Marginal Zones

ABSTRACT The healing of a post-partum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland begins at about 4 days. The first change is the formation of a narrow layer of secondary atrophy at the inner edge of the live margin zone. There is then an invasion of macrophages which clear the debris from the other marginal zones and finally penetrate to a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm into the infarct. The remaining part of the central dead area becomes condensed and hyalinised in the course of the subsequent year or two. In the healed stage the remnants of parenchyma must certainly be functioning to their maximum capacity but they do not show any very striking histological changes to correspond to this. The cellular pattern of these remnants can not be correlated with variations in the clinical or pathological picture of prolonged hypopituitarism.

Influence of Thyroid Function on the Metabolism of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold A. Levey ◽  
Sidney Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of

The weight and rate of oxygen consumption of the anterior pituitary gland of the male Sprague-Dawley rat were observed to decline with age. Thyroidectomy, administration of thiouracil or propylthiouracil, and castration significantly elevated pituitary weight, while all but the latter procedure resulted in increased oxygen consumption of this gland. Adrenalectomy was without effect in these respects. Pituitary hypertrophy after thyroidectomy was associated with hyperemia and increased water and protein content. No changes were observed in glucose utilization, lactate production, and levels of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the pituitary gland following thyroidectomy. Administration of thyroxine to thyroidectomized rats restored normal pituitary weight and respiratory activity. Diiodothyronine and triiodothyronine were somewhat less effective than thyroxine. Diiodotyrosine and potassium iodide were ineffective. The relationship of pituitary metabolism to protein hormone synthesis in this gland is discussed.

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND HORMONE PRODUCTION OF RAT HYPOPHYSIS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of the rat was studied in tissue culture. Oestrone, progesterone and androsterone did not have any effect on the growth. On the other hand, oestrogen-induced pituitary tumours in tissue culture grew more quickly in medium containing oestrone or androsterone. The anterior pituitary gland produced prolactin in vitro.

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