scholarly journals Expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in the female rat pituitary

2000 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vidal ◽  
A Roman ◽  
L Moya ◽  
K Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Almost All

3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3 beta-HSD) catalyses an essential step in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and is widely distributed in peripheral steroid target organs. The present report describes for first time the expression of this enzyme in the pituitary of female rats. Immunohistochemistry at the light microscopic level was performed on pro-oestrous and ovariectomized rat pituitaries. Immunoreactive cells were scattered and randomly distributed throughout the anterior lobe, whereas cells located in the posterior lobe and pars intermedia were immunonegative. Differences were observed in cell morphology and in the number of 3 beta-HSD-immunopositive cells between ovariectomized and pro-oestrous female rat pituitaries, suggesting that steroidogenic activity is affected by ovarian endocrine function. Apart from adenohypophyseal immunoreactive cells, 3 beta-HSD immunopositivity was also noted in endothelial cells of almost all pituitary capillaries located in the anterior and posterior lobes.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE RELATION OF THE PITUITARY BODY TO RENAL FUNCTION

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketil Motzfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Antidiuretic Effect ◽  
Small Doses

1. The inconstant results of past observations on the relation of pituitary extracts to renal activity have been due chiefly to unsuitable methods. 2. A standard curve of artificially induced polyuria may be plotted for rabbits, giving 200 cc. of water by mouth. 3. Extracts of the pars intermedia and posterior lobe of the hypophysis, given by mouth, subcutaneously, or intravenously, are able definitely to check polyuria thus induced. Extracts of the anterior lobe show a similar effect, but only to a slight degree. 4. This antidiuretic effect is constant, and is independent of (a) changes in blood pressure, (b) intestinal absorption, and (c) the vagi. The effect is apparently prevented or delayed by division of the splanchnics, and is diminished by division of the renal nerves near the hilus. 5. A similar antidiuretic property is possessed: (a) by ß-imidazolylethylamine, (b) by p-oxyphenylethylamine, (c) by a preparation from Secale cornutum, (d) by small doses of nicotine, (e) by large doses of caffeine, and (f) by extracts of the adrenal cortex. 6. No effect on the polyuria is produced: (a) by strychnine (b) by morphine, (c) by adrenalin, or by extracts of (d) thyroid, (e) thymus, (f) pineal, (g) pancreas, or (h) corpora lutea. 7. In animals under chloral or paraldehyde anesthesia a short and inconstant initial increase in flow of urine is seen. 8. The antidiuretic effect is absent or only slightly marked in checking the so called salt diuresis.

ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF SEX-DEPENDENT HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITIES IN RAT KIDNEY: NADP-DEPENDENT MICROSOMAL 3α- AND 20β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GHRAF ◽  
E. R. LAX ◽  
W. WAGNER ◽  
H. SCHRIEFERS
Keyword(s):  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The NADP-dependent microsomal kidney enzymes, 3α- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), which exhibit considerable sex differences in their activities (male: female activity ratios, 16:1 and 30:1 respectively), were investigated after interference with the pituitary–gonad and pituitary–adrenal systems. Prepubertal gonadectomy as well as hypophysectomy of mature male rats led to a decline in HSDH activity to almost that found in the normal female rat, whereas activities in female rats were unaffected. Testosterone induced typical male 3α-HSDH activity in both gonadectomized and hypophysectomized rats of either sex. Administration of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) or 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol to hypophysectomized male rats was equally effective in restoring full 3α- and 20β-HSDH activities whereas 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol was less effective and dehydroepiandrosterone was ineffective. Simultaneous administration of cyproterone acetate did not block the inductive action of 5α-DHT. Administration of chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin or a combination of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to hypophysectomized male rats all led to parallel increases in the weight of the seminal vesicles and in both renal enzyme activities; administration of growth hormone, prolactin or thyroid-stimulating hormone was ineffective. Adrenalectomy of gonadectomized, but not of hypophysectomized male rats, caused a further drop in activity to the normal female level. Adrenalectomy of otherwise intact rats did not affect either enzyme activity. The hypophysis was involved in the regulation of the two NADP-dependent renal HSDH activities through its gonadotrophic function in male rats; adrenal secretions were of little physiological significance.

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DIURETICS IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 903-911
Author(s):  
J. D. McColl ◽  
J. M. Parker ◽  
J. K.W. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Inhibitor Type ◽  
Almost All

The diuretic response of the male and the female rat to aminophylline has been studied when these animals were pretreated with various concentrations of sodium chloride solution. A linear log dose – response curve was obtained over the dose range employed with male rats pretreated with 0.45% and 2% saline. Male rats exhibited a diuresis with 4% saline which was not increased by aminophylline. Female rats showed diuresis but the responses were more variable for almost all combinations of electrolyte load and xanthine dose. When they were pretreated with 0.45% and 2% saline, aminophylline caused some additional production of urine but this was much less regular than that observed with males. The variation in response to aminophylline after 4% saline was very marked but the trend suggested that the xanthine had a diuretic effect at the high dose. The diuretic responses to a xanthine, a mercurial, and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor type of diuretic were compared in the male rat. Peak responses were smallest after the mercurial diuretic and greatest with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DIURETICS IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McColl ◽  
J. M. Parker ◽  
J. K.W. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Inhibitor Type ◽  
Almost All

The diuretic response of the male and the female rat to aminophylline has been studied when these animals were pretreated with various concentrations of sodium chloride solution. A linear log dose – response curve was obtained over the dose range employed with male rats pretreated with 0.45% and 2% saline. Male rats exhibited a diuresis with 4% saline which was not increased by aminophylline. Female rats showed diuresis but the responses were more variable for almost all combinations of electrolyte load and xanthine dose. When they were pretreated with 0.45% and 2% saline, aminophylline caused some additional production of urine but this was much less regular than that observed with males. The variation in response to aminophylline after 4% saline was very marked but the trend suggested that the xanthine had a diuretic effect at the high dose. The diuretic responses to a xanthine, a mercurial, and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor type of diuretic were compared in the male rat. Peak responses were smallest after the mercurial diuretic and greatest with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

scholarly journals Studies on the hypophysectomized ferret. VIII. -Effect of administration of anterior lobe extract, prolan, and the two combined

1933 ◽  
Vol 114 (787) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Urine Extract ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Pregnancy Urine

A number of workers have reported on replacement therapy in hypo-physectomized animals. Cushing (1912) found that pituitary transplantations prolonged the life of hypopsectomized dogs. Smith (1927) studying rats showed that the characteristic disabilities arising from hypophysectomy in rats could be completely, or almost completely, relieved by daily pituitary implants. On the other hand, intraperitoneal injections of saline extracts not only did not restore the atrophied sex organs, but prevented their repair by the pituitary implants, Putman, Teil and Benedict (1928) stated that growth was restored in hypophysectomized dogs and rats by alkaline extracts of pituitary tissue. Reichert (1928) reported successful replacement therapy in an hypophysectomized puppy with daily fresh heterotransplants of rabbit pituitary, and in a later paper (1929), growth in hypophysectomized puppies exceeding that of normal controls, after administration of Evans' extract. Reichert and others (1932) described prolan (pregnancy urine extract) as being ineffective in three hypophysectomized dogs and one rat. More recently Collip and others (1933, a, b, c ) have reported tire results of placental extracts on a large number of hypophysectomized rats. They confirmed Smith's earlier Endings (1927) and also stroked that tire response of tire hypophysectomized female rat to A. P. L. is conditioned by the state of the ovary at the time of operation. The placental material was found to lead to thecal luteinization both in the prepubertal and in the hypophysectomized animal, a conclusion reached earlier by Noguchi (1931). Collip and others were able to obtain follicle maturation and corpus luteum formation in hypophysectomized female rats by tire combination of A. P. L. and certain extracts of pituitary, and they assume that a "complementary substance" is furnished by the pituitary which cooperates with the placental substance in its action on the ovary. In two recent papers Smith and Leonard (1933) and Leonard and Smith (1933) have studied the action of a pregnancy urine extract in hypophysectomized male and female rats. In the male they obtained a beneficial effect on spermatogenesis as a result of treatment, and in the female a cornified vaginal smear and enlargement of the ovaries, which, however, decreased with continued injection. In recently operated animals there was hypertrophy of the interstitial cells and development of new corpora lutea where treatment was postponed some interstitial hypertrophy and often corpora lutea formation occurred. The present paper deals with results of treatment of 7 hypophysectomized ferrets with: (1) an anterior pituitary extract; (2) pregnancy urine extract; and (3) the two combined.

Immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein within the prolactin-producing cells of the rat anterior pituitary gland

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kizuki ◽  
A. Kitagawa ◽  
M. Takahashi ◽  
H. Moriya ◽  
M. Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The localization of tissue kallikrein in the pituitary gland of rats was investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using antiserum against rat urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein-positive cells were detected in the anterior lobe of the pituitary of both male and female rats, but were not observed in the posterior lobe of the pituitary in either sex. The kallikrein-positive cells in the anterior pituitary of female rats in oestrus were found to correspond to the prolactin-producing cells, whereas the cells producing GH, LH and ACTH were negative for kallikrein. It is possible, therefore, that the tissue kallikrein may be involved in the production of prolactin and not that of the other anterior pituitary hormones, such as GH, LH, FSH, ACTH and TSH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 317–323

CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF THE LOBES OF THE PITUITARY GLAND AND IN THE WEIGHT AND WATER CONTENT OF ORGANS OF RATS GIVEN HYPERTONIC SALINE

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. DUCHEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Posterior Lobe

SUMMARY The volume of the various lobes of the pituitary gland were measured in rats which were given 2% sodium chloride to drink instead of water. The volume of the posterior lobe was increased by 60% after 11 days on saline. The volume of the anterior lobe was slightly decreased but the volume of the pars intermedia was not changed. There was a marked loss of body weight in animals which were given saline and a marked reduction in the weight of the whole pituitary, liver and thyroid.

THE HORMONAL REGULATION OF HEPATIC MICROSOMAL 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Rodney Lax ◽  
Rüdiger Ghraf ◽  
Herbert Schriefers
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male Animal ◽  
Male Activity

ABSTRACT Hepatic microsomal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is higher in male than in female rat liver. Gonadectomy on day 25 of life only affects the activity in the adult male animal, causing a decrease towards the normal female level. Administration of testosterone to gonadectomized rats of either sex causes the induction of typical male activity levels. On the basis of these experiments, this enzyme activity may be classified as androgen-dependent. However, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase differs from other known androgen-dependent activities in that administration of oestradiol to gonadectomized animals of either sex causes a further significant repression of the activity to levels close to the limits of detection. Hypophysectomy on day 50 of life does not affect the activity in 75 day-old male rats, but causes the appearance of typically male activity levels in females. These results indicate that the hypophysis exerts a repressive influence on hepatic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in female rats. The fact that this activity is not influenced by androgen or oestrogen administration once the pituitary has been removed demonstrates the obligatory role of the hypophysis for sex hormone action.

Ultrastructural investigation of an adenoma of the pituitary post mortem

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
W. C. deMendonca
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Close Apposition ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission

The deleterious effect of post mortem degeneration results in a progressive loss of ultrastructural detail. This had led to reluctance (if not refusal) to examine autopsy material by means of transmission electron microscopy. Nevertheless, Johannesen has drawn attention to the fact that a sufficient amount of significant features may be preserved in order to enable the establishment of a definitive diagnosis, even on “graveyard” tissue.Routine histopathology of the autopsy organs of a woman of 78 showed the presence of a well circumscribed adenoma in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The lesion came into close apposition to the pars intermedia. Its architecture was more compact and less vascular than that of the anterior lobe. However, there was some grouping of the cells in relation to blood vessels. The cells tended to be smaller, with a higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio. The cytoplasm showed a paucity of granules. In some of the cells, it was eosinophilic.

OXYDATION DES ANABOLIKUMS 1-METHYL-ANDROST-1-EN-17β-OL-3-ON MIT WASSERSTOFFTRANSFER AUF ÖSTRON

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Androgen Effects ◽  
Biochemical Difference

ABSTRACT With the aid of metenolon-17α-T a tritium-transfer to oestrone in rat liver slices was demonstrated. This tritium-transfer from metenolon17α-T to oestrone yielding tritium-labelled oestradiol had a higher efficiency in male than in female rat liver. Correspondingly in the presence of metenolon the relation of oestrone to oestradiol is changed more in male than in female rat liver. Looking for biochemical differences between the anabolic steroid metenolon and testosterone the oxydation at C17 was measured in different organs of the rat using 17α-T-labelled steroids. The highest oxydation rate was found for both steroids in the liver. In the sexual organs of male rats the oxydation rate of testosterone was 50–10 times higher than that of the anabolic steroid. This difference was less in sexual organs of female rats. This result of a greater biochemical difference between both steroids in males than in females leads to the question, whether the dissociation between the anabolic and the androgen effects is higher in males than in females.

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