Difficulties in assessing the severity of liver dysfunction for obstructive jaundice

A literature review is devoted to the current classifications of liver failure that occurs in obstructive jaundice. Modern methods of diagnosis and criteria for determining the time of development and assessing the severity of this disease, model assessment and prognosis of acute liver failure are also considered. Attention is paid to assessing the severity and determining the timing of the development of liver failure in extrahepatic cholestasis. In addition, there is no common understanding of the role of liver compensatory mechanisms involved in the development of this condition. There are no generally accepted views on the surgical tactics of treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice complicated by liver failure. The limits of application of step-by-step treatment of patients with neoplastic obstructive jaundice have not been reliably determined. All these issues require further research, search for universal tools for assessing liver failure, predicting postoperative complications for choosing the optimal surgical treatment tactics.

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Predictive role of perioperative platelet count on posthepatectomy liver failure and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1612829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (01) ◽

pp. E2-E89

Author(s):

M Golriz ◽

O Ghamarnejad ◽

E Khajeh ◽

K Hoffmann ◽

A Mehrabi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Posthepatectomy Liver Failure ◽

Predictive Role

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Modern methods of treating rosacea

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-7(382)-65-71 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

O. A. Egorova ◽

K. A. Novikov

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Current Data ◽

Trigger Factors ◽

Laser Technology ◽

Individual Approach ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Methods Of Treatment ◽

Choice Of Therapy

Presented current data on the etiology of rosacea, the main aspects of pathogenesis, clinical forms of the disease. Reflects trigger factors leading to rosacea, as well as complicating its course. Modern methods of treatment are described, including the use of new safe preparations of ivermectin and brimonidine, providing a good, lasting effect of clinical manifestations of rosacea. The role of laser technology, actively occupying a leading place in the choice of physiotherapeutic treatment method, is noted. The need for an individual approach in the choice of therapy for each patient with rosacea is emphasized.

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The Role of miR-124 in Drosophila Alzheimer's Disease Model by Targeting Delta in Notch Signaling Pathway

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524016666151123114608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 980-989 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Y. Kong ◽

J. Wu ◽

D. Zhang ◽

C. Wan ◽

L. Yuan

Keyword(s):

Notch Signaling ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Disease Model ◽

Notch Signaling Pathway

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Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA

Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice ◽

10.1093/police/paaa087 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Williams ◽

Craig Paterson

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Conceptual Understanding ◽

Critical Question ◽

Police Reform ◽

Liberal Democratic ◽

The Usa ◽

Anglo American ◽

The Uk ◽

Common Understanding

Abstract The increase in calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems emerged from locally administered structures and Anglo-American policing models continue to be aligned, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal, and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. However, at a time when society is reimagining itself and technology, government, and nations are radically re-shaping themselves, a critical question is whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing to support its development rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering the current calls for reform of policing in the USA and other western democratic states. The article argues that there is an urgent need to reconsider how we conceptualize policing and its relationship with social development.

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Pathogenic and Compensatory Mechanisms in Epidermis of Sphingomyelin Synthase 2-Deficient Mice

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000515608 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Shota Sakai ◽

Asami Makino ◽

Akihito Nishi ◽

Takeshi Ichikawa ◽

Tadashi Yamashita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membranes ◽

Lamellar Body ◽

Lipid Mediator ◽

Permeability Barrier ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Terrestrial Environment ◽

Sphingomyelin Synthase ◽

Epidermal Permeability Barrier ◽

Deficient Mice

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a constituent of cellular membranes, while ceramides (Cer) produced from SM on plasma membranes serve as a lipid mediator that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the skin, SM also is a precursor of Cer, an important constituent of epidermal permeability barrier. We investigated the role of epidermal SM synthase (SMS)2, an isoform of SMS, which modulates SM and Cer levels on plasma membranes. Although SMS2-knockout (SMS2-KO) mice were not neonatal lethal, an ichthyotic phenotype with epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis was evident at birth, which persisted until 2 weeks of age. These mice showed abnormal lamellar body morphology and secretion, and abnormal extracellular lamellar membranes in the stratum corneum. These abnormalities were no longer evident by 4 weeks of age in SMS2-KO mice. Our study suggests that (1) exposure to a dry terrestrial environment initiates compensatory responses, thereby normalizing epidermal ichthyotic abnormalities and (2) that a nonlethal gene abnormality can cause an ichthyotic skin phenotype.

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Role of Integrated Functional Assessment Pathway Using 99m Tc -Mebrofinate SPECT-CT Scan, ICG, Elastography and HVPG in Patients at Risk of Post Hepatectomy Liver Failure

HPB ◽

10.1016/j.hpb.2020.11.091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. S38

Author(s):

B.V. Dasari ◽

P. Kadam ◽

K.J. Roberts ◽

R.P. Sutcliffe ◽

N. Chatzizacharias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Functional Assessment ◽

Patients At Risk

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Dual Role of Interleukin-10 in Murine NZB/W F1 Lupus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1347

Author(s):

Anaïs Amend ◽

Natalie Wickli ◽

Anna-Lena Schäfer ◽

Dalina T. L. Sprenger ◽

Rudolf A. Manz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Disease Model ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Murine Lupus ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

In Vivo Effects

As a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 is crucial in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, in human and murine lupus, its role remains controversial. Our aim was to understand regulation and immunologic effects of IL-10 on different immune functions in the setting of lupus. This was explored in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice in vitro and vivo to understand IL-10 effects on individual immune cells as well as in the complex in vivo setting. We found pleiotropic IL-10 expression that largely increased with progressing lupus, while IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) levels remained relatively stable. In vitro experiments revealed pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-10 effects. Particularly, IL-10 decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and slowed B cell proliferation, thereby triggering plasma cell differentiation. The frequent co-expression of ICOS, IL-21 and cMAF suggests that IL-10-producing CD4 T cells are important B cell helpers in this context. In vitro and in vivo effects of IL-10 were not fully concordant. In vivo IL-10R blockade slightly accelerated clinical lupus manifestations and immune dysregulation. Altogether, our side-by-side in vitro and in vivo comparison of the influence of IL-10 on different aspects of immunity shows that IL-10 has dual effects. Our results further reveal that the overall outcome may depend on the interplay of different factors such as target cell, inflammatory and stimulatory microenvironment, disease model and state. A comprehensive understanding of such influences is important to exploit IL-10 as a therapeutic target.

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