scholarly journals X-ray surgery for benign biliary strictures after cholecystectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
O. I. Okhotnikov ◽  
M. V. Yakovleva ◽  
O. S. Gorbacheva
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Biliodigestive Anastomosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Benign Biliary Strictures

Aim.To determine the role of antegrade X-ray surgical interventions in the treatment of benign postoperative biliary strictures.Material and methods.A retrospective analysis of treatment of 36 patients with benign biliary strictures was performed. Isolated stricture of biliodigestive anastomosis was diagnosed in 25 cases, partial clipping of common hepatic duct proximal to biliodigestive anastomosis – in 3 cases, partial clipping of bile duct – in 3 patients, isolated biliary strictures – in 5 patients including 4 of them with stricture within previously deployed T-shaped drainage. At the first stage, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy was performed. According to antegrade cholangiography data, structure type “+1, +2” by H. Bismuth classification in modification of E. I. Galperin was diagnosed in 16 (55.2%) patients, proximal biliary strictures (“0”–“−2”) in 13 patients. Three patients with partial clipping of common bile duct and 4 patients with benign biliary stricture in the area of previously deployed T-shaped drainage were not classified. Recanalization of strictures by “catheter-guide” system was followed by antegrade dilatation of the stricture. Final stage was frame external-internal drainage for 6–12 months with stepwise redo balloon dilatation every 3 months (35 patients). The criterion for the end of minimally invasive treatment was the absence of balloon waist in the stricture zone observed during the next procedure but not earlier than in 6 months from primary balloon dilatation. Surgical correction was indicated for recurrent stricture.Results.Direct technical success was achieved in 35 patients. There was 1 case of recurrent strictures within 1 year among 3 cases of primary repair of biliary strictures in the area of previously installed T-shaped drainage. Resection of common bile duct stricture was followed by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Recurrence-free period among 36 patients ranged from 1 to 10 years, median – 56 months. There were no mortality and complications after X-ray surgery.Conclusion.Antegrade recanalization and balloon dilatation of the stricture followed by long-term external-internal biliodigestive frame drainage are effective for both stricture of biliodigestive anastomosis and partial clipping of bile duct. Conventional surgical procedures should be preferred for cicatricial strictures of extrahepatic bile ducts after previous T-shaped drainage deployment.

scholarly journals Extraluminal recanalization for postoperative biliary obstruction using transseptal needle

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Horinouchi ◽  
Eisuke Ueshima ◽  
Keitaro Sofue ◽  
Shohei Komatsu ◽  
Takuya Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Drainage Tube ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Hepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Benign Biliary Strictures ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Postoperative biliary strictures are commonly related to accidental bile duct injuries or occur at the site of biliary anastomosis. The first-line treatment for benign biliary strictures is endoscopic therapy, which is less invasive and repeatable. However, recanalization for biliary complete obstruction is technically challenging to treat. The present report describes a successful case of treatment by extraluminal recanalization for postoperative biliary obstruction using a transseptal needle. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman had undergone caudal lobectomy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The posterior segmental branch of the bile duct was injured and repaired intraoperatively. Three months after the surgery, the patient had developed biliary leakage from the right hepatic bile duct, resulting in complete biliary obstruction. Since intraluminal recanalization with conventional endoscopic and percutaneous approaches with a guidewire failed, extraluminal recanalization using a transseptal needle with an internal lumen via percutaneous approach was performed under fluoroscopic guidance. The left lateral inferior segmental duct was punctured, and an 8-F transseptal sheath was introduced into the ostium of right hepatic duct. A transseptal needle was advanced, and the right hepatic duct was punctured by targeting an inflated balloon that was placed at the end of the obstructed right hepatic bile duct. After confirming successful puncture using contrast agent injected through the internal lumen of the needle, a 0.014-in. guidewire was advanced into the right hepatic duct. Finally, an 8.5-F internal–external biliary drainage tube was successfully placed without complications. One month after the procedure, the drainage tube was replaced with a 10.2-F drainage tube to dilate the created tract. Subsequent endoscopic internalization was performed 5 months after the procedure. At the 1-year follow-up examination, there was no sign of biliary obstruction and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions Recanalization using a transseptal needle can be an alternative technique for rigid biliary obstruction when conventional techniques fail.

scholarly journals When It Doesn't Fit: Congenital Anomalies of the Choledochus

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. e86-e89
Author(s):  
Helena Reusens ◽  
Mark Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Cystic Dilatation ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Distal Common Bile Duct

Abstract Introduction Congenital choledochal malformations (CCMs) are characterized by intra- and/or extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Five basic types (1–5) are recognized in Todani's classification and its modifications, of which types 1 and 4 typically have an associated anomalous pancreatobiliary junction and common channel (CC). We describe two cases with previously undescribed features. Case Report 1 Antenatal detection of a cyst at porta hepatis was made in an otherwise normal girl of Iranian parentage. She was confirmed to be a CCM (20 mm diameter), postnatally, with no evidence of obstruction. Surgical exploration was performed at 12 weeks. She had an isolated cystic dilatation of the right-hepatic duct only. The left-hepatic duct and common bile duct (CBD) were normal without a CC. Histology of the resected specimen showed stratified squamous epithelium. Case Report 2 A preterm (31 weeks of gestation) boy of Nigerian parentage was presented. His mother was HIV + ve and he was treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors following birth. He had persistent cholestatic jaundice and a dilated (10 mm) bile duct from birth. Although the jaundice resolved, the dilatation persisted and increased, coming to surgery aged 2.5 years. This showed cystic dilatation confined to the common hepatic duct, and otherwise normal distal common bile duct and no CC. Result Both underwent resection with the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction to the transected right-hepatic duct alone in case 1, leaving the preserved left duct and CBD in continuity, and to the transected common hepatic duct in case 2. Conclusions Neither choledochal anomaly fitted into the usual choledochal classification and case 1 appears unique in the literature.

The Value of Cholangiography through Jackson-Pratt Drains in the Management of Postoperative Biliary Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Igor B. Macedo ◽  
Victor J. Casillas ◽  
James S. Davis ◽  
Joe U. Levi ◽  
Danny Sleeman
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Biliary Reconstruction ◽  
Biliary Injury ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Distal Common Bile Duct ◽  
Potential Benefits

Iatrogenic biliary injury is the most significant complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We present our experience with an alternative diagnostic approach using transcatheter cholangiography (TCC) through a Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain and discuss potential benefits and limitations of the technique. From March 2002 to February 2012, 40 patients with major postoperative biliary injury underwent biliary reconstruction at our institution. Mean age was 51.7 ± 18.1 years (range, 19 to 86 years) with 30 (75%) females. Seventeen (42.5%) injuries were detected intraoperatively and in 13 (32.5%) cases, JP drains were placed for biliary drainage. Lesions were classified according to Bismuth grade: I (10 patients [25%]), II (10 patients [25%]), III (six patients [15%]), IV (10 patients [25%]), and V (four patients [10%]). TCC was performed in seven patients with JP drains (53.8%). It fully defined the injury site in three cases of limited magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) such as common hepatic duct and common bile duct leaks and in four cases (57.1%) that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was limited as a result of clipping of the distal common bile duct. TCC showed promising results in cases of limited MRCP and ERCP such as fistulous orifices or leakage. It may represent an alternative adjunct in the diagnostic armamentarium of complex biliary injuries.

scholarly journals Hepatolitiasis: Kasus Serial di RSUD Dr. Soetomo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Mahayasa ◽  
Tommy Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Hepatic Bile Duct

Latar Belakang: hepatolitiasis adalah batu empedu pada saluran empedu liver dengan insidensi 20-30% dari semua pasien yang menjalani operasi untuk penyakit batu empedu. Ada beberapa pilihan operasi hepatolitiasis, seperti hepatektomi, eksplorasi common bile duct (CBD), dan drainase saluran intrahepatik atau cholangioenterostomy (access loop procedures), dan teknik perkutaneus. Pada laporan kasus serial ini, akan dibahas aspek pemilihan operasi pada pasien dengan hepatolitiasis. Kasus: kasus pertama adalah laki-laki, 60 tahun, dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo dengan nyeri abdomen kuadran kanan atas sejak 2 minggu. Diagnosis dengan USG (ultrasonografi) abdomen dan MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) menunjukkan terdapat beberapa batu di IHBD (intra hepatic bile duct), CHD (common hepatic duct), CBD, GB (gall bladder), dan sistem bilier yang melebar. Pada pasien dilakukan tindakan kolesistektomi, eksplorasi duktus, dan by pass bilio-digestive Roux en Y (access loop procedures). Kasus kedua adalah perempuan, 45 tahun, dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo dengan didiagnosis batu IHBD dan CBD. Penderita telah dilakukan kolesistektomi sejak 12 tahun yang lalu. Durante operasi ditemukan atrofi lobus kiri hati. Pada pasien, dilakukan operasi dengan eksplorasi duktus, by pass bilio-digestive Roux en Y (access loop procedures), dan hepatektomi lobus kiri. Simpulan: kasus hepatolitiasis jarang terjadi di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Diagnosis lengkap memerlukan kombinasi modalitas pencitraan. Pembedahan tetap menjadi pilihan utama pengobatan definitif. Menurut strategi terapeutik saat ini untuk hepatolitiasis, hepatektomi tampaknya merupakan pengobatan yang paling efektif untuk pasien dengan hepatolitiasis kiri yang terisolasi jika prosedur pembedahan lain tidak dapat mengatasi semua lesi terkait. Perawatan yang baik dapat memberikan luaran yang baik.

scholarly journals Right Hepatic Artery: A Cadaver Investigation and Its Clinical Significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Dandekar ◽  
Kundankumar Dandekar ◽  
Sushama Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Right Hepatic Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The right hepatic artery is an end artery and contributes sole arterial supply to right lobe of the liver. Misinterpretation of normal anatomy and anatomical variations of the right hepatic artery contribute to the major intraoperative mishaps and complications in hepatobiliary surgery. The frequency of inadvertent or iatrogenic hepatobiliary vascular injury rises with the event of an aberrant anatomy. This descriptive study was carried out to document the normal anatomy and different variations of right hepatic artery to contribute to existing knowledge of right hepatic artery to improve surgical safety. This study conducted on 60 cadavers revealed aberrant replaced right hepatic artery in 18.3% and aberrant accessory right hepatic artery in 3.4%. Considering the course, the right hepatic artery ran outside Calot’s triangle in 5% of cases and caterpillar hump right hepatic artery was seen in 13.3% of cases. The right hepatic artery (normal and aberrant) crossed anteriorly to the common hepatic duct in 8.3% and posteriorly to it in 71.6%. It has posterior relations with the common bile duct in 16.7% while in 3.4% it did not cross the common hepatic duct or common bile duct. The knowledge of such anomalies is important since their awareness will decrease morbidity and help to keep away from a number of surgical complications.

scholarly journals Metastatic Neoplasms of the Large Bile Ducts- A Clinicopathological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
A Verma ◽  
I Nalbantoglu ◽  
A Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Primary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Treatment Considerations

Abstract Introduction/Objective Biliary strictures are often considered malignant until proven otherwise. While the majority of malignant biliary strictures represent a primary neoplasm, secondary involvement by metastasis also rarely occurs. Primary cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic disease have different treatment considerations and likely different prognoses. The aim of this study is to look at the clinico-pathological characteristics of metastatic neoplasms of the bile duct. Methods/Case Report We retrospectively searched the pathology archives for biliary biopsies between 1991-2020. Patients with primary biliary, gallbladder, pancreatic, ampullary and hepatic malignancies and all cases of lymphoma were excluded from the study. A total of 20 cases were included. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The median age of the patients was 63 years with a M:F ratio of 1.9:1. The biopsies were taken from the common bile duct (n=17), common hepatic duct (n=2) and left hepatic duct (n=1). 8 patients had synchronous and 12 had metachronous presentation. The overall median interval between the bile duct metastasis and primary was 18 months (Range: 0-100 months) for all patients and 33 months for metachronous cases. For 13 tumors, the primary site of origin was in the gastrointestinal tract (colon: 7; stomach: 4; anal canal: 1; gastro-esophageal junction: 1). Other primary sites included breast (3 cases), lung, endometrium and adrenal (1 each). One case presented with metastatic melanoma with an occult primary. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype seen in 17 cases. Other histological subtypes were squamous cell carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and melanoma. Conclusion Secondary involvement of the bile duct by metastasis is rare. Most cases are metastasis from the lumenal gastrointestinal tract, with colon being the most common primary site. They are more likely to have a metachronous presentation with rare instances of bile duct metastasis as the first presentation. Awareness of secondary involvement of the biliary tree by metastasis is important as they can have prognostic and therapeutic significance.

scholarly journals Photodynamic therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using digital cholangioscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Ottoboni BRUNALDI ◽  
José Eduardo BRUNALDI ◽  
José Dirceu VOLLET-FILHO ◽  
Mariangela Ottoboni BRUNALDI ◽  
José Celso ARDENGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm that usually requires palliative biliary drainage. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been described as a successful adjunct treatment to malignant biliary obstruction. Aim: To describe the use of digital cholangioscope to help provide laser light during biliary PDT session using locally developed light source. Method: Patient receives intravenous photosensitizer 24 h before the procedure. It starts with a regular duodenoscopy. After identification of the major papilla and retrograde cannulation, the digital cholangioscope is introduced into the common bile duct. Then, the cholangioscopic examination helps to identify the neoplastic stricture. Under direct visualization lighting catheter is advanced through the cholangioscope. Repositioning is recommended every centimeter to cover all strictured area. At the end of the procedure, a final cholangioscopy assesses the bile duct for the immediate result and adverse events. Result: This procedure was applied in one 82-year-old male due to obstructive jaundice in the last two months. EUS and ERCP revealed a severe dilation of the common bile duct associated with choledocholithiasis. Besides, was revealed dilation of hepatic duct up to a well-circumscribed hypoechoic solid mass measuring 1.8x2 cm compressing the common hepatic duct. The mass was deemed unresectable and the patient was referred for palliative treatment with PDT. He remained asymptomatic for three months. He perished due to complications 15 months after the PDT session. Conclusion: Digital cholangioscopy-guided biliary PDT is feasible and seems safe and effective as an adjunct modality in the palliation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Strategies for Management of Bile Duct Injury During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Aoki ◽  
Akihiko Tsuchida ◽  
Hitoshi Saito ◽  
Yuichi Nagakawa ◽  
Keiichi Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Duct Injury ◽  
Cystic Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Tube Drainage ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Aberrant Bile Duct

We encountered 10 patients with bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Their causes were electrocautery in 2 patients, misjudgment in 2, mechanical injury in 3, aberrant bile duct in 2, and weakness of the bile duct wall in one. The sites of injury were cystic duct in 4 patients, common bile duct in 2, aberrant bile duct in 2, common hepatic duct in one, and common bile duct plus right hepatic duct in one. Treatments for the injuries discovered intraoperatively consisted of T-tube drainage above in 2 patients, re-ligation of the cystic duct in one, ligation of an aberrant bile duct in one, simple suture and T-tube in one, and choledochojejunostomy in one. In the remaining 4 patients discovered postoperatively, 2 were conservatively treated by endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage. The duration of hospitalization was 9–12 days in the 4 patients with simple suture or ligation, 10–21 days in 2 cases of bile drainage, and 34–43 days in 3 with T-tube drainage. The patient with choledochojejunostomy suffered repeated cholangitis, resulting in hepatic abscess with hospitalization for 6 months. Since laparoscopic surgery should be minimally invasive, meticulous attention is necessary before and during surgery to avoid bile duct injury.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Ultrasonography Assessment for Ampullary and Bile Duct Malignancy

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. L. Zhang ◽  
W. D. Nian ◽  
L. P. Zhang ◽  
J. Y. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasonography ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Bile Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Ampullary Carcinoma ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Duct Carcinoma

From 1989 through 1992, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was undertaken preoperatively to evaluate the extent of primary tumor, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and distant metastases in 22 patients with ampullary carcinoma and 18 patients with bile duct carcinoma. The results were compared with histopathological findings according to the TNM staging system. The accurate rate in assessing the extent of cancer invasion was 82% for ampullary carcinoma, 66% for common hepatic duct carcinoma, and 78% for common bile duct carcinoma. The accuracy of EUS in predicting regional lymph node metastasis was 59% for ampullary carcinoma, 56% for common hepatic duct carcinoma, and 67% for common bile duct carcinoma. Invasion of the portal vein was correctly predicted by EUS in 2 of 3 patients. None of the 3 patients with liver metastasis was detected by EUS. Therefore, endoscopic ultrasonography is an effective method in the evaluation of the extent of cancer invasion of ampullary and bile duct carcinoma as well as the involvement of regional lymph nodes preoperatively. However, due to its limited penetration depth, EUS is inadequate in the assessment of liver metastasis.

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