Background:
Silencing of several genes is critical for cancer therapy. These
genes may be apoptotic gene, cell proliferation gene, DNA synthesis gene, etc. The two
subunits of Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR), RRM1 and RRM2, are critical for DNA synthesis.
Hence, targeting the blockage of DNA synthesis at tumor site can be a smart mode
of cancer therapy. Specific targeting of blockage of RRM2 is done effectively by SiRNA.
The drawbacks of siRNA delivery in the body include the poor uptake by all kinds of cells,
questionable stability under physiological condition, non-target effect and ability to trigger
the immune response. These obstacles may be overcome by target delivery of siRNA at the
tumor site. This review presents a holistic overview regarding the role of RRM2 in controlling
cancer progression. The nanoparticles are more effective due to specific characteristics
like cell membrane penetration capacity, less toxicity, etc. RRM2 have been found to be
elevated in different types of cancer and identified as the prognostic and predictive marker
of the disease. Reductase RRM1 and RRM2 regulate the protein and gene expression of
E2F, which is critical for protein expression and progression of cell cycle and cancer. The
knockdown of RRM2 leads to apoptosis via Bcl2 in cancer. Both Bcl2 and E2F are critical
in the progression of cancer, hence a gene that can affect both in regulating DNA replication
is essential for cancer therapy.
Aim:
The aim of the review is to identify the related gene whose silencing may inhibit cancer
progression.
Conclusion:
In this review, we illuminate the critical link between RRM-E2F, RRM-Bcl2,
RRM-HDAC for the therapy of cancer. Altogether, this review presents an overview of all
types of SiRNA targeted for cancer therapy with special emphasis on RRM2 for controlling
the tumor progression.
Role of inorganic nanoparticle degradation in cancer therapy