scholarly journals Pensar el pasado para adaptarse al cambio climático. El aporte necesario de la historia ambiental latinoamericana/ Thinking about the past in order to adapt to climate change. The necessary contribution from Latin American environmental history

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Katherinne Giselle Mora Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Academic World ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

Este artículo resalta la necesidad de involucrar a la historia en la construcción de estrategias adaptativas para el presente y el futuro. También presenta un balance sobre algunas de las reflexiones sobre la adaptación frente al cambio climático en perspectiva histórica, principalmente desde el mundo anglosajón, pero con trabajos pioneros para América Latina. El texto invita a ir más allá de las historias de coyunturas y fracasos, para reconstruir visiones de mediano y largo plazo sobre la relación clima-sociedad, que incluyan los casos en los cuales el resultado no fue fatídico. Por último, señala algunas tareas y metodologías que los historiadores ambientales latinoamericanos pueden incluir en sus agendas investigativas. Abstract This article highlights how important is the participation of history in the design of adaptive strategies for the present and future. Also, it does a balance about some reflections on adaptation to climate change in historical perspective, mainly from the Anglo-Saxon academic world, but with some exceptions from Latin America. The article is an invitation to go beyond the stories of conjuncture and failures, to reconstruct medium and long-term visions about the relationship between climate and society, which include the cases in which the result was not fateful. Finally, it indicates some tasks and methodologies for research agendas of environmental historians in Latin America.

scholarly journals GASTO PÚBLICO Y CRECIMIENTO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: LA LEY DE WAGNER Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE KEYNES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (316) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo ◽  
Francisco López Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p>Se analiza la relación del crecimiento económico con el gasto público de 16 países latinoamericanos de 1990 a 2017. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre el tema enfocándose en la región. Los resultados de un modelo para paneles cointegrados respaldan la ley de Wagner en el largo plazo y brindan evidencia parcial a favor de las hipótesis de Keynes en el corto plazo.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">PUBLIC SPENDING AND GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA:</p><p align="center">WAGNER´S LAW AND KEYNES’S HYPOTHESIS<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The relationship between economic growth and public spending in 16 Latin American countries from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed. This paper contributes to the literature on the subject focusing on the region. The results from a model of cointegrated panels support Wagner’s Law in the long term and provides partial evidence in favor of the Keynesian hypotheses in the short term.</p>

scholarly journals CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO Y DESIGUALDAD EN ASIA, EUROPA Y AMÉRICA LATINA, 1990-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (315) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Verónica Cerezo García ◽  
Heri Oscar Landa Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sample Set

<p>El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la liberalización comercial sobre la productividad, la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico, además de examinar la capacidad de absorción que este proceso ha concedido a los países ante choques externos, como el Covid-19. Empíricamente, tomamos pie en la taxonomía de crecimiento y desigualdad de Fajnzylber (1990) y en un modelo panel para evaluar esta relación en Asia, América Latina y Europa durante el periodo 1990-2019. Los principales resultados muestran: 1) co-movimiento entre crecimiento y equidad en Asia, mientras que en América Latina hay rezagos significativos, y 2) la productividad y la competitividad no precio constituyen el factor dinamizante en Asia y Europa.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INEQUALITY IN ASIA, EUROPE, AND LATIN AMERICA, 1990-2019</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The paper’s aim is to analyse the effect of trade liberalization on productivity, income distribution and economic growth. The ability of a free-market oriented economy to fence off an exogenous shock such as the Covid-19 pandemic is also dealt with. Following Fajnzylber’s (1990) taxonomy of growth and inequality, we assess the relationship between trade liberalisation, growth and income distribution for a sample set of Asian, Latin American, and European countries over the period 1990-2019. Our main empirical results show that there exist: 1) a co-movement between growth and equality in Asia, but significant lags in both respects prevail in Latin America; 2) productivity and non-price competitiveness are the dynamizing factors in both Asia and Europe</p>

Society, Environment, Vulnerability, and Climate Change in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Jorge Rojas Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Latin American Countries

Historically, Latin American social development has been diverse and heterogeneous. It depends on the use of natural resources (with greater or less added value and productive diversity), the influence of social movements, the role of political parties, the level of education, and the prevailing culture. Inequality and social exclusion are still prevalent in most Latin American countries. Poverty and environmental deterioration tend to be correlated. Therefore strategies for mitigation of and adaptation to climate change must consider measures for overcoming poverty and reducing inequality. El desarrollo social en América Latina es históricamente muy diverso y heterogéneo. Depende del uso de los recursos naturales — con mayor o menor valor agregado y diversidad productiva —, de la influencia de los movimientos sociales, del papel de los partidos políticos, del nivel educacional alcanzado y del tipo de cultura imperante en las diferentes sociedades. Aún persiste la desigualdad y altos índices de exclusión social en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos. Pobreza y deterioro del medio ambiente suelen correlacionarse. Los pobres por lo general viven en territorios degradados y vulnerables. Las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático deben, en consecuencia, contemplar medidas de superación de la pobreza y disminución de los niveles de desigualdad social y ambiental.

scholarly journals Early Poverty and Future Life Expectancy with Disability among the Elderly in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (26) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Malena Monteverde ◽  
Alberto Palloni ◽  
Montserrat Guillén ◽  
Silvia Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Population

Two aspects of the aging process in Latin America should be specially taken into account in order to evaluate future perspectives of morbidity among the elderly in the region: 1) Cohorts who will compose the bulk of the elderly population in the 21st century in Latin America survived to old age largely because of improvements in medicine and to a much lesser extent to amelioration of living standards, as it is the case in high income countries, and 2) a high proportion of the Latin American population still live in poor economic conditions and even these vulnerable individuals continue to experience gains in (adult and older adult) survival. We aim to evaluate to what an extent recent levels of poverty and indigence among young children in Argentina could impact future levels of disability and demands for long-term care of older people. Our results show that given the levels of poverty and indigence in childhood observed between 1988 and 1994, the relationship between poor early conditions, and the risk of being disabled among the elderly in Argentina, life expectancy with disability at age 60 years old would increase substantially between 2000 and 2040, both in absolute and relative terms.

scholarly journals GENTRIFICACIÓN EN CENTROS HISTÓRICOS: UNA DISCUSIÓN CONCEPTUAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Omar Alexis Roldán Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The City

El presente artículo busca la comprensión de la gentrificación en Latinoamérica a partir de un aná- lisis conceptual que plantea que esta no puede tratarse como un asunto aislado, sino que está vin- culada a la gestión urbano-patrimonial –en tanto efecto frecuente de la planificación urbana– y al centro histórico –en tanto área de la ciudad con cierta particularidad, no solo de carácter histórico sino, además, de historicidad de la ciudad–. La gentrificación tiende a desarrollarse en otras latitu- des en los espacios centrales; de ahí surge el interés por comprender las posibilidades de que los centros históricos latinoamericanos sean o no espacios generadores de gentrificación. Además de buscar profundizar en conceptos y teorías, el propósito de este texto es determinar, a partir ciertas casuísticas latinoamericanas, si resulta objetivo hablar de gentrificación en los centros históricos de América Latina, y qué particularidades de la región determinan cómo se desarrollan allí los procesos de ese tipo. La gentrificación en la actualidad es una categoría controversial debido a su origen an- glosajón, puesto que toda conceptualización euro-norteamericana genera cuestionamientos entre muchos autores latinoamericanos respecto de la idoneidad de su uso. Palabras clave.-Centros históricos, gentrificación, gestión urbano-patrimonial. ABSTRACTThe article presented here seeks to understand gentrification in Latin America through a con- ceptual analysis. It proposes that gentrification cannot be understood only as an isolated issue, but rather that it is connected to urban heritage management –as a common effect of urban planning– and to the historic center –as an area of the city which is not only specific in a historical sense, but also in terms of the historicity of the city–. Gentrification tends to develop in central spaces in other latitudes; the desire to understand the possibilities of Latin American historical centers as spaces that generate gentrification, or not, emerges from such a phenomenon. In addi- tion to a search to deepen concepts and theories, the purpose of the paper is to determine, on the basis of Latin American cases, if it is objective to speak of gentrification in the historical centers of Latin America and what particularities the region may have regarding such processes. Gentrifi- cation is currently a controversial category due to its Anglo-Saxon origin and any Euro-American conceptualization is put into question by many Latin American authors, in terms of the appropri- ateness of the use of concept. Keywords.-Historical centers, gentrification, urban heritage management.

scholarly journals El tráfico de cocaína entre América Latina y África Occidental

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-203
Author(s):  
Carolina Sampo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

Desde hace más de 10 años, un tercio de la cocaína que ingresa a Europa lo hace a través de África Occidental. Sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación existente entre América Latina, como región productora de cocaína, y África Occidental, como zona de tráfico, acopio y consumo. Este trabajo, de carácter exploratorio, busca entender por qué África Occidental se presenta atractiva para los traficantes latinoamericanos y cómo funciona el vínculo entre ellos y los africanos. La hipótesis que plantea es que los Estados africanos han sido cooptados por las organizaciones criminales. Estas generan mayores incentivos para las organizaciones criminales latinoamericanas, que consideran que dicha ruta es menos riesgosa y más redituable que otras, aun cuando tengan que negociar, parte de la logística con sus pares africanos. Como resultado, se han detectado tres hubs por los que ingresa la cocaína proveniente de América Latina: uno en la Costa Atlántica, uno en el Sahel y otro en el golfo de Benín.  Abstract For more than 10 years, one third of the cocaine that enters Europe does so through West Africa. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between Latin America, as the region that produces cocaine, and West Africa, as a zone of trafficking, stockpiling and consumption. This article, which is of an exploratory kind, seeks to understand why West Africa presents itself as attractive to Latin-American traffickers and how the link between them and the Africans works. The hypothesis stated in this work is that African States have been co-opted by criminal organizations. They generate  greater incentives for Latin American criminal organizations, which consider this route less risky and more profitable than others, even though they have to negotiate part of the logistics with their African peers. As a result, three hubs through which cocaine comes from Latin America have been detected: one on the Atlantic Coast, one in the Sahel and another one in the Gulf of Benin.

scholarly journals APORTES Y RELEVANCIA DE COMISIONES NACIONALES EN MACROECONOMÍA Y SALUD PARA PAÍSES DE AMÉRICA LATINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (53) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Armando Arredondo López
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The World ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

RESUMEN El presente artículo incluye los principales planteamientos sobre las experiencias y balances de las Comisiones Nacionales en Macroeconomía y Salud (CMES), centrando su análisis en la pertinencia y relevancia para los países de América Latina. A manera de introducción, la primera parte plantea algunas premisas de las relaciones entre reforma en salud, inversión y desarrollo, como parte del eje central que abordan las CMES en los países. Posteriormente, se dan los principales antecedentes, lineamientos, conformación e implementación de tales comisiones en el mundo y en países de América Latina. La segunda parte del documento incluye el análisis de aportes y avances de metas y estrategias como objeto de análisis de tales comisiones: indicadores de mortalidad, indicadores de financiamiento/inversión e indicadores de generación de conocimiento. Finalmente, a manera de conclusión se plantean de manera explícita las principales reflexiones a partir del desarrollo de las CMES y de las tendencias de los indicadores revisados, así como una lista de sugerencias a manera de lecciones aprendidas que podrían ser retomadas para el redimensionamiento de las comisiones ya implementadas; o bien, para la implementación de nuevas comisiones en países donde aún se encuentran de manera incipiente. ABSTRACT This article covers the main approaches based on the experience and reports of the National Commissions on Macroeconomics and Health (CMES), focusing their analysis on the relevance and significance for the Latin American countries. As an introduction, the first part of this paper poses some premises of the relationship between health reform, investment, and development as part of the central axis that the CMES approach in the countries. After that, the main background, guidelines, creation, and implementation of such commissions in the world and in Latin America are given. The second part of this document includes an analysis of contributions and goals and strategies advancement as an object of analysis of such committees: mortality, finance/investment, and knowledge generation indicators. Finally, as a conclusion, there is a detailed explanation of the main reflections from the development of the CMES and trends of the revised indicators, as well as a list of suggestions that can be considered as learned lessons that could be retaken up for the remodeling of the already implemented commissions or to the implementation of new committees in countries that have them still in a fledgling way.

scholarly journals Os movimentos contestatórios no Serviço Social iberoeuropeu e da América do Norte no período de 1960 a 1980

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Aparecida Leite Toffanetto Seabra Eiras ◽  
Maria Carmelita Yazbek ◽  
Cláudia Mônica dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Work ◽  
North America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

Resumo − Este artigo constitui-se como parte da pesquisa O Movimento de Reconceituação do Serviço Social na América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Colômbia): determinantes históricos, interlocuções internacionais e memória. Nossa ênfase circunscreve-se a Portugal, Espanha, EUA e Canadá (1960-1980). Desse modo, pretendemos identificar as referências teórico-metodológicas do Serviço Social nesse período, em seus nexos com os “movimentos contestatórios” e com o “movimento de reconceituação latino-americano” (MRLA).  Indagamos acerca da relação entre o MRLA e o Serviço Social crítico e/ou radical, considerando suas particularidades, antecedentes, expressões e desdobramentos. Apresentamos, assim, um panorama econômico, político, social e cultural da conjuntura desses países à época. Apresentamos, ainda, os movimentos do Serviço Social crítico e/ou radical e suas referências ético-políticas e teórico-metodológicas, as quais os distinguem do Serviço Social tradicional. Por fim, indicamos, quando pertinente, as interlocuções desses movimentos/produções com o MRLA. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; Movimento de Reconceituação latino-americano; movimentos contestatórios na Europa ibera e na América do Norte.  Abstract − This article is part of the research “The Movement of Reconceptualization of Social Work in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia): historical determinants, international interlocutions and memory.” Our emphasis is limited to Portugal, Spain, USA and Canada (1960-1980). In this research we intend to identify the theoretical-methodological references of social work in this period, in its links with the social contestation movements and with the Latin American reconceptualization movement (MRLA). We inquire about the relationship between the MRLA and the critical and radical social work, considering its particularities, antecedents, expressions and aftereffects. In this article, we present an economic, political, social and cultural panorama of the conjuncture of these countries at the time. We also present the movements of critical and radical social work and both their ethical-political and theoretical-methodological references, which distinguish them from traditional social work and indicate, when pertinent, the interlocutions of these movements and productions with the MRLA.Keywords: social work; Latin American reconceptualization movement; social contestation in Iberian Europe and North America.

scholarly journals ¿Gentrificación latinoamericana? Apuntes para su discusión

REVISTARQUIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Salinas Arreortua
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
American Cities

ResumenA pesar que el concepto de gentrificación fue utilizado en la década de los sesenta, es hasta las teorías desarrolladas por Smith y Ley, a finales de los setenta, que comienzan a desarrollarse diversos trabajos empíricos en el mundo anglosajón. Mientras que en América Latina, los trabajos empíricos comienzan a producirse, de manera destacada, hacia la primera década del siglo XXI. Se discuten diversos argumentos que explican la tardía producción de trabajos empíricos sobre casos de gentrificación en ciudades latinoamericanas, exponiendo las principales críticas que se han producido acerca del uso de este concepto, así como del desalojo de una perspectiva crítica, dando como resultado propuestas contrarias al origen del concepto. Por último, se retoman los rasgos que caracterizan los procesos de gentrificación en esta región.AbstractAlthough the concept of gentrification was used in the 1960s, it is even the theories developed by Smith and Ley in the late 1970s that various empirical works in the Anglo-Saxon world are beginning to develop. While in Latin America, the empirical work begins to take place, in a remarkable way, towards the first decade of the 21st century. Several arguments are discussed that explain the late production of empirical work on cases of gentrification in Latin American cities, exposing the main criticisms that have been made about the use of this concept, as well as the eviction of a critical perspective, resulting in proposals that are contrary to the origin of the concept. Finally, the traits that characterize the processes of gentrification in this region are taken.

scholarly journals A biblioteca de Darcy Ribeiro, "Espaço biográfico" e a interlocução latino-americana

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Haydée Ribeiro Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

Resumo: O trânsito intelectual dos escritores latino-americanos no exílio implica uma reflexão teórica sobre as relações entre biblioteca e “espaço biográfico”. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, tomarei como ponto de partida algumas considerações teóricas sobre a biblioteca e sua interface biográfica. Em seguida, refletirei sobre a Biblioteca de Darcy Ribeiro no que se refere ao exílio e ao pós-exílio. Evidentemente que Darcy Ribeiro não se descuidou do registro de sua memória no exílio pela América Latina, como se pode verificar em seus livros autobiográficos. Mesmo assim, meu olhar sobre sua biblioteca pretende evidenciar outros aspectos ainda não estudados pela crítica. Para o desenvolvimento do texto, depois de mostrar a relação entre biblioteca e espaço biográfico, situo o diálogo de Darcy Ribeiro com a América Latina e focalizo os Cuadernos de Cultura latinoamericana encontrados na Biblioteca de Darcy Ribeiro.Palavras-chave: Darcy Ribeiro, espaço biográfico, interlocução latino-americana.Abstract: The transit of the intellectual Latin American writers in exile implies a theoretical reflection about the relationship between the library and “biographical space”. To develop this work, I will take as starting point some theoretical considerations about the library and its biographical interface. Then reflect on the Darcy Ribeiro’s library in relation to the exile and postexile. Obviously, Darcy Ribeiro did not neglect to record his memory during the exile in Latin America, as seen in his autobiographical books. Still, I intend to look at his library to highlight another aspects that haven’t been studied by critics yet. To develop the text, after showing the relationship between the library and biographical space, I situate the dialogue of Darcy Ribeiro with Latin America and focus some Cuadernos de Cultura latinoamericana found in the library of Darcy Ribeiro.Keywords: Darcy Ribeiro’s Library; “biographical space” and Latin; American interlocution.

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