Society, Environment, Vulnerability, and Climate Change in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Jorge Rojas Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Latin American Countries

Historically, Latin American social development has been diverse and heterogeneous. It depends on the use of natural resources (with greater or less added value and productive diversity), the influence of social movements, the role of political parties, the level of education, and the prevailing culture. Inequality and social exclusion are still prevalent in most Latin American countries. Poverty and environmental deterioration tend to be correlated. Therefore strategies for mitigation of and adaptation to climate change must consider measures for overcoming poverty and reducing inequality. El desarrollo social en América Latina es históricamente muy diverso y heterogéneo. Depende del uso de los recursos naturales — con mayor o menor valor agregado y diversidad productiva —, de la influencia de los movimientos sociales, del papel de los partidos políticos, del nivel educacional alcanzado y del tipo de cultura imperante en las diferentes sociedades. Aún persiste la desigualdad y altos índices de exclusión social en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos. Pobreza y deterioro del medio ambiente suelen correlacionarse. Los pobres por lo general viven en territorios degradados y vulnerables. Las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático deben, en consecuencia, contemplar medidas de superación de la pobreza y disminución de los niveles de desigualdad social y ambiental.

scholarly journals Reforma contábil do setor público na América Latina e comunidades epistêmicas: uma abordagem institucional

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Fabrício Ramos Neves ◽  
Mauricio Gómez-Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Community Theory ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Latin American countries have undergone a growing interest in international accounting standards. Several countries are making progress in the adoption of international standards driven by different internal factors as well as external dynamics. The role of experts in the design of public policies associated with international standards has been studied by the epistemic community theory, which is the theoretical framework used in this study to address the influence of different international organizations on the adoption of IPSAS in Brazil and Colombia. This paper discusses the isomorphic institutional pressure exerted over the governments of these two countries in order to meet an international standard considered to be adequate. Meanwhile, the emerging trend towards the adoption of IPSAS in Latin America continues to grow, although some obstacles to achieving the goals defined in the reform arise.

scholarly journals Pensar el pasado para adaptarse al cambio climático. El aporte necesario de la historia ambiental latinoamericana/ Thinking about the past in order to adapt to climate change. The necessary contribution from Latin American environmental history

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Katherinne Giselle Mora Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Academic World ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

Este artículo resalta la necesidad de involucrar a la historia en la construcción de estrategias adaptativas para el presente y el futuro. También presenta un balance sobre algunas de las reflexiones sobre la adaptación frente al cambio climático en perspectiva histórica, principalmente desde el mundo anglosajón, pero con trabajos pioneros para América Latina. El texto invita a ir más allá de las historias de coyunturas y fracasos, para reconstruir visiones de mediano y largo plazo sobre la relación clima-sociedad, que incluyan los casos en los cuales el resultado no fue fatídico. Por último, señala algunas tareas y metodologías que los historiadores ambientales latinoamericanos pueden incluir en sus agendas investigativas. Abstract This article highlights how important is the participation of history in the design of adaptive strategies for the present and future. Also, it does a balance about some reflections on adaptation to climate change in historical perspective, mainly from the Anglo-Saxon academic world, but with some exceptions from Latin America. The article is an invitation to go beyond the stories of conjuncture and failures, to reconstruct medium and long-term visions about the relationship between climate and society, which include the cases in which the result was not fateful. Finally, it indicates some tasks and methodologies for research agendas of environmental historians in Latin America.

scholarly journals La desigualdad de la distribución de la renta en América Latina: situación, evolución y factores explicativos

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Milanovic ◽  
Rafael Muñoz De Bustillo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Colonization Model ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Latin American Countries

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo analiza el nivel de desigualdad en la distribución de la renta existente en América Latina a comienzos del siglo XXI así como su evolución en las últimas décadas, todo ello desde una perspectiva comparada tanto intracontinental (entre los distintos países de América Latina), como entre ésta y otras regiones del mundo. En segundo lugar se estudia cuál ha sido el comportamiento de la desigualdad en las últimas décadas. En tercer lugar se revisan los factores que están detrás de esa mayor desigualdad que hace de América Latina la región más desigual del mundo, prestando especial atención al modelo colonizador y al desigual acceso a la propiedad de la tierra consagrado por el mismo; a la desigualdad de acceso a la educación; al escaso papel redistribuidor del sector público y a factores demográficos. Por último se apuntan los potenciales efectos negativos que se derivan de este estado de cosas.ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the level of inequality in the rent distribution in Latin America at the beginning of the 21st century, as well as its evolution through the last decades, from a comparative intra-continental perspective (analyzing the different Latin American countries), and also comparing the region with others. In second place it studies the behavior of inequalitythrough the last decades. In third place, it revises the factors behind that inequality, since those factors make Latin America the most unequal region in the world, paying special attention to the colonization model and to the unequal access to land ownership, as well as to the unequal access to education, to the poor redistributing role of the public sector and to demographic factors. Lastly, it describes the potentially negative effects produced by this state of things.

Leadership Training in Latin America

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Alice B. Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Leadership Training ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
The University ◽  
Latin American Countries

Alice Lentz offers a brief view of the role of the Americas Fund for Independent Universities (AFIU) in relation to significant initiatives in various Latin American countries. In a region where the function and development of private higher education institutions is especially important, the focus of the AFIU's activities is on private universities' ability to provide trained business leaders with the skills necessary to meet the challenges of enterprise growth in these developing economies. She mentions in particular the strengthening of financing capabilities within the university, and the evolution of three-way partnerships among business corporations, AFIU, and universities in Latin America.

Colombian Parties and Political Development

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Peeler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Authority Relationships ◽  
Latin American Countries

Colombia remains one of a very small group of countries in Latin America which retain competitive, liberal-democratic political institutions at this writing. Indeed, Colombia's civil government, recognizing a modicum of individual liberties and conducting periodic elections, has been shattered on relatively few occasions since the mid-nineteenth century, a record equalled or surpassed by few other Latin American countries. The Colombian political system is still dominated by the two traditional political parties (Liberal and Conservative) which arose in Colombia and elsewhere in the region in the nineteenth century. In almost every other country they have long since passed into oblivion or insignificance. This continued dominance by the traditional parties is commonly attributed to their successful mobilization of mass support, especially among the peasantry. The Colombian parties (unlike their counterparts elsewhere) early moved beyond being mere elite factions by using traditional authority relationships, clientelistic exchanges and ideological appeals to develop durable bases of mass support.

scholarly journals Planeacion estratégica en Instituciones del Sector Publico de América Latina (Strategic planning in Latin America public sector institutions)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Alberto Leer Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
World Class ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p>Este artículo presenta la implementación de planes estratégicos por medio de la metodología de clase mundial del Balanced Scorecard de Kaplan y Norton en ministerios de varios países de América Latina, así como las adaptaciones necesarias, experiencias y lecciones aprendidas en el proceso.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article presents the implementation of strategic plans using the methodology of Kaplan and Norton´s world class balanced scorecard with required adaptations in several Latin American countries ministries, and the knowledge and lessons learned in the process<strong><br /></strong></p>

scholarly journals La violencia homicida en América Latina

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Briceño-León
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Social Classification ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Latin American Countries

RESUMEN: El artículo analiza la situación de la violencia homicida en América Latina, cuál es su ubicación en la situación mundial de violencia y cuáles serían las posibles explicaciones para el lugar que ocupa. Utilizando la base de datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud se clasifican las regiones por su tasa de homicidios y se ubica a América Latina como la región más violenta. Los países de América Latina son clasificados en cuatro grupos de acuerdo a la relación de su tasa de homicidios con la tasa media mundial y se caracterizan socialmente las víctimas.Para interpretar esa situación se relacionan con los niveles de urbanización y pobreza y se presentan los factores que pueden originar, fomentar y facilitar el incremento o disminución de los homicidios y su potencial utilidad en las políticas públicas.ABSTRACT: This article explores the situation of homicide violence in Latin America, its position within the worlds violence situation and the possible explanations for that position. Using the data bases of the World Health Organization, regions are classified by their homicide rates, which puts Latin America as the most violent region. Latin American countries are set in four groups according to the relation of their homicide rates with the world’s rate, and a social classification of victims is built. For interpreting this situation, those factors are put in relation with the levels of urbanization and poverty, and the possible causes of the increase or decrease of homicides are presented, as well as their potential utility for public policy making.

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