scholarly journals Risks of Integration of Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Railways with International Transport Corridors of Eurasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Darya Dinets
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Energy Balances

The article is devoted to describing the main trends of Eurasian transport corridors integration in terms of assessment of the participants’ risks. It shows that the format of the transport integration peculiar to the trans-regional alliances initiates risk synergy at the level of business profiles of the amalgamating countries, but not only in the sphere of the transport communication. Besides, the inconformity in the structure of the frights, carried in various directions in Eurasia, means additional financial burden to support the infrastructure and the rolling stock to meet the integration challenges. All these problems lead to impossibility of payback of the transport investment projects both at the level of a single country and any union of countries. Thus, the financial and economic risks of integration projects in transport, with respect to the structure of the energy balances of the countries uniting the transport corridors, request higher demands for the return of capital employed, and, consequently, they are translated into all related industrial sectors on the continent. Ignoring the integration risks in substantiating the projects of international transport corridors leads to increased expectations in regard to socio-economic and geopolitical consequences for international trade agreements, holds back on the volumes of foreign economic activity of the countries, leads to isolationist tendencies at the level of economic entities. As a measure directed to obtaining an effect of the scale sufficient to compensate the business risks of the transport integration, the article offers to organize the transport communication on the continent on the principle of “Management of United Corridor”, involving various types of transport, using the transport logistic hubs. This kind of principle of international cooperation in the transport is particular profitable for the Russo-Chinese relationships, with Russia being a provider of the transport services, and China being the place of origin of the major part of freights transported through international transport corridors.

ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME OF PASSENGERS AND CARGO IN RAIL AND ROAD TRANSPORT IN POLAND IN 2009-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Elżbieta MACIOSZEK
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Transport plays an important role in the economy of any country. Efficient and developed transport infrastructure of various modes of transport significantly affects the availability of transport services, and consequently, the well-being of citizens. This article presents an analysis of the volume of passengers and cargo transport using rail and road transport in Poland in 2009-2019. These analyses were carried out based on data obtained from the Central Statistical Office. All data concerns Polish entities that provide services in the field of passenger and freight transport in Poland and focuses on such information as the volume of passengers and cargo by individual means of transport, broken down into domestic and international transport. Further, the presented analyses concern the length of the available rail and road routes, tracks, the size of the rolling stock as well as the groups of transported loads.

Patent issues and future trends in drug development

10.5912/jcb42 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Kermani ◽  
Pietro Bonacossa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Market Exclusivity ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
Industrial Sectors

The global biopharmaceutical industry has been one of the most productive and profitable industrial sectors; however, the drug development process remains risky and expensive, with no guarantees of success. The industry believes that a system for the effective intellectual property protection is key to its ability to maintain innovation for drug development. But some critics think that the market exclusivity offered by patents simply allows companies to maximise profits without benefiting patients.Social issues such as patient access to new AIDS treatments and political issues such as international trade agreements mean that the manner in which pharmaceutical companies operate at a business level is becoming subject to closer scrutiny.

Coordination of technology of railway operation of the Republic of Tajikistan and organization of railways in international traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Pulatov
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
Required Quality

Current geopolitical and economic conditions for the functioning of railway transport in most post-Soviet states are such that it is extremely difficult to provide required quality of transport services and break-even operations at high expenses for maintaining the railway infrastructure and rolling stock. Dynamics of transportation of the Tajik Railway (TSR) is shown, which displays that most of its sections are classified as low-intensity ones. The paper proposes methodical principles, setting and qualitative analysis of the task of rationalization of operational work and organization of car flows for international transportation, taking into account the specifics of the Tajik Railway. There is a problem of complex maintenance of the efficiency of operational work in modern conditions based on the synthesis of the tasks of self-management (rational internal operational technology of the Tajik Railway) and coordination tasks (technological interaction with railway administrations of other states). Author substantiated the necessity of solving this problem. Proposed classification of technological restrictions and controlled variables in the performance of transport takes into account methods for changing external conditions for the functioning of the railway landfill and methods for increasing internal efficiency of its operation. The search for the solution of the problem involves direct search of variants along its ordered set with clipping of groups of variants that do not correspond to constraints, with the subsequent finding of compromise control over a set of effective alternatives.

Energy reform will hit investor confidence in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
The Government ◽  
Energy Reform

Significance The government will appeal the rulings, which follow action by renewables firms. With constitutional battles over energy investments already unfolding, the future of Mexico’s energy framework has been thrown into turmoil. Impacts Increasing energy prices will probably push inflation above Banxico’s upper target limit of 4%. AMLO’s apparent disregard for international trade agreements will strain relations with the United States. AMLO’s pro-austerity fiscal stance could take a toll on his popularity.

Urban electric railway management and operation in Britain and America 1900–14

Urban History ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Capital Market

The debate about the comparative performance of the British and American economies around the turn of the century has involved most industrial sectors. In the case of the railways, the argument goes back at least to 1887, when a critical analysis of English railway operations compared to those of the United States was published. For British railway companies, the years after 1900 were a particularly difficult time especially in the capital market, and many new investment projects were abandoned, although not solely because of adverse conditions in the capital market. A substantial number of these projects were probably of a marginal nature but the eighteen-year period between 1890 and 1908 also saw the development of a new type of railway – the urban rapid transit system. This was in response to two very different factors – the continuing growth of cities and the application of electric power in a form suitable for railway use. The spread of these systems in Britain paralleled their expansion in the United States.

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