Urban electric railway management and operation in Britain and America 1900–14

Urban History ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Capital Market

The debate about the comparative performance of the British and American economies around the turn of the century has involved most industrial sectors. In the case of the railways, the argument goes back at least to 1887, when a critical analysis of English railway operations compared to those of the United States was published. For British railway companies, the years after 1900 were a particularly difficult time especially in the capital market, and many new investment projects were abandoned, although not solely because of adverse conditions in the capital market. A substantial number of these projects were probably of a marginal nature but the eighteen-year period between 1890 and 1908 also saw the development of a new type of railway – the urban rapid transit system. This was in response to two very different factors – the continuing growth of cities and the application of electric power in a form suitable for railway use. The spread of these systems in Britain paralleled their expansion in the United States.

scholarly journals Le droit des valeurs mobilières et les placements privés

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-782
Author(s):  
Nabil N. Antaki ◽  
Gilles Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Private Placement ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Corporate Lawyers ◽  
The Capital Market

The overwhelming control of the different North American securities commissions over the capital market compels businessmen and corporate lawyers to a permanent search for new means to avoid the registration and prospectus requirements of the acts. The authors try in this article to analyse the private placement exemption which seems to be most frequently relied upon. They discuss its development since the United States Supreme Court's decision in Ralston Purina. They explain the pros and cons of the subjective « need to know » and the capability of investors to « fend for themselves » tests as well as their byproducts. The recent and certainly more objective standards adopted by the S.E.C. and Ontario are also discussed. Finally, the resale of the restricted securities acquired in a private placement transaction is studied. In this context, the Quebec law is hardly adequate and needs substantial clarifications.

A Global Perspective on Securitized Debt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L Schwarcz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Asset Backed Securities ◽  
The Eu

Securitisation represents a significant worldwide source of capital market financing. European investors commonly invest in asset-backed securities issued in U.S. securitisation transactions, and vice versa One of the key goals of the European Commission's proposed Capital Markets Union (CMU) is to further facilitate securitisation as a source of capital market financing as a viable alternative to bank-based finance for companies operating in the EU. To that end, this chapter explains securitisation and attempts to put its rise, its decline after the global financial crisis, and its recent CMU-inspired revival into a global perspective. It examines not only securitisation's relationship to the financial crisis but also post-crisis comparative regulatory approaches in the EU and the United States.

scholarly journals Do Callable Convertibles Support The Investment Process Of A Company? An Analysis Of The World Market Of Hybrid Debt

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Damian Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Convertible Bonds ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
A Company

Using a sample of 1,705 convertible bonds issued by manufacturing and service companies from the United States (1,138 issues); Europe (270); and Asia (297) between 2004 and 2014 this paper investigates the role of callable convertibles in the corporate investment process. This research shows first that callable convertibles are used to finance investment projects particularly by American firms which may exercise new investment options to improve poor financial performance. Secondly, the same strategy may be followed by European companies, but they seem not to carry out investments on as large a scale as American firms. Thirdly, the research results do not provide evidence that Asian enterprises use callable convertibles for investment purposes: they likely use these instruments for different reasons.

An Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft Registration Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Ronald Pentz ◽  
He (Herman) Tang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Courts Of Appeals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rapid Pace

This article describes how small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are growing at a rapid pace. They are inexpensive and widely available for both hobbyist and commercial use. However, with this rapid growth, regulations are having a difficult time keeping pace to safely incorporate them into the United States National Airspace. Recent regulations requiring the registration of all sUAS have been overturned by the United States Courts of Appeals. This research provides a statistical analysis of the effectiveness of the registration regulation in the reduction of unauthorized and careless sUAS operation prior to being overturned by the courts. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics and chi square hypothesis tests were used to analyze more than 3,000 reported unauthorized and careless events. The findings show a significant difference in events pre-registration and post registration.

Understanding Transit Agency Perceptions about Transportation Network Companies, Shared Mobility, and Autonomous Transit: Lessons from the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Mengjie Han ◽  
Matthew D. Dean ◽  
Pedro Adorno Maldonado ◽  
Parfait Masungi ◽  
Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Transportation Network Companies

Emergent technologies like autonomous/connected vehicles and shared mobility platforms are anticipated to significantly affect various aspects of the transportation network such as safety, mobility, accessibility, environmental effects, and economics. Transit agencies play a critical role in this network by providing mobility to populations unable to drive or afford personal vehicles, and in some localities carry passengers more efficiently than other modes. As transit agencies plan for the future, uncertainty remains with how to best leverage new technologies. A survey completed by 50 transit agencies across the United States revealed similar yet different perceptions and preparations regarding transportation network companies (TNCs) and autonomous transit (AT) systems. Transit agencies believe TNC market share will grow, either minimally or rapidly (72%), within the next 5 years and have either a negative (43%) or positive (35%) impact on their transit system. Only 30% of agency boards instructed the agency to work with TNCs, despite no perceived transit union support. For AT systems, 22% of agencies are studying them, 64% believe the impacts of AT over the next 10–20 years will be positive, but fewer agencies are influenced to consider new technologies because of AT systems (38%) compared with TNCs (72%). Surprisingly, transit administration is mostly unsure about driver and transit unions’ perceptions of these technologies. In addition, a significant number of transit agencies do not believe they should play a role in ensuring TNCs are safe and equitable and that TNCs should not have to adhere to the same regulations (50%, 28% respectively).

Integration of Paratransit and Transit Services: Importance of Vehicle Transfer Requirements to Consumers

1997 ◽  
Vol 1571 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Balog ◽  
John B. Morrison ◽  
Mark M. Hood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Minimize Costs

The integration of paratransit and transit services is necessary in order to fully achieve the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Many individuals with disabilities can use accessible fixed-route vehicles but do not because they are unable to get from their origin to an accessible bus stop. Using paratransit as a feeder service to the fixed-route system can minimize the total cost to the transit system of providing services to this segment of the population. It must be understood, however, that transferring patrons from one vehicle to another is undesirable to consumers. This is documented by the results of three studies covering a variety of locations across the United States. The surveys showed that a number of market categories of consumers ranked no transfers between vehicles as the No. 1 service feature that was necessary to attract them to the fixed-route system. Of 16 market categories, all determined no transfers to possess a positive utility for attracting them to fixed-route services. To satisfy consumer needs and to minimize costs to transit authorities, the negative characteristics of vehicle transfers must be mitigated through design. This can be done by providing timed transfers at designated points so that wait time is eliminated or minimized. Such transfer points must also be protected from the difficulties of poor weather conditions and must be well-lighted and secure. The provision of aids to assist in the transfer may also be necessary.

Patterns and Sources of Ticket Splitting in Subpresidential Voting

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Allen Beck ◽  
Lawrence Baum ◽  
Aage R. Clausen ◽  
Charles E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Individual

The primary source of divided government in the United States is voters who split their ballots between the parties. Yet there has been little comprehensive examination of either patterns or sources of ticket splitting in recent years. Instead, divergent lines of research have emerged, emphasizing such things as voter partisanship, incumbency, and a “new” (young, well-educated, even partisan) kind of ticket splitter; and their focus has been too often restricted to the atypical president–Congress pair. We seek to unify these research traditions in a comprehensive model of split-ticket voting and to test this model across the partisan ballot in a typical election setting-here, the contests for five Ohio state-wide offices in 1990. The model incorporates partisan strength, candidate visibility, and the individual characteristics that distinguish the “new ticket splitters”. The results support our partisan strength and candidate visibility explanations but provide little support for the emergence of a new type of ticket splitter.

Consular Privileges and Immunities Under the Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Irvin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Senate ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject

The reëstablishment of treaty relations with Germany seems to have afforded occasion for a new type of treaty incorporating new principles,restating old ones and generally rearranging the subject-matter considered.Provisions relating to consular privileges and immunities show the influence of this new consideration. The Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany has been followed by similar treaties with Estonia and Hungary. Ratification of a like treaty with Salvador has been advised and consented to by the United States Senate, but the exchange of ratifications has not yet been announced. A consular convention with Cuba follows the corresponding provisions in the treaties of friendship, commerce and consular rights so far as consular privileges and immunities are concerned. As press reports have indicated that similar treaties may be negotiated with other states, it is possible that there may be an extensive redefinition of consular privileges and immunities along the lines of the provisions of the recently published treaties. In the light of this possibility the contents of this part of the treaties are of great importance and an examination of them of present interest. As the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights with Germany was the first of the series,the following discussion is based upon the provisions of that treaty, with attention being given to the more important departures in the later treaties.

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