Abstrak
Kota Meulaboh adalah salah satu daerah di provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam yang berada di wilayah perairan Lautan Samudra Hindia sebagai sarana Pelabuhan. Pelabuhan Meulaboh sangat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian dan memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat khususnya di Wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Daerah perairan pantai sangat rentan terhadap banjir pasang (rob) akibat fluktuasi muka air laut dengan kejadian pasang tertinggi (Highest Water Level) yang berpotensi mengakibatkan daerah genangan banjir di sekitar wilayah pemukiman penduduk. Studi penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis pemetaan potensi daerah genangan banjir pasang (rob) menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Elevasi tinggi pasang surut dianalisis dengan metode Admiralty, penggambaran elevasi kontur permukaan tanah dan banjir pasang (rob) dianalisis berdasarkan data Digital Elevation Model (DEM), dan pemetaan potensi daerah genangan banjir antara elevasi permukaan banjir pasang (rob) dengan peta administratif Kota Meulaboh dilakukan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) yang menggunakan software Arcgis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan elevasi muka air banjir pasang (rob) tertinggi berada di ketinggian 0.78 m di atas permukaan laut rata-rata (MSL) dan mengakibatkan potensi luas daerah genangan banjir mencapai 18.18 Km2. Luas daerah genangan banjir mengakibatkan 11 desa terkena dampak dan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi masyarakat khususnya di wilayah Desa Kampung Pasir, Suak Indrapuri, Suak Raya, dan Suak Nie.
Kata-kata Kunci: Meulaboh, pasang surut, admiralty, dan sistem informasi geografis.
Abstract
Meulaboh City is one of the regions in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam in the territorial waters Indian Ocean as a port. Meulaboh Port is very important in improving the economy and meeting the needs of the community, especially in the District of West Aceh. Coastal waters are very susceptible to tidal flooding (rob) due to sea level fluctuations with the highest water level which has the potential to cause flooding areas around residential areas. The research study was conducted to analyze the mapping of potential tidal flood areas (rob) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Tidal height analysis is carried out using the Admiralty method, depiction of ground surface contour elevation and tidal flooding (rob) is analyzed based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and mapping of potential inundation areas between tidal flood surface elevations (ROB) with administrative maps of Meulaboh City carried out with a Geographic Information System (GIS) that uses Arcgis software. The results showed that the highest tidal flood water level (rob) was at an altitude of 0.78 m above the mean sea level (MSL) and resulted in the potential area of flood inundation areas reaching 18.18 Km2. The total of flood inundation area affected 11 villages and caused losses to the community, especially in the villages of Kampung Pasir, Suak Indrapuri, Suak Raya, and Suak Nie.
Keywords: Meulaboh, tides, admiralty, and geographic information systems.
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