scholarly journals Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozipho M. Motsa ◽  
Albert T. Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Sweet potato is an important ‘indigenised’ root crop in South Africa. It features prominently in smallholder cropping systems because of its versatility, drought tolerance and positive role in food security. It outranks most staple crops in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and protein content. Much information is available on sweet potato as a drought tolerant and food security crop, but critical reviews that link its drought tolerance with food security are lacking. We review sweet potato as a food security crop, focusing on mechanisms associated with drought. We conclude that the crop has great potential in the light of imminent challenges associated with drought as a negative effect of climate change.

scholarly journals The Factors of Declining Agricultural Growth in Bangladesh and Its Impact on Food Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Minhazur Rahman Rezvi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect

Agriculture is an important sector of Bangladesh economy because it has a positive role in food security, employment and livelihoods. Around 84 percent of rural people rely on agriculture sector directly or indirectly for their livelihood. However, in last 17 years, the shares of agriculture in GDP are steadily declining. However, Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world due to climate change. Based on secondary data, the study intends to describe the impacts of climatic causes on declining agricultural growth in the country. The paper also discusses impact of population growth, urbanization, loss of arable land etc on agriculture production of Bangladesh. The trend of declining agricultural growth has negative effect on food security. As a consequence of declining agricultural growth, food security has emerged a big challenge for Bangladesh. The paper analyses the impacts of declining agriculture growth on food security as well as other causes.

scholarly journals A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor from Ipomoea trifida, ItfWRKY70, Confers Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Sifan Sun ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Shaopei Gao ◽  
Nan Nie ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida ◽  
Positive Role

WRKY transcription factors are one of the important families in plants, and have important roles in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we isolated a WRKY gene, ItfWRKY70, from the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. This gene was highly expressed in leaf tissue and strongly induced by 20% PEG6000 and 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellar localization analyses indicated that ItfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 significantly increased drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato plants. The content of ABA and proline, and the activity of SOD and POD were significantly increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were decreased in transgenic plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 up-regulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress-response, ROS-scavenging system, and stomatal aperture in transgenic plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ItfWRKY70 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by accumulating the content of ABA, regulating stomatal aperture and activating the ROS scavenging system in sweet potato.

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 4658-4676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A Gambetta ◽  
Jose Carlos Herrera ◽  
Silvina Dayer ◽  
Quishuo Feng ◽  
Uri Hochberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Water availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a major fruit crop of economic importance, has emerged as a model perennial fruit crop for the study of drought tolerance. This review synthesizes the most recent results on grapevine drought responses, the impact of water deficit on fruit yield and composition, and the identification of drought-tolerant varieties. Given the existing gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grapevine drought responses, we aim to answer the following question: how can we move towards a more integrative definition of grapevine drought tolerance?

scholarly journals Physiological mechanisms and conventional breeding of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) to drought-tolerance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 1837-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Placide Rukundo ◽  
Shimelis Hussein ◽  
Laing Mark ◽  
Gahakwa Daphrose
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Conventional Breeding

Intercropping to control weeds in yam (Dioscorea rotundata) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Félix M. Román ◽  
Alberto Beale ◽  
Héber Irizarry
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Made In

Monoculture and intercropping systems for yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) production in two planting seasons were evaluated at the Corozal Agricultural Experiment Substation. In Experiment 1, yam cv. Guinea Blanco and sweet potato cv. Dominicana were planted the same date; and sweet potato 6 weeks before or after yam in February, April and May. In Experiment 2, the same cropping treatments were evaluated, but plantings were made in October and December 1983 and in January 1984. In this experiment Guinea Negro yam was used. In Experiment 1, sweet potato planted in monoculture or intercropped suppressed weed growth. However, the yam competition significantly reduced sweet potato yields. Although weeds grew freely in monoculture planting, yields were not significantly reduced. In Experiment 2, no significant differences were detected among cropping systems with regard to weed control. However, late plantings (December and January) reduced the weed population in both planting systems. When yam and sweet potato were intercropped during these months, the association did not affect yam production but did reduce sweet potato yields. The yam-sweet potato intercropping planting of December yielded highest for yams with 36,738 k/ha, and the highest combined yam-sweet potato tuber production with 59,014 k/ha. The sweet potato planted as a monoculture in December yielded (36,559 k/ha).

INFLUENCE OF SHADE ON STOMATAL DENSITY, LEAF SIZE AND OTHER LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MAJOR TROPICAL ROOT CROPS, TANNIA, SWEET POTATO, YAM, CASSAVA AND TARO

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. ONWUEME ◽  
M. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Epidermis

Since shading often occurs under normal growing conditions in various cropping systems (for example, intercropping, alley cropping), field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of shading on stomatal density, leaf size, leaf dry matter, and leaf lamina thickness in the major tropical root and tuber crops, tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea esculenta), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and taro (Colocasia esculenta). Shading decreased stomatal density in the lower epidermis of tannia, sweet potato, yam and cassava, and in the upper epidermis also in tannia and sweet potato; the upper epidermis of yam and cassava were devoid of stomata. In contrast to the other species, taro under shade had an increased stomatal density in both the upper and lower epidermis, a finding which was confirmed in subsequent pot experiments. This response of taro was postulated as a possible manifestation of greater shade adaptation by the species.For all the species, shading generally resulted in the production of larger (in terms of surface area) but thinner leaves, with a decreased dry matter concentration. For the two species (yam and cassava) that had stomata only on the lower epidermis, normal sun-grown plants had about twice as many stomata per unit area of lower epidermis than did corresponding plants of the other three species. The agronomic and physiological significance of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Climate change risk to southern African wild food plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Wessels ◽  
Cory Merow ◽  
Christopher H. Trisos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Warming Scenario ◽  
Language Groups

AbstractClimate change is a threat to food security. Wild-harvested food plants (WFPs) are important for the diets of millions of people and contribute to food security, especially in rural and low-income communities, but little is known about climate change risk to these species. Using species distribution models, we examined climate change risk to 1190 WFP species used by 19 native language groups in southern Africa. We project that 40% of species will experience a decrease in range extent within southern Africa by 2060–2080 under a low warming scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6), increasing to 66% under a high warming scenario (RCP 8.5). Decreases in geographic range are projected for >70% of WFP species traditionally used by some language groups. Loss of suitable climatic conditions is projected to decrease WFP species richness most in north-eastern southern Africa – with losses of >200 species – while increases in species richness are projected in the south and east of South Africa. Availability of WFP species for food security during lean times is also projected to change. Specifically, in south-eastern South Africa, local diversity of WFPs is projected to increase, while maize and sorghum yields decrease. However, this potential WFP nutritional safety net may be lost in central parts of the region, where declines in both crop yield and WFPs are projected. By looking beyond conventional crops to the exceptional diversity of WFPs, this research makes a first step towards understanding the linkages between WFPs, traditional knowledge, agriculture, food security, and climate change.

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