scholarly journals Mapping of QTLs involved in resistence to rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) using Oryza minuta introgression lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rahman ◽  
S. Khanam ◽  
J.-H. Roh ◽  
H.-J. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Oryza Minuta ◽  
Resistance Variation ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Diseased Leaf Area

  Introgression lines derived from Oryza minuta and O. sativa subsp. japonica var. Junambyeo were crossed for a mapping of the population composed of 112 recombinant lines to identify putative QTLs against rice blast disease using the percentage of diseased leaf area. By using 148 Sequence Tagged Site (STS) and Single Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, five QTLs on chromosomes 6, 7, 9 and 11 and seven epistatic QTLs were identified against two blast isolates (KI307 and KI209). Of them two QTLs (qKI307-2 and qKI209-3) shared a similar position on chromosome 11. O. minuta introgression contributed the resistance allele for all of these QTLs. Combined phenotypic variations by QTL and (E-QTL) accounted for 56.9% against KI307, and 53.4% against KI209. Each QTL could account for the resistance variation between 11 and 24.6%. The resistance from wild introgressions was attributable to a combination of QTLs and epistatic effects between different loci, capable of inducing hypersensitive reactions. Our findings are in support of the strategy of pyramiding major QTLs to develop improved rice varieties with durable broad spectrum resistance against the blast fungus.

scholarly journals Review: Rice Blast Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed Shahriar ◽  
Abdullah All Imtiaz ◽  
Md. Belal Hossain ◽  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Most. Nurjahan Khatun Eaty
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sexual Hybridization ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea is the major damaging disease in nearly all rice growing nations. Economically relevance with 60 percent of total population of world depending on rice as the main source of calories, may have destructive effects of the disease, however, this pathogen has developed into a pioneering model system for researching host-pathogen interactions. The disease outbreak depends on the weather and climatic conditions of the various regions. The disease's occurrence and symptoms vary from country to country. Susceptible cultivars cause huge rice production loss in yield. The principal cause of resistance breakdown in rice against rice blast disease is pathogenic variability. During sexual hybridization, pathogenic changes may provide evidence of pathogenic variation found at the asexual stage of the fungus. The virulent pathotypes cause severe disease incidence. Only through pathogenicity research the pathotypes can be determined using a collection of different rice varieties that are usually different carrying various resistance genes. Rice breeders now have a number of resistant genes however, most of the breeding programs emphasized upon monogenic resistance. Genetic heterogeneity of M. grisea should be taken into account when screening blast resistant rice genotypes through morphological analysis, pathogenicity and molecular characterization. Knowledge on the virulence of the rice blast and host resistant is essential for managing the disease. Cultivation of resistant varieties with chemical control is highly effective against blast pathogens.

scholarly journals Variation in virulence in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea in São Paulo State

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Seiiti Urashima
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
São Paulo State

Resistant varieties have been the preferred means to control Magnaporthe grisea, the causal organism of the rice blast disease. The objective of this study was to examine the degree of diversity of the pathogen in different rice growing regions of São Paulo State, Brazil. Blast samples collected from rice varieties in three different regions (Tremembé, Mococa and José Bonifácio) were analyzed for race structure employing the Japanese rice differentials. The highest degree of virulence diversity was observed in Tremembé with 22 different races in three different varieties. Furthermore, no resistance gene in the Japanese differentials was effective to all isolates of M. grisea from São Paulo State.

scholarly journals Two novel gene-specific markers at pik locus facilitate the application of rice blast resistant alleles in breeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagang Tian ◽  
Ziqiang Chen ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Zaijie Chen ◽  
Jiami Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
New Gene

Abstract Background: Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a major constraint for rice production in the world. Introgression of blast-durable resistance genes into high-yielding rice cultivars has been considered an agricultural priority in an effort to control the disease. The blast resistance Pik locus, located on chromosome 11, contains at least six important resistance genes, but these genes have not been widely employed in resistance breeding since existing markers hardly satisfy current breeding needs owing to their limited scope of application.Results: In the present study, two PCR-based markers, Pikp-Del and Pi1-In, were developed to target the specific InDel (insertion/deletion) of the Pik-p and Pi-1 genes, respectively. The two markers precisely distinguished Pik-p, Pi-1, and the K-type alleles at the Pik locus, which is a necessary element for functional genes from rice varieties. Conclusions:Two gene-specific markers of Pi-kp and Pi1 identified that only several old varieties contain the two genes, nearly half these varieties yet carry the K-type alleles. Therefore, these identified varieties can be new gene sources for developing blast resistant rice. The two newly developed markers should be highly useful for using Pi-kp, Pi1 and other resistance genes at the Pik locus in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.

scholarly journals Level of Endogenous Jasmonate is Critical for Durable Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Against Rice Blast in a Japonica Rice Variety, Ziyu44

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu An ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jinlu Li ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Qianchun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.

scholarly journals Recent advances in broad-spectrum resistance to the rice blast disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weitao Li ◽  
Mawsheng Chern ◽  
Junjie Yin ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuewei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Genetic analyses of electrophoretic enzyme variants, mating type, and hermaphroditism in Pyricularia oryzae Cavara

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hei Leung ◽  
Paul H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Variant Alleles

Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea) parasitizes a variety of gramineous hosts and causes the rice blast disease worldwide. Through matings among P. oryzae isolates from rice, finger millet, and weeping lovegrass the inheritance of electrophoretic variants of six enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), glycerate-2-dehydrogenase (G2DH), malate dehydrogenase-3 (MDH-3), lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LDH-1), and lactate dehydrogenase-3 (LDH-3) was determined. All six variants were under single gene control as determined by tetrad and random spore analysis. However, at Ldh-3 and Mdh-3, there were consistent excesses of variant alleles among ascospore segregants. Preliminary data on the genetic control of hermaphroditism suggested that maleness in two Japanese rice isolates might be due to a single gene mutation. Linkage analyses among the six electrophoretic markers, mating type, and hermaphroditism suggested loose linkage between Pgm and G2dh with a recombination frequencies of 43.0%.Key words: linkage, Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast fungus.

scholarly journals Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge, Perception and Management of Rice Blast Disease in Upland Rice Production in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hashim ◽  
Delphina P. Mamiro ◽  
Robert B. Mabagala ◽  
Tadele Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Rice Varieties

The objective of this paper was to investigate farmers’ knowledge and management of rice blast disease in Tanzania. Farmers’ household survey was conducted in five districts namely Mvomero, Morogoro rural, Ulanga, Korogwe and Muheza in April and May 2017. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaire and observations made through transect walks across selected villages. Farmers observed symptoms of rice blast disease for the first time in the past 3 to 10 years, with higher severity of blast disease in April to May each year. About 46.3% of the respondents were not aware of the cause and spread of rice blast disease. About 39.9% of the respondents associated rice blast disease with drought, high rainfall and temperature (8.7%) and soil fertility problems (5.1%). About 18.7% of the farmers reported burning of crop residues, 17.0% use of ash, 4.0% use of nitrogen fertilizer and 6.3% application of fungicide for management of rice blast disease. The majority (54.0%) of farmers did not apply any management method. Most farmers planted local upland rice varieties, with only 7.7% using improved varieties. About 69.6% of the respondents shared information on disease management among themselves. Lack of knowledge, ability to afford and unavailability of effective blast disease control methods were reported to affect the management of the disease. Strengthening the capacity of farmers to identify the disease and proper management practices will sustainably solve the problem of rice blast disease in upland rice production.

Resistance development in rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea to tricyclazole

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-qing Zhang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Jian-xin Wang ◽  
Ming-guo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistance Development

scholarly journals Genomic insight into balancing high yield, good quality, and blast resistance of japonica rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xiao ◽  
Cunhong Pan ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Yunyu Wu ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Central China ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genomic Landscape

Abstract Background Balancing the yield, quality and resistance to disease is a daunting challenge in crop breeding due to the negative relationship among these traits. Large-scale genomic landscape analysis of germplasm resources is considered to be an efficient approach to dissect the genetic basis of the complex traits. Central China is one of the main regions where the japonica rice is produced. However, dozens of high-yield rice varieties in this region still exist with low quality or susceptibility to blast disease, severely limiting their application in rice production. Results Here, we re-sequence 200 japonica rice varieties grown in central China over the past 30 years and analyze the genetic structure of these cultivars using 2.4 million polymorphic SNP markers. Genome-wide association mapping and selection scans indicate that strong selection for high-yield and taste quality associated with low-amylose content may have led to the loss of resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. By extensive bioinformatic analyses of yield components, resistance to rice blast, and taste quality, we identify several superior alleles for these traits in the population. Based on this information, we successfully introduce excellent taste quality and blast-resistant alleles into the background of two high-yield cultivars and develop two elite lines, XY99 and JXY1, with excellent taste, high yield, and broad-spectrum of blast resistance. Conclusions This is the first large-scale genomic landscape analysis of japonica rice varieties grown in central China and we demonstrate a balancing of multiple agronomic traits by genomic-based strategy.

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