scholarly journals History of bacterial ring rot of potato in the Czech Lands and a proposal for relaxation of strict quarantine measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kůdela
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Czech Lands

In the supposed or proven incidence of bacterial ring rot caused by <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>sepedonicus</i> (<i>Cms</i>) in certified seed and commercial potatoes, five periods can be identified in the Czech Lands from 1910 to 2006: (<i>i</i>) high incidence of <i>Cms</i> in potato crops is claimed (about 1910–1929); (<i>ii</i>) very low incidence in certified potatoes and sporadic occurrence in commercial potatoes (about 1930–1985); (<i>iii</i>) increasing incidence of <i>Cms</i> in certified seed potatoes and its sporadic occurrence in commercial potatoes is assumed (about 1986–1997); (<i>iv</i>) a relatively high percentage of potato tuber samples proved to be infected by <i>Cms</i>, namely 1.14% in seed potatoes in 1998 and 4.13% in commercial potatoes in 1999 (1998–2004 period); (<i>v</i>) progressive decrease of <i>Cms</i> incidence to zero in seed potato samples and 0.19% in commercial samples in 2005, followed by a slight increase to 0.15% in seed potatoes and 0.23% in commercial potatoes in 2006 (2005–2006 period). Thus, up to 2006, <i>Cms</i> was and is not widely distributed in the CR and is actively and effectively controlled, mainly through the zero tolerance for ring rot bacterium in the seed potato certification program. In the CR, <i>Cms</i> has a relatively low capacity for damage and can hardly be considered as a pest of national economic importance. Strictly speaking, <i>Cms</i> does not fulfill the criteria for a quarantine organism. If, however, the quarantine status of <i>Cms</i> will be maintained, the severe post-entry measures against it should be relaxed.

How can we interpret the zero tolerance for bacterial ring rot in certified seed potatoes

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Logsdon ◽  
H. W. Poulsen ◽  
John J. Adams ◽  
J. W. Scannell ◽  
C. W. Frutchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Certified Seed ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Ring Rot

scholarly journals Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Cincin Bakteri, pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Ineu Sulastrini ◽  
Iin Rusita
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACT Inoculation Techniques of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the Cause of Bacterial Ring Rot Disease, on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the cause of bacterial ring rot disease on potatoes, has been detected in potato fields in Pangalengan. To anticipate the spread of the pathogen, researches on the desease epidemiology are urgent to be carried out. Artificial inoculation techniques will be useful in the epidemiological studies. The objective of this reasearch was to evaluate some inoculation techniques, which are simple, cheap and fast in causing disease symptoms. The experiment was carried out at the laboratory and glasshouse of Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design with five treatments of inoculation technique and five replications. The treatments were (a) soaking wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (b) soaking not wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (c) pathogen suspension was injected into leaf axil, (d) pathogen suspension was injected into seed tubers, and (e) pathogen suspension was poured into the planting holes. The results showed that stabbing and soaking tubers in pathogen suspension caused the shortest incubation period (17 days after inoculation) and the highest disease incidence (60%). Keywords : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Bacterial ring rot, Potatoes, Inoculation techniquesABSTRAKClavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), penyebab penyakit busuk cincin bakteri pada tanaman kentang, telah terdeteksi keberadaannya pada pertanaman kentang di Pangalengan. Dalam upaya mencegah penyebaran penyakit busuk cincin bakteri di Indonesia, perlu adanya studi epidemiologi patogen tersebut. Pada penelitian epidemiologi akan diperlukan cara menginokulasi tanaman secara buatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik inokulasi buatan yang dapat menyebabkan periode inkubasi yang lebih singkat dan persentase kejadian penyakit busuk cincin bakteri paling tinggi pada tanaman kentang. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. Percobaan dirancang secara rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan teknik inokulasi Cms dan lima ulangan, yaitu inokulasi dengan (a) merendam ubi benih yang telah dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (b) merendam ubi benih tanpa dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (c) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ketiak daun tanaman kentang, (d) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ubi benih, dan (e) suspensi bakteri disiramkan pada lubang tanam. Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari lima tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari lima teknik inokulasi buatan yang dilakukan, inokulasi dengan melukai ubi benih dan merendamnya dalam suspensi patogen menghasilkanJurnal Agrikultura 2016, 27 (2): 66-71ISSN 0853-2885Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter….67periode inkubasi tersingkat, yaitu 17 hari setelah inokulasi, dan persentase kejadian penyakit tertinggi yaitu sebesar 60%.Kata Kunci : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Busuk cincin bakteri, Kentang, Inokulasi buatan

scholarly journals A Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Based on the Cellulase A Gene Sequence

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Gudmestad ◽  
Ipsita Mallik ◽  
Julie S. Pasche ◽  
Nolan R. Anderson ◽  
Kasia Kinzer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, causal agent of bacterial ring rot (BRR) of potato (Solanum tuberosum), is a globally important quarantine pathogen that is managed in North America using zero tolerance regulations in the certified seed industry. C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is well documented to cause symptomless infections in potato, contributing to its persistence in certified seed stocks. Reliable laboratory methods to detect symptomless infections with a high degree of sensitivity could assist in the reduction of inoculum in certified seed potato stocks. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed using the cellulase A (CelA) gene sequence as the basis for primer design. CelA primers were specific to C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus grown in vitro and did not detect any other coryneform bacteria or potato pathogenic bacteria but did detect 69 strains of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. The CelA real-time PCR assay was more sensitive than immunofluorescence (IFA) and Cms50/72a PCR assays in detecting C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in infected potato tuber cores blended with healthy tuber cores in simulated seed lot contamination experiments. CelA primers detected nonmucoid and mucoid strains with equivalent sensitivity. In naturally infected seed lots, CelA PCR primers also were more sensitive in detecting symptomless infections of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in seed tubers prior to planting compared to Cms50/72a PCR primers, IFA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A real-time PCR format using the newly developed CelA primers proved to be a very robust detection tool for C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus with the added advantage of detecting only virulent strains of the ring rot bacterium.

scholarly journals New Type of Antimicrobial Protein Produced by the Plant Pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 5721-5727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanliang Liu ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Ingrid Holtsmark ◽  
Morten Skaugen ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inhibitory Spectrum ◽  
New Type ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

ABSTRACTIt has previously been shown that the tomato pathogenClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensissecretes a 14-kDa protein,C. michiganensissubsp.michiganensisAMP-I (CmmAMP-I), that inhibits growth ofClavibacter michiganensissubsp.sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. Using sequences obtained from tryptic fragments, we have identified the gene encodingCmmAMP-I and we have recombinantly produced the protein with an N-terminal intein tag. The gene sequence showed thatCmmAMP-I contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide for Sec-dependent secretion. The recombinant protein was highly active, with 50% growth inhibition (IC50) of approximately 10 pmol, but was not toxic to potato leaves or tubers.CmmAMP-I does not resemble any known protein and thus represents a completely new type of bacteriocin. Due to its high antimicrobial activity and its very narrow inhibitory spectrum,CmmAMP-1 may be of interest in combating potato ring rot disease.

Fate of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, the Causal Organism of Bacterial Ring Rot of Potato, in Weeds and Field Crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wolf ◽  
J. R. C. M. Beckhoven ◽  
A. Hukkanen ◽  
R. Karjalainen ◽  
P. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Ring Rot

scholarly journals The Putative Secreted Serine Protease Chp-7 Is Required for Full Virulence and Induction of a Nonhost Hypersensitive Response by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Nissinen ◽  
Yunjian Xia ◽  
Laura Mattinen ◽  
Carol A. Ishimaru ◽  
Dennis L. Knudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Mutant Library ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Biological Studies

Molecular biological studies on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato, have gained greater feasibility due to the recent availability of whole genomic sequences and genetic tools for related taxa. Here, we describe the first report of construction and characterization of a transposon (Tn) mutant library of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus sp. strain R10. Since virulence of R10 in potato has been shown previously to be associated with elicitation of a nonhost hypersensitive response (HR), the mutant library was screened initially for loss of HR in tobacco. The screen identified two HR-negative mutants containing Tn insertions within the same gene, CMS2989 (chp-7), although at distinct locations. chp-7 is one of 11 pat-1 homologs in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. HR-negative mutants of R10 multiplied to the same extent as wild type in planta but were less virulent in potato. Complementation with chp-7 restored virulence as well as the HR phenotype. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for chp-7 in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus–plant interactions.

scholarly journals Bacterial Ring Rot of Potatoes Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Lithuania

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1119
Author(s):  
L. Baranauskaite ◽  
M. Vasinauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot

Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was observed for the first time in Lithuania from 1998 to 1999. The disease, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, is considered one of the most important bacterial diseases of potato. Nearly all countries that produce potatoes report the presence of the bacterium (1). C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is listed as an A2 quarantine pathogen by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. The pathogen has a latent period that can last for several generations of potato production, thus increasing the risk for further dissemination of the disease. Plant wilting and tuber rotting, characteristic symptoms of the disease, were observed in various localities in Lithuania. The disease was found in 12 potato varieties. Disease incidence approached 5% in the field and 5 to 21% in storage. The presence of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in diseased as well as asymptomatic plant tissue was determined by immunofluorescence cell staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, respectively. More than 350 potato samples were tested. Twenty-five samples tested positive by these methods. Pathogenicity tests of 30 samples were conducted on eggplant. Characteristic symptoms were found on 21 plants. The bacteria were reisolated on nutrient dextrose agar medium from 12 inoculated eggplants. For confirmation of six suspicious strains, polymerase chain reaction with a specific Cms50 primer set was employed (2). In three cases, positive results were obtained. References: (1) I. M. Smith and L. M. F. Charles, eds. 1998. Distribution of Maps of Quarantine Pests for Europe. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. (2) D. Mills et al. Phytopathology 87:853, 1997.

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