scholarly journals Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Cincin Bakteri, pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Ineu Sulastrini ◽  
Iin Rusita
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACT Inoculation Techniques of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the Cause of Bacterial Ring Rot Disease, on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the cause of bacterial ring rot disease on potatoes, has been detected in potato fields in Pangalengan. To anticipate the spread of the pathogen, researches on the desease epidemiology are urgent to be carried out. Artificial inoculation techniques will be useful in the epidemiological studies. The objective of this reasearch was to evaluate some inoculation techniques, which are simple, cheap and fast in causing disease symptoms. The experiment was carried out at the laboratory and glasshouse of Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design with five treatments of inoculation technique and five replications. The treatments were (a) soaking wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (b) soaking not wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (c) pathogen suspension was injected into leaf axil, (d) pathogen suspension was injected into seed tubers, and (e) pathogen suspension was poured into the planting holes. The results showed that stabbing and soaking tubers in pathogen suspension caused the shortest incubation period (17 days after inoculation) and the highest disease incidence (60%). Keywords : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Bacterial ring rot, Potatoes, Inoculation techniquesABSTRAKClavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), penyebab penyakit busuk cincin bakteri pada tanaman kentang, telah terdeteksi keberadaannya pada pertanaman kentang di Pangalengan. Dalam upaya mencegah penyebaran penyakit busuk cincin bakteri di Indonesia, perlu adanya studi epidemiologi patogen tersebut. Pada penelitian epidemiologi akan diperlukan cara menginokulasi tanaman secara buatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik inokulasi buatan yang dapat menyebabkan periode inkubasi yang lebih singkat dan persentase kejadian penyakit busuk cincin bakteri paling tinggi pada tanaman kentang. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. Percobaan dirancang secara rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan teknik inokulasi Cms dan lima ulangan, yaitu inokulasi dengan (a) merendam ubi benih yang telah dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (b) merendam ubi benih tanpa dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (c) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ketiak daun tanaman kentang, (d) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ubi benih, dan (e) suspensi bakteri disiramkan pada lubang tanam. Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari lima tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari lima teknik inokulasi buatan yang dilakukan, inokulasi dengan melukai ubi benih dan merendamnya dalam suspensi patogen menghasilkanJurnal Agrikultura 2016, 27 (2): 66-71ISSN 0853-2885Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter….67periode inkubasi tersingkat, yaitu 17 hari setelah inokulasi, dan persentase kejadian penyakit tertinggi yaitu sebesar 60%.Kata Kunci : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Busuk cincin bakteri, Kentang, Inokulasi buatan

scholarly journals Bacterial Ring Rot of Potatoes Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Lithuania

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1119
Author(s):  
L. Baranauskaite ◽  
M. Vasinauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot

Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was observed for the first time in Lithuania from 1998 to 1999. The disease, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, is considered one of the most important bacterial diseases of potato. Nearly all countries that produce potatoes report the presence of the bacterium (1). C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is listed as an A2 quarantine pathogen by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. The pathogen has a latent period that can last for several generations of potato production, thus increasing the risk for further dissemination of the disease. Plant wilting and tuber rotting, characteristic symptoms of the disease, were observed in various localities in Lithuania. The disease was found in 12 potato varieties. Disease incidence approached 5% in the field and 5 to 21% in storage. The presence of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in diseased as well as asymptomatic plant tissue was determined by immunofluorescence cell staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, respectively. More than 350 potato samples were tested. Twenty-five samples tested positive by these methods. Pathogenicity tests of 30 samples were conducted on eggplant. Characteristic symptoms were found on 21 plants. The bacteria were reisolated on nutrient dextrose agar medium from 12 inoculated eggplants. For confirmation of six suspicious strains, polymerase chain reaction with a specific Cms50 primer set was employed (2). In three cases, positive results were obtained. References: (1) I. M. Smith and L. M. F. Charles, eds. 1998. Distribution of Maps of Quarantine Pests for Europe. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. (2) D. Mills et al. Phytopathology 87:853, 1997.

Symptomless infection with Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus during tissue culture propagation of potato

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Schuld ◽  
M. D. Harrison ◽  
J. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Nodal Cuttings ◽  
Symptomless Infection ◽  
Culturing Conditions

Nodal cuttings of tissue cultured potato (Solarium tuberosum L. ’Sangre’) were inoculated with the bacterial ring rot (BRR) pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms). Under commercial tissue culturing conditions, the pathogen persisted through as many as three micropropagation cycles, each consisting of production of a plantlet from an apical cutting. Infected plantlets did not develop BRR symptoms of leaf wilt or chlorosis. Signs of bacterial presence, cloudiness of tissue culturing medium or foliar lesions, were not present when the inoculum level was low, 5.0 × 102 cfu mL−1. A higher inoculum concentration (5.0 × 103 cfu mL−1) reduced plantlet height, but the lower concentration had no effect on height. Growth and viability of tissue from Cms-inoculated plantlets grown on Murashige and Skoog’s medium without sucrose, a source of carbon, were reduced compared to those grown with sucrose, but BRR symptoms were not induced at these inoculum levels. When transplanted to soilless potting medium, a basal portion of cycle 1 plantlets either died or produced a symptomatic miniplant, indicating that Cms survived during the growth of a plantlet into a miniplant. Nonsymptomatic miniplants were produced by portions of some cycle 2 and 3 Cms-infected plantlets, indicating that successive nodal propagation decreased the number of symptomatic miniplants. Bioassays of these nonsymptomatic miniplants were Cms-negative. Incubating plantlet tissue in Richardson broth for 14 d and visually observing for turbidity was not effective in detecting Cms in cultured potato tissue. Because phytopathogenic bacteria may persist in tissue cultures without causing symptoms, pathogen-specific testing of source plants and plant cultures is necessary to prevent transmission of bacteria to cultured stock and field-grown progeny.Key words: Potato shoot cultures, Solanum tuberosum L., Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, medium with no carbon, bacterial persistence and detection, symptomless infection, Solanum melongena L.

scholarly journals New Type of Antimicrobial Protein Produced by the Plant Pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 5721-5727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanliang Liu ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Ingrid Holtsmark ◽  
Morten Skaugen ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inhibitory Spectrum ◽  
New Type ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

ABSTRACTIt has previously been shown that the tomato pathogenClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensissecretes a 14-kDa protein,C. michiganensissubsp.michiganensisAMP-I (CmmAMP-I), that inhibits growth ofClavibacter michiganensissubsp.sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. Using sequences obtained from tryptic fragments, we have identified the gene encodingCmmAMP-I and we have recombinantly produced the protein with an N-terminal intein tag. The gene sequence showed thatCmmAMP-I contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide for Sec-dependent secretion. The recombinant protein was highly active, with 50% growth inhibition (IC50) of approximately 10 pmol, but was not toxic to potato leaves or tubers.CmmAMP-I does not resemble any known protein and thus represents a completely new type of bacteriocin. Due to its high antimicrobial activity and its very narrow inhibitory spectrum,CmmAMP-1 may be of interest in combating potato ring rot disease.

scholarly journals Varietal effects on Productivity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Kuru, Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
S. T. Dayok ◽  
A. T. Gani ◽  
A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Number Of Stems

A study on varietal effects on the productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons at the Research Farm of the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Kuru, Jos in Plateau State, Nigeria. The study was aimed at assessing the effect of variety on productivity of potato. The treatments consisted of two varieties of potato (improved variety: Daimat, local variety). The experiment consisted of 4 that were laid out in a 2×2 split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Crop data collected were percent germination, plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, number of branches, number of stems, stem girth, number of tubers per plant, number of seed tubers per plant, number of ware tubers per plant, weight of seed tubers per plant, weight of ware tubers per plant and total yield of potato (tons/ha). Although there was no significant effect of variety on the growth parameters of potato but the improved variety performed better than the local variety.  The improved variety is here by recommended for adoption in the study area. 

scholarly journals Persistence and Latency of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in Field-Grown Seed Potatoes

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Franc
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
Whole Seed

Whole seed tubers were inoculated with different inoculum doses of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and planted in the field. Ring rot symptom development and the persistence of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, in the absence of symptoms, was determined for four generations following introduction of inoculum. Seed tubers were not cut during propagation to preclude redistribution of inoculum. Detection of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus was positively related to inoculum dose (r = 0.97) and rapidly declined with increasing generations. Although the frequency of detection was much less following inoculation with ≤102 cells versus inoculation with ≥104 cells, all inoculum doses established latent infections that were undetected for at least one, and up to three, generations. Latency for three generations, characterized by C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus detection or ring rot symptom development during the fourth generation, was the longest time interval tested. The occurrence of latent C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus infections and the persistence of inadvertent inoculum sources may, at least partially, explain our inability to eradicate ring rot based on visible symptom expression.

scholarly journals The Putative Secreted Serine Protease Chp-7 Is Required for Full Virulence and Induction of a Nonhost Hypersensitive Response by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Nissinen ◽  
Yunjian Xia ◽  
Laura Mattinen ◽  
Carol A. Ishimaru ◽  
Dennis L. Knudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Mutant Library ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Biological Studies

Molecular biological studies on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato, have gained greater feasibility due to the recent availability of whole genomic sequences and genetic tools for related taxa. Here, we describe the first report of construction and characterization of a transposon (Tn) mutant library of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus sp. strain R10. Since virulence of R10 in potato has been shown previously to be associated with elicitation of a nonhost hypersensitive response (HR), the mutant library was screened initially for loss of HR in tobacco. The screen identified two HR-negative mutants containing Tn insertions within the same gene, CMS2989 (chp-7), although at distinct locations. chp-7 is one of 11 pat-1 homologs in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. HR-negative mutants of R10 multiplied to the same extent as wild type in planta but were less virulent in potato. Complementation with chp-7 restored virulence as well as the HR phenotype. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for chp-7 in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus–plant interactions.

scholarly journals Categorisation of reactions and enumeration of bacteria in potato cultivars inoculated with the causal agent of bacterial ring rot

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Pánková Iveta ◽  
Krejzar Václav ◽  
Krejzarová Radka
Keyword(s):  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Foliage Symptom ◽  
Symptom Group

Variability in the responses of plants propagated from in vitro tissue cultures of 52 ware and industrial potato cultivars to different Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus inoculum size was tested during 2015–2017. Bacterial ring rot symptoms on plants and tubers xylem vessels were recorded for 8 weeks and the susceptibility index (SI) for individual cultivars was calculated. Based on foliage symptoms, potato cultivars were placed into three symptoms groups. The symptomless group had SIs ≤ 1, for the moderate symptom group SIs ranged from 1.01 to 2.99, and the severe symptom group had SIs ≥ 3.0. The pathogen concentrations in vascular vessels of all infected potato plants increased during the experiment regardless of the foliage symptom group.

Влияние заражения клубней кольцевой гнилью и обработки монойодацетатом натрия совместно с прогреванием на хранение картофеля

2015 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Алла Иннокентьевна Перфильева ◽  
Е. В. Рымарева ◽  
Е. Г. Рихванов
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis

В статье обсуждается влияние на проращивание клубней монойодацетата натрия (МИА) совместно с прогреванием (45 °C, 1 ч) в качестве потенциального агента для борьбы с Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms) перед закладкой картофеля на хранение. В работе использованы клубни картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.) сорта Лукьяновский. В эксперименте присутствовало четыре варианта обработки клубней, в каждом варианте было 30 клубней. После проведенных обработок клубни помещали в условия овощехранилища на 8 месяцев. Весной подсчитывали количество ростков, измеряли длину проростков у клубней и проводили клубневой анализ. Полученные результаты статистически обрабатывали с использованием пакета программ Excel. Показано, что заражение клубней Cms снижало способность клубней к прорастанию. Обработка МИА и прогревание здоровых клубней картофеля перед закладкой на хранение подавляло прорастание клубней, что полезно для продовольственного картофеля. Результаты клубневого анализа показали, что прогревание снижало общее количество больных клубней примерно на 39 %, клубни были менее поражены кольцевой и бурой гнилями. Обработка МИА также способствовала снижению количества клубней, пораженных бурой и кольцевой гнилями. Обработка клубней МИА совместно с прогреванием снижала общее количество больных клубней, пораженных проволочником и пустотелых, кольцевой и сухой гнилями, а также паршой. Обработка МИА и прогреванием инфицированных клубней картофеля перед закладкой на хранение снимала подавляющий эффект бактерий на прорастание. Полученный результат актуален для обработки семенного картофеля, так как кольцевая гниль является латентным заболеванием.

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. [Distribution map].

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Northern Russia ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann & Kotthoff) Dye & Kemp. Actinobacteria: Actinomycetales: Microbacteriaceae. Hosts: potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Northern Russia, Siberia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK and Ukraine), Asia (China, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey and Uzbekistan), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Idaho, Kansas, North Dakota and Oregon) and South America (Bolivia).

scholarly journals Effects of Time of Earthing Up on Yield and Yield Parameters of Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Zaka District, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Fortune Tafirenyika ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Four Levels

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a strategic national food security crop in that can be used as a supplement for carbohydrates. It is the fastest growing staple food crop and source of income for poor smallholder farmers. There is limited documentation on effects of earthing up irish potatoes on yield and yield components in Zimbabwe. A field experiment was conducted in Zaka district of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe during the 2018/19 cropping season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of time of earthing up on yield and yield parameters of BP1 potato variety. The treatments consisted of four levels of time of earthing up (no earthing up (control), three, four and five weeks after plant emergence), replicated three times on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results on earthing-up at three weeks recorded significantly (P<0.013) the highest total tuber yield (21.97 t ha-1) which is 10% higher compared to no earthing up which recorded 14.43 t ha-1. Moreover, earthing up at two weeks had the least number of greening tuber yield (3%), 11% pest damaged tuber yield, 6% unmarketable tuber yield and 45% marketable tuber yield. This is in contrast with no earthing up which recorded 91% greening tuber yield, 25.3% on pest damaged tubers, 59% on unmarketable tubers and 10% marketable tuber yield. Based on the results, first earthing up should be done at three weeks after complete plant emergence at the study area under rain fed conditions for the production of potatoes with improved yield and better tuber quality.

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