Development of domestic potato breeding and seed production on the principles of public-private partnership

В последние годы, по данным ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр», доля сертифицированного семенного картофеля сортов зарубежной селекции продолжает возрастать с 77,4% в 2017 году до 86,7% в 2021 году, в то время как доля отечественных сортов снижается с 22,6% в 2017 году до 13,3% в 2021 году. При этом зарубежные селекционно-семеноводческие компании стремятся не только удовлетворить потребности современного рынка, но и способствуют его активному развитию за счет постоянного сортообновления и сортосмены. В отличие от зарубежных, отечественные сорта медленно продвигаются на поля товаропроизводителей и не составляют им конкуренцию. Для повышения конкурентоспособности российских сортов требуется максимальное соответствие отечественных селекционных достижений лучшим зарубежным сортам-аналогам, востребованным на рынке семенного и товарного картофеля. В сложившихся обстоятельствах повышение эффективности селекции с переводом ее на качественно новый уровень возможно реализовать только на основе государственного-частного партнерства. Основа развития отечественной селекции картофеля – организация двух-трех федеральных селекционно-генетических центров с обеспечением их необходимым бюджетным финансированием для выполнения этапа пребридинга или предселекции, включающей скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, поиск эффективных доноров хозяйственно полезных признаков, гибридизацию по различным направлениям селекции, освоение биоинженерных технологий и маркер-вспомогательной селекции. Региональных научных учреждений и агропредприятий, позиционируемых в качестве базовых селекционно-семеноводческих центров в количестве 7-8 в России достаточно для создания современных отечественных разработок, соответствующих требованиям рынка и конкурентоспособных с лучшими зарубежными селекционными достижениями. Кооперация федеральных и региональных научно-производственных структур по селекции и семеноводству картофеля представляется таким образом, что основным звеном создания и продвижения новых перспективных сортов становится региональный селекционно-семеноводческий центр, заинтересованный в успешной реализации сорта на рынке семенного и товарного картофеля и способный собирать роялти за его использование. При этом появляется возможность финансовой поддержки науки в лице селекционно-генетических центров на договорных условиях с селекционно-семеноводческими центрами. In recent years, according to the FSBI Rosselkhoznadzor, the share of certified seed potatoes of varieties of foreign selection continues to increase from 77.4% in 2017 to 86.7% in 2021, while the share of domestic varieties decreases from 22.6% in 2017 to 13.3% in 2021. At the same time, foreign seed breeding companies strive not only to meet the needs of the modern market, but also contribute to its active development through constant variety renewal and variety exchange. Unlike foreign varieties, domestic varieties are slowly moving into the fields of commodity producers and do not compete with them. To increase the competitiveness of Russian varieties, maximum compliance of domestic breeding achievements with the best foreign varieties-analogues in demand on the market of seed and commodity potatoes is required. Under the circumstances, it is possible to increase the efficiency of breeding with its transfer to a qualitatively new level only on the basis of public and private partnership. The basis for the development of domestic potato breeding is the organization of two or three federal breeding and genetic centers, providing them with the necessary budget funding to complete the stage of prebreeding or preselection, including screening and constant updating of the gene pool, the search for effective donors of economically useful traits, hybridization in various areas of breeding, the development of bioengineering technologies and marker-assisted selection.Regional scientific institutions and agro-enterprises positioned as basic seed breeding centers in the number of 7-8 in Russia are enough to create modern domestic developments that meet the requirements of the market and are competitive with the best foreign breeding achievements. The cooperation of federal and regional scientific and production structures for potato breeding and seed production is presented in such a way that the main link in the creation and promotion of new promising varieties becomes a regional seed breeding center interested in the successful sale of varieties on the market of seed and commodity potatoes and able to collect royalties for its use. At the same time, there is an opportunity for financial support of science in the face of breeding and genetic centers on contractual terms with breeding and seed centers. Key words: potatoes, breeding, varieties, competitiveness, public-private partnership.

Alih Inovasi Teknologi Dalam Peningkatan Profit Kedelai

The ability to increase national soybean productivity is still low. Every year the obstacle that causes farmers is it is difficult to procure quality soybean seeds and access certified seed stocks in captivity. In this condition, there needs to be a solution to support the use of quality seeds and the ease of purchasing superior/quality seeds by farmers independently and sustainably. The results of this study stated that 1) Detap 1 variety was in accordance with preferences and significantly increased soybean farming income in supporting the availability of quality consumption soybeans in East Java; 2) Gapoktan independence in preserving the Detap 1 variety with local seed farming; 3) Regional assistance by agricultural ministers and agricultural extension workers consistently as facilitators and regulators of leading technological innovations.

Marketing Farmers’ Varieties in Europe: Encouraging Pathways with Missing Links for the Recognition and Support of Farmer Seed Systems

Farmer seed systems come in many shades: Conserving, producing, and using diverse plant material for different motives and purposes, whether the conservation or selection of locally adapted plant varieties and populations, or the safeguard of social bonds to secure economic stability and integration into rural communities. In Europe, strict seed marketing rules, by viewing any exchange of seeds as commercial exploitation, have first outlawed these farmer seed systems and the varieties conserved and developed in these systems, before carving out limited space for them as derogations to the main regime that remains based on mandatory variety registration and certified seed production. Examining these spaces in the legislation of the European Union (‘EU’) and Switzerland, along with their practical implications on the ground, the article shows the conceptual shortcomings of the EU legislation to fully address all the characteristics of farmer seed systems, especially to recognize farmers’ innovation. It exposes the need to carefully define, assess and adjust the underlying objectives of the future EU legislative effort to register farmers’ varieties or allow for their exchange, to fully represent and address the complex socio-economic values and diversity of farmer seed systems. The success of these endeavors will lie in the truthful representation, but also the engagement of farmers and social actors that not only conserve, but also dynamically manage agrobiodiversity.

Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Usage Ofclimate Driven Seed Maize in Zimbabwe

The study sought to analyze the factors influencing the use of climate specific certified seeds by maize farmers in Zimbabwe. In terms of the specific objectives the study determined the level of certified seeds produced and utilized in Zimbabwe and examined the factors that influence the level of climate specific certified seeds by farmers in Zimbabwe (2010-2016) farming seasons. In terms of the research methodology, the study adopted an explanatory and gathered data from 53 participants within the maize value chain using a questionnaire. Drawing from the findings, the study revealed that the certified seed maize production increased significantly although utilization declined in the same 2010-2016 period and the surplus gap between supply and demand of certified seed was exported due to low local utilization level. The research concluded that 11.38% of the variance in certified seed maize utilized by farmers under unions are explained by the price of hybrid seed maize, quantities of fertilizer, seed maize, herbicides produced by agricultural companies as well as age differences, educational differences, backward and forward markets within the maize value chain. In order to address the gap between seedmaize produced and adopted by farmer unions, the government, must develop exist strategies which involves rural financing and lending options and prioritize a culture of investing innovations among farmer unions. Such investment strategies must provide access to climate specific certified seeds such as high analysis maize blend fertilizers, hybrid seeds, herbicides and irrigation equipment required as a package to improve maize production in Zimbabwe.

Empowering certified garlic seed producers to increase local production in Sembalun highlands of Eastern Lombok, Indonesia

Garlic demand in Indonesia reaches 500,000 tons yearly and 82.5% supplied from importation. This problem could be addressed by increasing national production. However, garlic production is very dependent on seeds availability, therefore efforts to produce high quality seeds is a must. One of the efforts is through developing certified garlic seed producers. This research aims to study efforts by Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia in empowering growth of new certified seed producers in Lombok Island. Data obtained through in-depth interviews with existing seed producers, new seed producers, community leaders and garlic farmers during 2017-2018. The results showed that formation of two new certified seed producers could increase the coverage of farmers who are assisted from the previous 10 to 20 farmers per group who have a commitment to work together to sell their garlic seeds. Seed producers can be a communication channel that increases farmers' knowledge on garlic cultivation because of an increasingly extensive network and sources of information. Supervising process to new certified seed producers enabling them to produce high quality seeds. In addition, certified garlic seeds produced are easier to recognize by buyers and able to penetrate national market with competitive prices.

industrialization of potatoes and the socioeconomic development of family farming in Lima, Peru

Objectives: To analyze the factors that influence the industrialization of the potato and its role as an innovation for the socioeconomic development of small family farming in Lima, Peru. Methodology: This study is based on different information sources from public organizations in Peru to show that the industrialization of potatoes in Lima, Peru contributes to the socioeconomic development of family farming. On this basis, recommendations are made for a business model through cooperatives oriented mainly to family farming. Results: The determining factors that influence the industrialization of potatoes in Lima are, the use of certified seed and varieties suitable for processing, compliance with good agricultural practices in potato farms and the permissible limits of presence of agrochemicals in the tuber, the adaptation to the normative framework of DL 1062 Food Safety Law, allowing to enter a market that demands food with sanitary guarantee, which can be achieved through a cooperative organization of farmers. Conclusions: The industrialization of potatoes constitutes a business opportunity to increase the supply of processed potatoes through cooperatives, generating added value for small fresh potato producers in Lima.

Economic Analysis of Potato Seed in West Java, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to study the supply of potato seed in West Java, Indonesia. The research respondent is farmers who use seed, with a sample of 377 farmers and a survey of all seed breeders totaling 43 farmers, using proportionate stratified random sampling. This research report is also complemented by a review analysis of potato seedling development in the last five years. There is considerable interest in the potential that can be developed, productive aged farmers, and adoption of new technologies. Factors exerting a strong influence include capital, technology, adequacy of seed, the proportion of certified seed, and farm credit. Factors identified as influencing the level of demand include the proportion of certified seed, seed prices, capital, and credit allocation for potato farming; at the level of supply factors that can exert influence are the availability of seed, the selling price of seed, and the capital of breeding farmers. Policy simulation on the use of certified seed potatoes shows that increase in the number of specific farm credits, the price of seed and fixed farm capital results in increased use of certified seed and reduced self-selection of seed.

Role of networking capability, socio-economic and institutional characteristics on adoption tendencies of clean seed potato agri-enterprises in central Rift Valley, Kenya

Even though quality of seed is a major yield determinant in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production and global food security, inadequate availability of and access to high quality (certified) seed is a major challenge to potato producers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to examine farmer’s adoption tendency towards decentralised clean seed potato multiplication agri-enterprise (CSPMAE) in Central Rift Valley, Kenya, which aids in implementation of stage matched entrepreneurial interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire on 54 seed potato producers and 192 non-seed potato producers, through multistage sampling. Ordered logistic regression analysis, based on the trans-theoretical model, revealed that household head, partner knowledge, gender, land size allocated for potato production, level of education, ownership of transport and/or storage facilities, frequency of interaction with certified seed potato producers and agricultural extension officers influenced adoption tendencies of CSPMAE, positively and significantly. Seed potato value chain stakeholder platforms, development workers and donors should prioritise their support for clean seed agri-enterprises to farmers with such traits. This is likely to lead to increased supply of access to clean seed, thereby improving potato yields in Kenya.

Pengaruh Komposisi Pupuk Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Budchip Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

Breeding of bud chip cane is an application of ratoon unloading program which often get difficulty fulfilling the requirement of certified seed. Efforts to increase production and restoration of soil fertility can be done application of organic fertilizer compost humic acid, kiambang, and manure. The study aims to get the best bud bud chips. Getting the most effective dose of organic fertilizer composition. and get the interaction of seed bud bud part and organic fertilizer composition. The research method used Group Random Design. The first factor is 3 parts of seedlings (B1) bud seed bud chip (B2) bud seed bud chips the middle, (B3) bud seed bud chip, and second factor amount of composition of organic fertilizer (P) comparison Humic Acid: Kiambang: : (P0) 10%: 70%: 20% (P3) 20%: 10%: 70%, (P4) 30%: P0) without organic fertilizer (P1) 30%: 40%, (P5) 100% humic acid organic fertilizer, (P6) 100% kiambang compost, and (P7) 100% manure. the results of the observations were analyzed by the analysis of variance with the F test, in the Advanced Test with the BNT Test at the 5% level of confidence. The results showed bud buds chip B1 growth faster than B2 and B3. The provision of organic fertilizer P2 composition was significantly better to plant height, while the organic fertilizer composition of P7 showed an increase in leaf number and stem diameter better than other organic composition

Analyzing Pathways of Nurturing Informal Seed Production into Formal Private Ventures for Sustainable Seed Delivery and Crop Productivity: Experiences from Ethiopia

Sustaining crop production and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa requires the availability and use of quality seed of improved varieties by smallholder farmers. The private sector has been considered as the best way to sustain seed supply and crop productivity. Unfortunately, the private sector’s share in the seed production and delivery in sub-Saharan Africa countries has not been very substantial for decades. As a consequence, farmer access to quality seed of recently released varieties remains very low. This manuscript analyzes the experiences of informal seed producers who graduated to formal private seed enterprises to understand the effectiveness of the support they receive to become viable seed ventures. We used comparative research methods to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data collected to understand the underlying mechanisms. The findings showed that the analyzed seed enterprises started with as little as about USD 300 and have already multiplied over tenfold their initial capital. They benefited from a wide variety of supports, e.g., quality seed production, marketing, partnerships, and value chain development trainings and infrastructures, from extension workers, research centers, national and international NGOs, and the other private seed enterprise operators like large public seed enterprises and agro-dealers. The seed enterprises are producing pre-basic, basic, and certified seed of cereals and self-pollinated legume crops delivered directly to farmers, institutional markets, and agro-dealers. The seed production data have been increasing for the past three years with an area expanding from about 30 ha to over 150 ha per year for chickpea. The seed production and delivery practices being employed are smallholder farmer-based practices that are environmentally friendly. For sustainable and reliable seed production and delivery systems in sub-Saharan Africa, a bold step is needed whereby the informal seed production entities are nurtured and upgraded into formal certified seed production ventures that deliver social and economic benefits to the promotors and the communities.