scholarly journals Effects of soil depth spatial variation on runoff simulation, using the Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM), a case study in Faucon catchment, France

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rahimy
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Depth Maps ◽  
Cover Class ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs

Soil depth is an important parameter for models of surface runoff. Commonly used models require not only accurate estimates of the parameter but also its realistic spatial distribution. The objective of this study was to use terrain and environmental variables to map soil depth, comparing different spatial prediction methods by their effect on simulated runoff hydrographs. The study area is called Faucon, and it is located in the southeast of the French Alps. An additive linear model of “land cover class” and “overland flow distance to channel network” predicted the soil depth in the best way. Regression kriging (RK) used in this model gave better accuracy than ordinary kriging (OK). The soil depth maps, including conditional simulations, were exported to the hydrologic model of LISEM, where three synthetic rainfall scenarios were used. The hydrographs produced by RK and OK were significantly different only at rainfalls of low intensity or short duration.

scholarly journals Usage of SIMWE model to model urban overland flood: a case study in Oslo

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Hongkai Gao ◽  
Yanlai Zhou ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Rengifo Z. Ortega M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Depth Maps ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Overland Flow Model

Abstract There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years. However, current stormwater management models are often too complex to apply on a large scale. To fill this gap, we use a physically based and spatially distributed overland flow model, SIMulated Water Erosion (SIMWE). The SIMWE model requires only rainfall intensity, terrain, infiltration, and surface roughness as input. The SIMWE model has great potential for application in real-time flood forecasting. In this study, we use the SIMWE model at two resolutions (20 m and 500 m) for Oslo, and at a high resolution (1 m) at the Grefsen area, which is approximately 1.5 km2 in Oslo. The results show that the SIMWE model can generate water depth maps at both coarse and high resolutions. The spatial resolution has strong impacts on the absolute values of water depth and subsequently on the classification of flood risks. The SIMWE model at a higher spatial resolution produces more overland flow and higher estimation of flood risk with low rainfall input, but larger areas of risk with high rainfall input. The Grefsen case study shows that roads act as floodways, where overland flow accumulates and moves fast.

Site Suitability Analysis for Water Conservation Using AHP and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Upper Sina River Catchment, Ahmednagar (India)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Badhe ◽  
Ravindra Medhe ◽  
Tushar Shelar
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Suitable Site

The site suitability for construction of water conservation structures is an important step towards groundwater conservation in arid and semi-arid regions. Water is the most crucial for maintaining an environment and ecosystem which is helpful to sustaining all forms of the life. The increasing water scarcity day to day has been one of the common problems over a period of time. On top of it, when the area is a part of rain shadow zone like Ahmednagar district, water conservation activities are become more important. The present study aims to identify the suitable zones for water conservation activity. Multi- criteria evaluation is carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to help the choice makers in defining suitable site for construction of water conservation structures. Different layers which were considered for multi-criteria evaluation: slope, land use land cover, soil texture, lithology, soil depth, soil erosion, wells, lineaments and drainage network. Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) is used for weighted sum to find suitable sites for implementation of water conservation activity using selected criterions. The site suitability map was classified into four classes: highly suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable and not suitable with area of 19.19%, 26%, 49.03% and 5.78, respectively. This map will help for selection of suitable sites for construction of Mati Nala Bund (MNB), Check Dam, Cement Nala Bund (CNB) and Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT) for conservation of groundwater resource in the region.

scholarly journals Designing for People’s Safety on Flooded Streets: Uncertainties and the Influence of the Cross-Section Shape, Roughness and Slopes on Hazard Criteria

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Luís Mesquita David ◽  
Rita Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flooding Risk

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

Probabilistic nature of storage delay parameter of the hydrologic model RORB: a case study for the Cooper's Creek catchment in Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Patel ◽  
Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Technique ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

In rainfall–runoff modeling, Design Event Approach is widely adopted in practice, which assumes that the rainfall depth of a given annual exceedance probability (AEP), can be converted to a flood peak of the same AEP by assuming a representative fixed value for the other model inputs/parameters such as temporal pattern, losses and storage-delay parameter of the runoff routing model. This paper presents a case study which applies Monte Carlo simulation technique (MCST) to assess the probabilistic nature of the storage delay parameter (kc) of the RORB model for the Cooper's Creek catchment in New South Wales, Australia. It has been found that the values of kc exhibit a high degree of variability, and different sets of plausible values of kc result in quite different flood peak estimates. It has been shown that a stochastic kc in the MCST provides more accurate design flood estimates than a fixed representative value of kc. The method presented in this study can be adapted to other catchments/countries to derive more accurate design flood estimates, in particular for important flood study projects, which require a sensitivity analysis to investigate the impacts of parameter uncertainty on design flood estimates.

Characterizing Overland Flow on a Preferential Infiltration Dominated Hillslope: Case Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak Sarkar ◽  
Subashisa Dutta ◽  
Sushma Panigrahy
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow

Comparison of phenology trends by land cover class: a case study in the Great Basin, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETHANY A. BRADLEY ◽  
JOHN F. MUSTARD
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Land Cover Class ◽  
Class A ◽  
Cover Class

Post Wildfire Debris Flow and Flood Analysis of the September 2020 Badger Fire in the Trapper Creek and Rock Creek Watersheds, Idaho, USA.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Turnbull ◽  
Nawa Pradhan ◽  
Ian Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Hydrologic Analysis ◽  
Flood Analysis ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Parameter Values

<p>There are several different infiltration, overland flow routing, and channel routing schemes that can be used in conjunction with recommended hydrodynamic and infiltration parameter values, which are found within the literature, to provide critical flooding assessments for stakeholders and decision makers.  We focus on post wildfire debris flow and flood analysis in two tributaries of the Snake River in Idaho, Trapper Creek and Rock Creek.  The Badger Fire started on September 12, 2020 in the Sawtooth National Forest in Idaho, USA, and burned sub-alpine fir, lodgepole pine, juniper, mountain brush and grass communities, in the upper part of both the Trapper Creek and Rock Creek watersheds.  Trapper Creek has a U.S. Geological Gaging station, and there are two snow gaging sites available.   The biggest concern for flooding and debris flow is the result of a wintertime rain-on-snow event, which resulted in the largest storm in the gaging record period.    </p><p>To estimate runoff in ungaged stream locations, existing process-based hydrodynamic models can be applied in a distributed form to solve the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy in a spatially explicit way. The purpose of this study is to predict potentially inundated land areas as a result of a rain-on-snow event, using the data in the gages basin to provide flood analysis information for both the gaged (Trapper Creek) and ungaged watershed (Rock Creek).  Rain-on-snow events are rainfall events that occur on the snowpack and frozen ground, resulting in a larger magnitude and volume of streamflow.  To predict these flows, Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) watershed models are prepared and calibrated to simulate rain-on-snow events in both watersheds.  The runoff generated from a two dimensional overland flow grid is transferred over land with a finite volume numerical method into a one dimensional channel network.  The channel network also uses a finite volume method.    The consistency in the identified range of the parametric values and their physical applicability make GSSHA an ideal candidate for this study, as the model equations provide a methods to evaluate a rain-on-snow event.</p>

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