scholarly journals The viral etiology of tomato yellow leaf curl disease – a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Glick ◽  
Y. Levy ◽  
Y. Gafni
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
South Central ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. As a result of its continuing rapid spread, it now afflicts more than 30 tomato growing countries in the Mediterranean basin, southern Asia, Africa, and South, Central and North America. The disease is caused by a group of viral species of the genus <I>Begomovirus,</I> family Geminiviridae (geminiviruses), referred to as <I>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</I> (TYLCV). These are transmitted by an insect vector, the whitefly<I> Bemisia tabaci</I>, classified in the family Aleyrodidae. The genome of TYLCV generally consists of a single circular single-stranded (ss) DNA molecule, with only one exception in which two components were identified. It encodes six open reading frames, only one of which codes for the coat protein (CP) that represents a building block of the viral particle. TYLCV, like all other members of the Geminiviridae, has geminate particles, apparently consisting of two incomplete T = 1 icosahedra joined together to produce a structure with 22 pentameric capsomers and 110 identical CP subunits. Close to 50 years of intensive research into TYLCV epidemics has been conducted to find solutions to the severe problem caused by this virus. To date, breeding for resistance appears to be the best approach to controlling this disease, although only partially resistant varieties are commercially available. Since the virus consists of a ssDNA that replicates in the host-cell nucleus, the molecular mechanisms involved in its nuclear import have been the focus of our studies in recent years and results, as well as prospects, are discussed in this review. In addition, we describe our recent finding of a suppressor of gene silencing encoded by one of the TYLCV-Isr genes. This paper provides an overview of the most outstanding achievements in TYLCV research that may lead to more effective control strategies.

scholarly journals Rapid accumulation and low degradation: key parameters of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus persistence in its insect vector Bemisia tabaci

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Becker ◽  
Loup Rimbaud ◽  
Frédéric Chiroleu ◽  
Bernard Reynaud ◽  
Gaël Thébaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Persistence ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Mapping of QTLs in tomato line FLA456 associated with resistance to a virus causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease

Euphytica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kadirvel ◽  
R. de la Peña ◽  
R. Schafleitner ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
S. Geethanjali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Engineering Plant Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus Using a Phloem-Specific Promoter Expressing Hairpin RNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Yuh Tzean ◽  
Ho-Hsiung Chang ◽  
Tsui-Chin Tu ◽  
Bo-Han Hou ◽  
Ho-Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Hairpin Rna ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Inoculation Assay ◽  
Leaf Curl

Transgenic approaches employing RNA interference (RNAi) strategies have been successfully applied to generate desired traits in plants; however, variations between RNAi transgenic siblings and the ability to quickly apply RNAi resistance to diverse cultivars remain challenging. In this study, we assessed the promoter activity of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S) and a phloem-specific promoter derived from rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and their efficacy to drive RNAi against the endogenous glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase gene (GSA) that acts as a RNAi marker, through chlorophyll synthesis inhibition, and against tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), a begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) reported to be the prevalent cause of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Taiwan. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana expressing hairpin RNA of GSA driven by either the 35S or RTBV promoter revealed that RTBV::hpGSA induced stronger silencing along the vein and more uniformed silencing phenotype among its siblings than 35S::hpGSA. Analysis of transgenic N. benthamiana, 35S::hpTYLCTHV, and RTBV::hpTYLCTHV revealed that, although 35S::hpTYLCTHV generated a higher abundance of small RNA than RTBV::hpTYLCTHV, RTBV::hpTYLCTHV transgenic plants conferred better TYLCTHV resistance than 35S::hpTYLCTHV. Grafting of wild-type (WT) scions to TYLCTHV RNAi rootstocks allowed transferable TYLCTHV resistance to the scion. A TYLCTHV-inoculation assay showed that noninfected WT scions were only observed when grafted to RTBV::hpTYLCTHV rootstocks but not 35S::hpTYLCTHV nor WT rootstocks. Together, our findings demonstrate an approach that may be widely applied to efficiently confer TYLCD resistance.

Tomato Plant Flavonoids Increase Whitefly Resistance and Reduce Spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixi Yao ◽  
Zhengke Peng ◽  
Hong Tong ◽  
Fengbo Yang ◽  
Gaoshan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus (genus Begomovirus) is the causal agent of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), which causes severe damage to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. TYLCV is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a circulative and persistent manner. Our previous studies showed that tomato flavonoids deter B. tabaci oviposition, but the effects of tomato flavonoids on the settling and feeding behavior of B. tabaci and on its transmission of TYLCV are unknown. Using two near-isogenic tomato lines that differ greatly in flavonoid levels, we found that high flavonoid production in tomato deterred the landing and settling of B. tabaci. Moreover, electrical penetration graph studies indicated that high flavonoid levels in tomato reduced B. tabaci probing and phloem-feeding efficiency. As a consequence, high flavonoid levels in tomato reduced the primary and secondary spread of TYLCV. The results indicate that tomato flavonoids provide antixenosis resistance against B. tabaci and that the breeding of such resistance in new varieties could enhance TYLCD management.

scholarly journals Virus Accumulation and Whitefly Performance Modulate the Role of Alternate Host Species as Inoculum Sources of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2958-2966
Author(s):  
Saioa Legarrea ◽  
Apurba Barman ◽  
Stanley Diffie ◽  
Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Evaluating alternate hosts that facilitate the persistence of a virus in the landscape is key to understanding virus epidemics. In this study, we explored the role of several plant species (eggplant, pepper, and Palmer amaranth) as inoculum sources of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and as reservoirs for its insect vector, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). All inoculated species were infected with TYLCV, but whiteflies acquired fewer viral copies via feeding from pepper and eggplant than from tomato and Palmer amaranth. Further, back-transmission assays to recipient tomato resulted in TYLCV infection only when TYLCV was acquired from Palmer amaranth or tomato. Analysis suggested that the role of plant species as TYLCV inoculum sources may be determined by the accumulation of viral copies in the plant, and consequently in the insect vector. In addition, results showed that all three alternate species could sustain populations of B. tabaci, while differentially influencing fitness of whiteflies. Eggplant was a superior host for whiteflies, whereas whitefly survival was compromised on pepper. Together, we demonstrate that both plant-virus and plant-vector interactions could influence the role of an alternate host in TYLCV epidemics, and in our region of study we highlight the potential risk of hosts such as Palmer amaranth in the spread of TYLCV.

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