scholarly journals Patterns of variation in lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents in flower developmental stages of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench cultivated in Slovakia

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mistríková ◽  
Š. Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flower Age

The objective of this study was to examine and demonstrate how harvesting age (flower age) contribute to the variations in the quality of <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> (L.) Moench. The effects of different flower developmental stages on caffeic acid derivatives and isobutylamide content are described. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plants with 60% ethanol and quantified by the HPLC analysis. The results revealed that the quality of <i>Echinacea</i> is strongly influenced by the flower developmental stages. The highest content of both hydrophilic and lipophilic components in the anthodium of Echinacea plants were found in the third (mature) developmental stage, which is regarded as the optimum one for the harvest to obtain optimum yield levels.

scholarly journals Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3−/NH4+ ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

AbstractMedicinal plants are considered as one of the most important sources of chemical compounds, so preparing a suitable culture media for medicinal plant growth is a critical factor. The present study is aimed to improve the caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides percentages of Echinacea purpurea root extract in hydroponic culture media with different perlite particle size and NO3−/NH4+ ratios. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied as very coarse perlite (more than 2 mm), coarse perlite (1.5–2 mm), medium perlite (1–1.5 mm), fine perlite (0.5–1 mm), and very fine perlite (less than 0.5 mm) in different ratios to peat moss (including pure perlite, 50:50 v/v, 30:70 v/v, and pure peat moss). Two NO3−/NH4+ ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested in each growing media. All phytochemical analyses were performed according to standard methods using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the E. purpurea grown in the medium containing very fine-grade perlite with 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio had the maximum caffeic acid derivatives, including chicoric acid (17 mg g−1 DW), caftaric acid (6.3 mg g−1 DW), chlorogenic acid (0.93 mg g−1 DW), cynarin (0.84 mg g−1 DW), and echinacoside (0.73 mg g−1 DW), as well as, alkylamides (54.21%). The percentages of these phytochemical compounds increased by decreasing perlite particle size and increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. The major alkylamide in the E. purpurea root extract was dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z-10 (E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide in all treatments, ranging from 31.12 to 54.21% of total dry weight. It can be concluded that optimizing hydroponic culture media and nutrient solution has significant effects on E. purpurea chemical compounds.

Floral development of Aponogeton natans and A. undulatus

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Singh ◽  
R. Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Procambial Strand ◽  
Tunica Layer

The primordia of the floral appendages are initiated in an acropetal succession. Members of the same whorl appear nearly simultaneously. The gynoecial whorl and the two staminal whorls are trimerous, whereas the perianth consists only of two anteriolateral tepals. However, the posterior (adaxial) tepal may be present as an extremely reduced buttress whose growth becomes arrested immediately after its inception. If this somewhat questionable tepal rudiment is included we have a perfectly trimerous and tetracyclic flower with alternation of successive whorls. Subtending bracts of the flowers are completely missing in all developmental stages. While the tepal primordia are dorsiventral from their inception, the stamen and pistil (carpel) primordia originate as hemispherical mounds which become dorsiventral in subsequent stages of development. Each pistil (carpel) primordium becomes horseshoe shaped. As the margins grow up and contact they fuse postgenitally. No cross zone is formed. Placentation is submarginal. In A. natans eight ovules are formed and in A. undulatus only two arise; all ovules are bitegmic. The floral apices have a two-layered tunica up to the stage of pistil formation. The inception of all floral appendages (including the ovules) occurs by periclinal cell division in the second tunica layer. The third layer (corpus) may contribute to the formation of the stamens and pistils. Each appendage primordium receives only one procambial strand which begins to differentiate after the inception of the primordium. The questionable rudimentary tepal buttress lacks a procambial strand. Apparently it does not reach the developmental stage at which procambial induction occurs. From the point of view of floral development, the two species of Aponogeton differ drastically from members of the Alismatales studied so far. Among the Helobiae, the Aponogetonaceae appear to be most closely related to the Scheuchzeriaceae and the Juncaginaceae (Triglochinaceae).

scholarly journals Effect of salicylic acid and yeast extract on caffeic acid derivatives production in Echinacea purpurea L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (78) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdoli ◽  
Zhila Mehrpooya ◽  
Mohammad Reza Talebian ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives

scholarly journals Efficient extraction of caffeic acid derivatives from adventitious roots of Echinacea purpurea

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Wu ◽  
H.N. Murthy ◽  
E.J. Hahn ◽  
H.L Lee ◽  
K.Y. Paek
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Bioreactor Cultures ◽  
Efficient Extraction

<I>Echinacea</I> species are popular herbal medicine and food supplements for enhancing the immune system. This study was conducted with the aim of developing an efficient heat reflux extraction of caffeic acid derivatives from dried adventitious roots of <I>Echinacea purpurea</I> obtained in bioreactor cultures. Water, methanol (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%), and ethanol (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) were used as solvents for the extraction of caffeic acid derivatives. Another parameter used for the optimisation was the solvent temperature during extraction. The treatment of samples with 60% ethanol at 60°C for 2 h proved to be the most suitable procedure. This treatment was also responsible for the higher yields of total phenolics, flavonoids, and polysaccharides.

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