scholarly journals Reduced microbiological contamination following irrigation of germinated seed for foods

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Danilčenko Honorata ◽  
Jarienė Elvyra ◽  
Televičiutė Dalė ◽  
Supronienė Skaidrė ◽  
Kulaitienė Jurgita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Germinated seeds are rich in various nutrients but are vulnerable to fungal contamination which favours micromycete formation on the sprouts. The main aim of this work was an investigation of strategies to reduce the contamination of sprouted seed foods. Over the course of 96 hours of sprouting, seeds of organic spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), naked oat (Avena nuda L.), triticale (xTriticosecale) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were irrigated in water filtered using the Pazdroid Med-1500 filtration device with and without 4% ethyl alcohol. Germinated seeds were stored at 18°C for one, three and seven days and the levels of Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris spp were determined. Micromycete numbers were greater in sprouted winter wheat and rye but were reduced when these were soaked and irrigated with filtered water and filtered water containing 4% ethyl alcohol. Filtered water led to greater reductions in micromycete numbers in sprouted winter and spring wheat than in other seeds.

HARMFUL EFFECT OF WORKED-DOWN WINTER WHEAT ON SPRING-SEEDED WHEAT AND RAPESEED

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. B. SCHAALJE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

Where winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was worked-down on 1 May and the plots reseeded to spring wheat immediately, no detrimental effect on yield of spring wheat was found. However, delaying this action until 15 May reduced the yields of spring-seeded wheat because of the harmful effect of decomposing winter wheat and late seeding. Moisture depletion by winter wheat was eliminated as a causative effect by light irrigations during May. Yields of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) were not so severely reduced by worked-down winter wheat. The harmful effect was significant only with 30 May cultivation and seeding date.Key words: Phytotoxicity, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris, worked-down

Cold acclimation inhibits CO2-dependent stimulation of photosynthesis in spring wheat and spring rye

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav Dahal ◽  
Khalil Kane ◽  
Fathey Sarhan ◽  
Bernard Grodzinski ◽  
Norman P.A. Hüner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Stimulation Of

We assessed the effects of short-term elevated CO2 on the light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (Asat) of spring (‘SR4A’, ‘Katepwa’) and winter (‘Musketeer’, ‘Norstar’) wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.) cultivars grown at ambient CO2 (380 µmol C·mol–1) at either 20/16 °C (nonacclimated, NA) or 5/5 °C (cold acclimated, CA). In spring wheat–rye, cold acclimation decreased CO2-stimulation of Asat by 45%–60% relative to NA controls following a short-term (80 h) shift of plants from ambient to elevated CO2 (700 µmol C·mol–1). In contrast, in winter wheat–rye, cold acclimation enhanced CO2-stimulation of Asat by 15%–35% relative to NA controls upon a shift to elevated CO2. The stimulation observed for CA spring cultivars was about 60% less than that of CA winter cultivars. We conclude that a short-term exposure of spring cultivars to elevated CO2 cannot compensate for the cold acclimation-induced inhibition of Asat. Cold acclimation of spring cultivars appeared to exacerbate Rubisco CO2 substrate limitations present under ambient CO2. Furthermore, CA spring cultivars were unable to adjust their short-term temperature sensitivity of Asat under elevated CO2 compared with the winter cultivars.

HAY AND PASTURE YIELDS OF FALL- AND SPRING-SEEDED WINTER WHEAT AND FALL RYE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
B. BERKENKAMP ◽  
J. MEERES
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Forage Yields

The forage yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fall rye (Secale cereale L.) when seeded on two dates in the fall and one in the spring were compared under simulated hay and pasture systems. Winter wheat produced higher total yields, but fall rye reached spring pasture and hay maturities 1 and 2 wk earlier, respectively, than winter wheat. When seeded in the spring, both winter wheat and fall rye produced more hay and pasture than when seeded in the fall, and there was a trend toward higher production when seeded in August than September. The hay harvests were more productive than simulated pasture for all systems.Key words: Yield, forage, hay, pasture, winter wheat, fall rye

scholarly journals Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
W. May ◽  
H. R. Kutcher ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Barley Silage

Irvine, B. R., Lafond, G. P., May, W., Kutcher, H. R., Clayton, G. W., Harker, K. N., Turkington, T. K. and Beres, B. L. 2013. Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 261–270. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has yet to reach its full potential in the Canadian prairies. Alternative stubble types are needed to help overcome the challenge of timely planting of winter wheat in late-maturing canola (Brassica napus L.) fields. A study was conducted in the prairie provinces of Canada to determine ideal stubble types for winter wheat and select spring cereals grown in the Black soil zone. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola, pea (Pisum sativum L.), barley grain or silage (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) stubbles were established at four locations in western Canada. A new study area was established at each location for 3 yr. In the year following establishment, winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, barley, and oats were grown on each stubble type at each study area. Winter wheat and spring cereal crops often yielded best and had greater grain protein concentration on barley silage, pea, and canola stubbles relative to other stubble types. The yield and grain protein concentration of spring cereals was best when grown on pea stubble. Winter wheat production attributes varied most among site by crop combinations, and further investigation indicated the source of this variability may be from winter wheat plantings on canola and pea stubble. Among the optimal stubbles, less variable results were observed when winter wheat was grown on barley silage stubble, suggesting proper crop residue management would reduce the variability observed in canola and pea stubble. Our results suggest stubble alternatives to canola are available for winter wheat plantings in western Canada.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF WINTER CEREALS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Cold-hardened crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) readily dehardened upon exposure to warm temperatures. Crowns dehardened at a faster rate at 20 C than at 10 and 15 C. Dehardened plants were capable of rehardening in a short period of time upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions. In all the dehardening studies, there was a high positive correlation between cold survival and water content of the crowns. Plants collected in the fall and stored at −2.5 C maintained the same level of hardiness for 17 wk.

INHERITANCE OF PHOTOPERIODIC HEADING RESPONSE IN WINTER AND SPRING CULTIVARS OF BREAD WHEAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. KEIM ◽  
J. R. WELSH ◽  
R. L. McCONNELL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inheritance System ◽  
Photoperiod Insensitivity ◽  
Short Days

Populations from crosses between two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) parents, Lancer and Warrior, which were sensitive to photoperiod, and Sonora 64, a photoperiod-insensitive spring wheat, were studied under a 10-h photoperiod. F2 distributions supported by F3 data demonstrated a two-gene inheritance system with dominant epistasis for insensitivity. The F2 distributions fit the hypothesis of a 12 early:3 late:1 very late ratio, where early heading in short days was associated with photoperiod insensitivity. Minor factors also appeared to affect the earliness of heading.

DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF SPRING-COLLECTED WINTER WHEATS AND A WINTER RYE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) collected early in the spring readily dehardened upon exposure to 15 C. After 6 days at 15 C, the crowns of both species were completely dehardened. Partially dehardened crowns were unable to reharden upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions and continued to lose hardiness when stored at − 2.5 C. There was a positive correlation between level of dehardening and crown moisture content. However, this relationship began to break down when attempts were made to reharden partially dehardened plants.

INFLUENCE OF DELAYED SEEDING ON YIELD, HECTOLITRE WEIGHT AND SEED SIZE OF STUBBLE-SEEDED WINTER WHEAT AND RYE GROWN IN SASKATCHEWAN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were seeded into stubble the first week of September and October on four different years at a total of 11 sites in the central, eastern and northern part of the agricultural region of Saskatchewan. The average response to delayed seeding was a reduction in yield and hectolitre weight for both species. In contrast, date of seeding did not have a large influence on kernel size. A significant environmental effect was observed for all characters measured. Productivity of both wheat and rye was high when moisture conditions were adequate. Average yield of rye was higher and 1000-kernel and hectolitre weight lower than for wheat. Significant first and second order interactions demonstrated that the effects of seeding date, species and environment were not independent. These interactions were of sufficient magnitude to introduce a risk factor which should be taken into consideration when conclusions are drawn on the influence of seeding date on yield and other agronomic characters of stubble-seeded winter cereals.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., Secale cereale L., yield, hectolitre weight, kernel size, seeding date

INHERITANCE OF MAGNETOTROPISM IN COMMON WHEAT

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH McKENZIE ◽  
U. J. PITTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

Kharkov 22 MC, a cultivar of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) whose roots show a magnetotropic response, was crossed to Reward, a cultivar of spring wheat (T. aestivum L.), whose roots show no magnetotropic response. The magnetotropic responses of the F1, B2, F2, and B2 populations were the same as that of the female parent used in the crosses or backcrosses, showing that this characteristic is inherited through the cytoplasm.

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