scholarly journals Chitosan in modern agriculture production

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 679-699
Author(s):  
Yahya Faqir ◽  
Jiahua Ma ◽  
Yunlong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

In the perspective of return to nature, using scientific and technical progress for improved living standards, people began to search for solutions to alleviate environmental pollution. Researchers intend to make clean, affordable products that are gentle yet effective. Chitosan derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans, cuticles of insects, cell walls of fungi, and some algae are renowned for many decades to exhibit biotic properties, especially anti-microbial characteristics. Here we review each ingredient for sourcing organic chitosan, with clean raw materials that can make pure, rich, and powerful products working naturally. Our study elaborates advances and utilisation of chitosan for industrial control-release fertilisers by physical, chemical, and multifaceted formulations such as water-retaining super absorbent, polyacrylic acid, and resins. Plant growth-promoting properties of chitosan as a growth regulator, pest/disease resistance, signalling regulation, effect on nuclear deformation, and apoptosis. Chitosan can improve the plant defence mechanism by stimulating photochemistry and enzymes related to photosynthesis. Furthermore, electrophysiological modification induced by chitosan can practically enable it to be utilised as a herbicide. Chitosan has an excellent role in improving soil fertility and plant growth as well as plant growth promoters. It is concluded, chitosan can play a key role in modern agriculture production and could be a valuable source promoting agricultural ecosystem sustainability. Future suggestions will be based on current achievements and also notable gaps. In addition, chitosan has a huge contribution to reducing fertilisers pollution, managing agricultural pests and pathogens in modern-day agriculture.  

scholarly journals Mecanismos de acción de las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal.

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Camelo R. ◽  
Sulma Paola Vera M. ◽  
Ruth Rebeca Bonilla B.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Growth Promoting

<p>La dinámica poblacional de la especie humana ha llevado a que la explotación de los recursos naturales, en búsqueda de suplir las necesidades alimenticias de los miles de millones de personas que habitan el planeta. Esta necesidad ha llevado a la utilización de materiales de alta eficiencia en la agricultura, variedades vegetales resistentes a plagas y enfermedades con ciclos de producción más cortos, agroquímicos que surten las necesidades nutricionales y provean protección frente factores bióticos adversos (plagas y enfermedades). Sin embargo, estas estrategias utilizadas en la agricultura moderna han generado impactos ambientales negativos que aún no comprendemos. La contaminación de aguas freáticas, eutrofización, aumento de gases de invernadero y acumulación de sustancias toxicas en la cadena trófica, son algunos de los graves problemas que se presentan por el uso indiscriminado de agroquímicos. Como alternativa a la utilización de estas sustancias, se ha propuesto el uso de bacterias rizosféricas que tienen reconocida acción sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo vegetal (PGPR, por sus siglas en ingles). Estas bacterias son capaces de estimular el desarrollo de las plantas de manera directa e indirecta y poseen una serie de mecanismos complejos que interactúan entre sí para establecer relaciones benéficas, especialmente con las raíces de las plantas objetivo. El estudio y entendimiento de las PGPR han sido temas de gran importancia en muchas investigaciones a nivel mundial, por esta razón esta revisión tiene por objetivo hacer una revisión parcial para dar a conocer los mecanismos que poseen las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en el desarrollo de las plantas, así como el papel que desempeñan en el ciclaje de nutrientes.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.</strong></p><p>The population dynamics of the human race has led to the exploitation of natural resources in search of a way to meet the nutritional needs of the billions of people inhabiting the planet. This need has led to the use of high-efficiency materials in agriculture, plant varieties with shorter production cycles that are also resistant to pests and diseases, and chemicals that provide protection against biotic factors (pests and disease), additionally the nutrients required to grow plants. However, the strategies used in modern agriculture have led to negative environmental impacts that we have yet to fully understand. Groundwater contamination, eutrophication, increased greenhouse gases, and the accumulation of toxic substances in the food chain are some of the serious problems that have arisen worldwide due to the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. As an alternative to the use of these substances, the use of rhizopheric bacteria has been proposed owing to its known action as plant growth- promoting bacteria (PGPB). These bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth directly and indirectly and have several complex mechanisms that interact with each other to establish beneficial relationships, especially with the roots of target plants. The study and understanding of PGPR have been the subjects of great importance in many studies at a global level. This review, therefore, aims to better understand the mechanisms of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant development and their role in nutrient cycling.</p>

scholarly journals Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsia Syamsia ◽  
ABUBAKAR IDHAN ◽  
AMANDA PATAPPARI FIRMANSYAH ◽  
NOERFITRYANI NOERFITRYANI ◽  
IRADHATULLAH RAHIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.

scholarly journals Genome Mining of Three Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus Species from Maize Rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju ◽  
Modupe Stella Ayilara ◽  
Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

AbstractBacillus species genomes are rich in plant growth-promoting genetic elements. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are important plant growth promoters; hence, to further improve their abilities, the genetic elements responsible for these traits were characterized and reported. Genetic elements reported include those of auxin, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, iron acquisition, volatile organic compounds, and antibiotics. Furthermore, the presence of phages and antibiotic-resistant genes in the genomes are reported. Pan-genome analysis was conducted using ten Bacillus species. From the analysis, pan-genome of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are still open. Ultimately, this study brings an insight into the genetic components of the plant growth-promoting abilities of these strains and shows their potential biotechnological applications in agriculture and other relevant sectors.

scholarly journals Biofilm Producing Rhizobacteria With Multiple Plant Growth-Promoting Traits Promote Growth of Tomato Under Water-Deficit Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Manjurul Haque ◽  
Md Khaled Mosharaf ◽  
Moriom Khatun ◽  
Md. Amdadul Haque ◽  
Md. Sanaullah Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Traits

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) not only enhance plant growth but also control phytopathogens and mitigate abiotic stresses, including water-deficit stress. In this study, 21 (26.9%) rhizobacterial strains isolated from drought-prone ecosystems of Bangladesh were able to form air–liquid (AL) biofilms in the glass test tubes containing salt-optimized broth plus glycerol (SOBG) medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Pseudomonas chlororaphis (ESR3 and ESR15), P. azotoformans ESR4, P. poae ESR6, P. fluorescens (ESR7 and ESR25), P. gessardii ESR9, P. cedrina (ESR12, ESR16, and ESR23), P. veronii (ESR13 and ESR21), P. parafulva ESB18, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ESR20, Bacillus cereus (ESD3, ESD21, and ESB22), B. horikoshii ESD16, B. aryabhattai ESB6, B. megaterium ESB9, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ESD8 were identified. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies showed that the biofilm matrices contain proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids. Congo red binding results indicated that these bacteria produced curli fimbriae and nanocellulose-rich polysaccharides. Expression of nanocellulose was also confirmed by Calcofluor binding assays and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro studies revealed that all these rhizobacterial strains expressed multiple plant growth-promoting traits including N2 fixation, production of indole-3-acetic acid, solubilization of nutrients (P, K, and Zn), and production of ammonia, siderophores, ACC deaminase, catalases, lipases, cellulases, and proteases. Several bacteria were also tolerant to multifarious stresses such as drought, high temperature, extreme pH, and salinity. Among these rhizobacteria, P. cedrina ESR12, P. chlororaphis ESR15, and B. cereus ESD3 impeded the growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ATCC 33913, while P. chlororaphis ESR15 and B. cereus ESD21 prevented the progression of Ralstonia solanacearum ATCC® 11696TM. In a pot experiment, tomato plants inoculated with P. azotoformans ESR4, P. poae ESR6, P. gessardii ESR9, P. cedrina ESR12, P. chlororaphis ESR15, S. maltophilia ESR20, P. veronii ESR21, and B. aryabhattai ESB6 exhibited an increased plant growth compared to the non-inoculated plants under water deficit-stressed conditions. Accordingly, the bacterial-treated plants showed a higher antioxidant defense system and a fewer tissue damages than non-inoculated plants under water-limiting conditions. Therefore, biofilm-producing PGPR can be utilized as plant growth promoters, suppressors of plant pathogens, and alleviators of water-deficit stress.

Arabidopsis thaliana: a model for studies of colonization by non-pathogenic and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. O'Callaghan ◽  
Richard A. Dixon ◽  
Edward C. Cocking
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Growth Promoting

This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 Arabidopsis thaliana L. has many features favoring its use as a model in studies of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as diazotrophs. Several niches are colonized in the root system of Arabidopsis, including xylem, and intact colonized roots can be observed microscopically without sectioning of tissues. Studies of plant genes involved in colonization are facilitated by the ease with which plants are transformed and by the availability of mutant lines and other accessions obtainable from stock centers. Lines of Arabidopsis carrying reporter gene fusions are helping to reveal the pattern of expression of previously cloned plant genes induced by rhizobacteria. Studies utilizing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing PGPR and Arabidopsis that contain an auxin-responsive GUS fusion suggest that plants perceive IAA released by bacteria in the rhizosphere. The role of flavonoids in the colonization of non-legumes is being assessed using transgenic Arabidopsis with altered flavonoid metabolism and using tt mutants, which lack functional versions of specific genes for flavonoid metabolism. Studies of plant defence and of stress responses are producing molecular data on plant genes induced by inoculation of Arabidopsis roots with non-pathogens.

Sterile fungi from zoysiagrass rhizosphere as plant growth promoters in spring wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manchanahally B. Shivanna ◽  
Manchanahally S. Meera ◽  
Mitsuro Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Eleven out of 18 sterile fungal isolates and an isolate each of Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. from the zoysiagrass rhizosphere were effective in enhancing the growth of two wheat varieties in greenhouse conditions. They enhanced the top length and top dry biomass of plants significantly and induced the plants to produce long earheads and more seeds. Notable among isolates were GS6-1, GS6-2, GS7-3, GS7-4, GS8-6, GS10-1, GS10-2, and GU23-3, which enhanced the growth by several times, resulting in a conspicuous growth promotion effect that differed depending on the variety. Penicillium and Trichoderma species were less effective than sterile isolates in enhancing growth. Seven of the 11 effective sterile isolates from the zoysiagrass rhizosphere (as determined under greenhouse conditions) and a wheat rhizosphere isolate (K-17) were further tested under field conditions. Most of the isolates except K-17 enhanced the growth of one variety, whereas a few isolates enhanced the growth of the other variety. However, at least four isolates each increased yields of both varieties. Isolate GS6-1, which was very effective under greenhouse conditions in promoting overall growth, was less effective under field conditions; however, the yield components were not affected. The efficiency of the plant growth promoting isolates depended upon the wheat variety and soil nutrient conditions in addition to their inherent growth promotion abilities.Key words: plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF), sterile fungi, wheat growth promotion, yield components.

scholarly journals Promotion of Nitrogen Assimilation by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Monteiro ◽  
Glauco Nogueira ◽  
Cândido Neto ◽  
Vitor Nascimento ◽  
Joze Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Many

Nitrogen fertilizers are one of the highest expenses in agricultural systems and usually a limitation to the productions of many agricultural crops worldwide. The intensive use of this element in modern agriculture represents a potential environmental threat, one of the many tools for the sustainable use of this resource without losing productivity is the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, especially nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, in considering the competitiveness of the market, studies are still needed to determine the most efficient way to use this resource and if the nitrogen mineral fertilization is indeed substitutable. As a result, this study aims to deepen the scientific knowledge of the plant-microbe interactions by addressing their main characteristics and functionalities for plant growth and development and efficiency in the use of nitrogen. For this we reviewed relevant information from scientific works that address these issues.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of bacteria and yeasts from contaminated soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Vera Karlicic ◽  
Danka Radic ◽  
Jelena Jovicic-Petrovic ◽  
Blazo Lalevic ◽  
Ljubinko Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Serratia Liquefaciens ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria and yeasts play an important role in bioremediation processes. Thirty bacterial and ten yeast isolates were obtained from PAH and PCB contaminated soil with an aim of determining the presence of PGP mechanisms (production of ammonia, indoleacetic acid, siderophores and solubilization of inorganic phosphate). As a result, three bacterial (Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus sp. and Serratia sp.) and two yeast isolates (Candida utilis and Candida tropicalis) were recognized as PGP strains. Among them, Serratia sp. showed the highest indole production (25.5 ?g/ml). Analyses of metal tolerance (Cu+2, Cr+6 and Ni+2) revealed that Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus sp., Serratia sp. and Candida tropicalis were capable to tolerate significant concentration of metals. As a result of this study several bacterial and yeast strains were attributed as potential plant growth promoters which can be applied in future remediation activities and environmental quality improvements.

scholarly journals Influence of fluorescent Pseudomonas on the growth of Mimosa scabrella seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniceli Barcellos ◽  
Vanessa Gisele Dambros ◽  
Yanka Rocha Kondo ◽  
Andressa Vasconcelos Flôres ◽  
Jussara Cristina Stinghen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Potential Use

Bracantiga (Mimosa scabrella Benth) is a native leguminous specie from the south of Brazil, with great potential for commercial use. It can be used to recover degraded areas due to their fast growth, high adaptability and root nodule formation capacity. One alternative to reduce fertilization costs of seedlings production, are the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The fluorescent group of Pseudomonas is common at several plant rhizosphere. The objective of this work was to assess the growth stimulus of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates at bracatinga seedlings. The seeds were inoculated with three bacterial isolates (CBSAL14, CBSAL18 and CBSAL05), genetically identified as Pseudomonas sp. They were previously grown in 50 mL of Luria Bertani medium for 48 h and then the seeds were submerged for 30 min in the suspensions. Subsequently, they were sown in tubes containing sterilized commercial substrate and kept in greenhouse for five months. From 61 days after sowing, seedling height and stem diameter were measured monthly. The CBSAL14 and CBSAL18 isolates promoted promoted increase in growth of seedlings height of inoculated individuals compared to control, suggesting their potential use as plant growth promoters.

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