scholarly journals PCR markers of apple resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis CKE.) controlled by Vf gene in Czech apple breeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vejl ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
J. Blažek ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Bardová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Breeding

scholarly journals The variability of Venturia inaequalis CKE. races in the Czech republic and the accumulation of resistance genes in apple germplasm

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melounová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
A. Reznerová ◽  
M. Tesařová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

The growing of resistant apple varieties against the scab, impacts the Venturia inaequalis CKE. races development that can overcome the resistance. For this reason the main breeders object is to cumulate the different genetic mechanisms of resistance against this disease. Presented in this paper is the first genetic study of monosporic isolates in the Czech Republic. By means of RAPD and UPGMA methods which characterised the variability of 10 monosporic isolates from different localities and apple varieties. The monosporic isolate derived from the resistant genotype (Vf gene) proved a 79% genetic similarity with the isolate derived from sensitive variety Top Red. The genetic similarity of other isolates did not prove the dependence either on a locality or a host variety. The Vf and Vm genes accumulation in apple germplasm by means of specific PCR markers was studied. It was confirmed that Vf gene donors are always heterozygous. Concurrently it was statistically confirmed that the donor of Vm gene (OR-45-T-132) is heterozygous, too. The accumulation of Vf and Vm major genes against the scab was validated in 25% of seedlings of the cross.  

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis Reveals Both Broad-Spectrum and Isolate-Specific QTL for Scab Resistance in an Apple Progeny Challenged with Eight Isolates of Venturia inaequalis

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Calenge ◽  
A. Faure ◽  
M. Goerre ◽  
C. Gebhardt ◽  
W. E. Van de Weg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
New Races

The major scab resistance gene Vf, extensively used in apple breeding programs, was recently overcome by the new races 6 and 7 of the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis. New, more durable, scab resistance genes are needed in apple breeding programs. F1 progeny derived from the cross between partially resistant apple cv. Discovery and apple hybrid ‘TN10-8’ were inoculated in the greenhouse with eight isolates of V. inaequalis, including isolates able to overcome Vf. One major resistance gene, Vg, and seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for resistance to these isolates. Three QTL on linkage group (LG)12, LG13, and LG15 were clearly isolate-specific. Another QTL on LG5 was detected with two isolates. Three QTL on LG1, LG2, and LG17 were identified with most isolates tested, but not with every isolate. The QTL on LG2 displayed alleles conferring different specificities. This QTL co-localized with the major scab resistance genes Vr and Vh8, whereas the QTL on LG1 colocalized with Vf. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of the V. inaequalis-Malus × domestica interaction.

scholarly journals A 33-year Evaluation of Resistance and Pathogenicity in the Apple Scab–crabapples Pathosystem

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Beckerman ◽  
James Chatfield ◽  
Erik Draper
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Residential Landscape ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trial Plot

Crabapples (Malus spp.) are popular ornamental trees in the commercial and residential landscape. Over a 33-year period at the Secrest Arboretum, Wooster, OH, 287 accessions of ornamental crabapple were evaluated for their resistance to apple scab caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. Of these 287 accessions, 31 had no symptoms of scab for longer than a 10-year period and were identified as resistant to the disease. Of these 31 resistant accessions, 14 eventually displayed symptoms, presumably as a result of infection by one or more newly present races of the pathogen in the trial plot. Notable resistance breakdowns in accessions previously classified as resistant include the development of scab on M. × ‘Prairifire’, M. × ‘Bob White’, M. × ‘Red Jewel’, and M. floribunda. Corresponding to these changes of resistance is the putative development of new V. inaequalis races in North America: Race 5, possessing virulence to the Vm gene in ‘Prairifire’; Race 3 that infects M. × ‘Geneva’ but not M. baccata ‘Dolgo’; and the first identification and report of scab on a M. floribunda population that was reported as resistant even before the first 25 years of the evaluation. The detection of scab on this species suggests the presence of Race 7 in North America for the first time. Five named accessions remained free from scab for the entire 33-year trial: M. sargentii ‘Sargent’, M. baccata ‘Jackii’, M. × ‘Beverly’, M. × ‘Silver Moon’, and M. × ‘White Angel’ and may serve as sources of durable resistance in crabapple and commercial apple breeding in the Midwest.

scholarly journals Alleles controlling apple skin colour and incompatibility in new Czech apple varieties with different degrees of resistance against Venturia inaequalis CKE.

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melounová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
J. Blažek ◽  
J. Zoufalá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
New Findings ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele

The skin colour of 21 varieties was assessed on a molecular level. Four varieties had yellow skin colour with the genotype constitution a<sup>1</sup>a<sup>1</sup>, a<sup>1</sup>a<sup>2</sup> or a<sup>2</sup>a<sup>2</sup>. Seventeen varieties had dominant red colour. Homozygous A<sup>1</sup>A<sup>1</sup> constitution was present in 7 varieties, and heterozygous constitution A<sup>1</sup>a<sup>1</sup> or A<sup>1</sup>a<sup>2</sup> was found in the rest of the assessed varieties. The S-alleles controlled the incompatibility system of the pistil. Their detection is possible by means of the PCR method on the basis of allele specific primers. Six S-alleles (S1, S2, S3, S5, S7 and S9) were studied in the same collection of 21&nbsp;diploid Czech varieties. This paper brings new findings on S-allele characterization, because the Czech varieties have not yet been studied on a molecular level. Both types of S-allele were found in 12 varieties. Only one type of S-allele was described in 9 varieties. Simultaneously, the presence of the Vf gene was screened in the collection of 21&nbsp;Czech apple varieties. Ten varieties with a field resistance against the scab had a heterozygous constitution of the Vf gene. All 11 susceptible varieties were recessive homozygous vfvf.

scholarly journals Six promising selections from the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Malus Floribunda

An apple breeding program has been carried out at the Department of Fruit Science for more than a decade. Several apple selections have been released from the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993. Six candidates were submitted for national recognition out of the hybrids examined for more than a decade. The six selections are resistant against all the three most important apple diseases (apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight). Scab resistance is controlled by the Vf gene originating from the species Malus floribunda 821 and transmitted by cultivar Prima. Heterozygote Vfvf genotype of the six cultivar candidates was proved by molecular genetic examinations of Dept. Genetics and Plant Breeding. Characteristics of these selections from 'Prima' progenies are shown on the base of our own observations.

DNA MARKING WHEN CREATING APPLE VARIETIES WITH STABLE SCAB RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
М.I. Dulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Fruit Flavor ◽  
New Generation

The use of chemical means of protection against Apple scab is associated with high material costs and causes great harm to the environment. Growing of apple varieties with stable resistance to scab (the pathogen Venturia inaequalis) will significantly limit the use of pesticides. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the Rvi6 gene is considered immune, which determines resistance to five scab races, including the most aggressive fifth. The country has scabimmune apple varieties created by scientists from VNIISPK, NCFSCHWWG, FRC named after I. V. Michurin , VSTISP and other scientific institutions. In recent years, the Rvi6 gene has been overcome by scab in many European countries, and the Rvi5 gene, which is immune to four scab races, has been overcome in Russia and Germany. When creating high-yielding apple varieties of a new generation, with good fruit flavor quality, long-term and stable resistance to scab, in addition to the rvi6 resistance gene, the most promising sources are the Rvi5, Rvi11, Rvi12, Rvi14 and Rvi15 genes. The Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi7 and Rvi9 genes in the apple breeding process are best used in extended pyramids of genetic resistance to scab. This will allow you to combine several scab resistance genes that control the immune system in one apple genotype. The article describes the characteristics of DNA markers, the nucleotide sequence of primers, the size of target fragments of the PCR product, including the size of the dominant allele product for detecting Rvi genes of the Venturia inaequalis pathogen that are promising for apple breeding in varieties and hybrid material. Amplification programs were selected to identify resistance genes to various races of apple scab.

Development of reliable PCR markers for the selection of the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple

1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tartarini ◽  
L. Gianfranceschi ◽  
S. Sansavini ◽  
C. Gessler
Keyword(s):  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Application of DNA markers for detection of scab resistant apple cultivars and selections

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mattisson ◽  
H. Nybom
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Scar Marker ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Apple Cultivars

A DNA marker-based study was undertaken to identify the occurrence of major scab resistance genes in some apple cultivars and selections of importance for apple breeding. Unfortunately none of the RAPD-based markers previously reported to detect the Va, Vb, Vr and Vx genes produced unambiguous results. By contrast, the CAPS marker MI8 produced the expected three bands in all cultivars and selections already known or suspected to have the Vf gene, as well as in the Russian cultivar 'Antonovka Polotora Funtovaja' suspected to have Va resistance which however may be allelic to Vf. Vf-carrying selections and newly named cultivars 'Frida' and 'Fredrik' are grown successfully in Sweden without fungicides, suggesting that the Vr resistance breaking scab races 6 and 7 have not yet become a problem. The SCAR marker B12 detected the Vm gene in 'Prairifire', 'Rouville', clones 'OR45T132' and 'OR48T70', and selection '16-36-193'. The SSR locus 0102b10 detected one band at 118 by in 'Reka'. This is presumed to be identical to the Vr gene marker previously reported.

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