scholarly journals Mutagenic effects of selected trichothecene mycotoxins and their combinations with aflatoxin B1

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
J. Bártová ◽  
M. Sedmíková
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Strong Mutagen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The authors focused on the amplification of data on the mutagenicity of selected trichothecene mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, vomitoxin) and their combination with aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>,which is known to be a strong mutagen. Mutagenic activity was investigated using the Ames test in a prokaryote model at low doses (close to 0.1 LD<sub>50</sub>). Whereas the individual trichothecene mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, vomitoxin) did not show any mutagenic activity in the test systems mentioned, in combination with AFB<sub>1</sub>, or as a combination of all three mycotoxins, they showed a mutagenic effect significantly greater than AFB<sub>1</sub> alone in the Ames test (in strain TA98 at all concentrations) as well as in the micronucleus test (combination of T-2 toxin with AFB<sub>1</sub>).

scholarly journals Sensitivity of plant and bacterial test systems in detecting of mutagenic effects of oil pollution

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Petimat M Djambetova ◽  
Nina V Reutova
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
By Products

The plant test system soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merill) line T219 turned out to be more sensitive than standart Ames test for evaluation of the mutagenic effect of soil, contaminated by products of combustion and domestic cottage processing of oil. It is preferable to use plant test systems for such investigations because they are more sensitive, simple and inexpensive in comparison with microbial ones.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of resveratrol

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Langová ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
P. Šmerák ◽  
J. Bártová ◽  
I. Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Evidence exists from population-based and laboratory studies that some phytochemicals have protective effects against tumors or other diseases and reveal antimutagenic activity. We studied the protective effect of the plant phytoallexin resveratrol on the mutagenic activity of three mutagens, i.e. aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]qui-noline (IQ) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) using the Ames and the micronucleus tests. In the Ames test, we proved a significant antimutagenic activity only against the indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, not against the direct mutagen MNU. A significant decrease of mutagenicity of all three mutagens was detected by the micronucleus test. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
R. Štětina ◽  
M. Langová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Green tea is the second-most consumed beverage in the world (water is the first one) and has been used medicinally for centuries in Indiaand China. The active substances in the green tea are polyphenols (catechins) and flavonols which possess a potent antioxidant activity. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the four major green tea catechins. Using the Ames test, micronucleus test, comet assay, chemiluminescence test, and blastic transformation test, we examined the antimutagenic effects of chemoprotective substance epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the pure form on the mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] qui-noline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), and the effect of EGCG on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Using the Ames test the dose dependent antimutagenic activity of EGCG was proved against indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, but not against the direct mutagen MNU. In the micronucleus test, EGCG had antimutagenic effect upon all three mutagens. EGCG decreased the level of DNA breaks induced by AFB<sub>1</sub> in bone marrow cells and colon epithelium, and the level of DNA breaks induced by MNU in colon cells to the level found in control. The reparatory effect of EGCG on immunosupression induced by all three carcinogenic compounds was proved using chemiluminescence and blastic trasformation tests. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of ellagic acid and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
B. Turek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect

Using the Ames bacterial mutagenicity test and an in vivo micronucleus test, we investigated the antigenotoxic effect of ellagic acid on the genotoxicity of three mutagens: amino-methylimidazo-quinoline (IQ), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU). Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which is found in a variety of soft fruits and vegetables. The effect of this compound on the immunosuppressive activity of mutagens was followed in vivo by the chemiluminescence test. In the Ames assay, ellagic acid at concentrations of 300 and 30 &mu;g/plate demonstrably inhibits the mutagenic activity of two indirect mutagens: IQ and AFB1. The concentration of 300 &mu;g/plate had the strongest effect on mutagenicity of all concentrations of IQ in strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium, whereas in strain TA100 concentration of 30 &mu;g per dish of ellagic acid was more effective than 300 &mu;g per plate. Also in combination with different concentrations of AFB1, ellagic acid proved to be a strong antimutagen. In this case the lower of the two effective concentrations &ndash; 30 &mu;g/plate &ndash; had a much greater antimutagenic effect on both strains tested than 300 &mu;g/plate. In combination with the direct mutagen MNU, ellagic acid did not show any marked antimutagenic effect at most of the concentrations tested in strain TA100. Only the highest concentrations of ellagic acid reduced the mutagenic effect of MNU weakly and only in combination with two lower concentrations of MNU. In the micronucleus test, three-day oral application of ellagic acid prior to the applicaton of AFB1, IQ, or MNU, respectively, markedly reduced the numbers of micronuclei induced by these three mutagens in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of mice. Chemiluminescence test with mouse granulocytes proved that ellagic acid not only prevents the inhibitory effects of mutagens on free oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide production, but that this production is stimulated by ellagic acid in combination with mutagens even to a greater extent than by ellagic acid alone. From these results we can deduce that ellagic acid repairs strong immunosuppressive effects of all mutagens applied. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Evaluation of mutagenic activity of the pesticides: actara, sencor, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac in the Ames test

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazira S Karamova ◽  
Alexandra P Denisova ◽  
Zenon Stasevski
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
S9 Fraction

The mutagenic activity of five pesticides actara, sencor, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac widely used for treatment of potato plant lands in Tatarstan was tested in the Ames test. The non toxic concentrations of the pesticides determined in preliminary cytotoxicty test were used in the Ames assay. Pesticides actara, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac did not show mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without rat liver S9 fraction. The weak mutagenic effect of herbicide sencor was established at concentration 1 ug/plate. Metabolic activation in vitro using rat liver S9 fraction decreased the mutagenic activity of sencor and did not alter the mutagenicity rate of the pesticides actara, mospilan, pencozeb and fastac.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of curcumin and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
R. Štětina ◽  
BártaI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Blastic Transformation ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B

A wide array of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory substances derived from edible plants have been reported to possess chemopreventive and chemoprotective activities. Among the most extensively investigated and well-defined dietary chemopreventives is curcumin. Using the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test, chemiluminescence test, blastic transformation test, and comet assay, we examined the antimutagenic effects of the chemically identified chemoprotective substance curcumin (diferuloylmethane) in the pure form on mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-metylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-metylurea (MNU), and the effect of curcumin on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Curcumin in the pure form showed a clear antimutagenic and immunomodulatory activities on mutagenicity and immunosuppression induced by reference mutagens. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Potential hazard of simultaneous occurrence of aflatoxin B-1 and ochratoxin A

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedmíková ◽  
H. Reisnerová ◽  
Z. Dufková ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
F. Jílek
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Contents of aflatoxin B1&nbsp;(AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OA) in the samples of wheat and barley were detected by RIA method. Average contents of AFB1&nbsp;in the samples of wheat and barley were 2.4 &micro;g/kg and 2.2 &micro;g/kg, respectively. Average contents of OA in the samples of wheat and barley were 3.1 &micro;g/kg and 2.4 &micro;g/kg, respectively. The contents of mycotoxins corresponded to the allowed limits in food. During the studies of mutagenic activity of mycotoxins and their combinations by means of Ames test it was found that OA could increase the mutagenicity of AFB1&nbsp;in the case of their simultaneous occurrence in the same substrate.

scholarly journals Characterization and Quantification of Compounds in the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves fromTerminalia catappaLinn. (Combretaceae) and Their Mutagenic Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Mininel ◽  
Carlos Sérgio Leonardo Junior ◽  
Lívia Greghi Espanha ◽  
Flávia Aparecida Resende ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Varanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Calibration Standard ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
External Calibration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
C Nmr

Terminaliais a genus of Combretaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the majority compounds of the hydroalcoholic extract (7 : 3, v/v) of the leaves fromT. catappaby HPLC-PDA, chemically characterize by hyphenated techniques (HPLC-ESI-IT-MSn) and NMR, and evaluate its mutagenic activity by theSalmonella/microsome assay onS. typhimuriumstrains TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102. The quantification of analytes was performed using an external calibration standard. Punicalagin is the most abundant polyphenol found in the leaves. The presence of this compound as a mixture of anomers was confirmed using HPLC-PDA and1H and13C NMR. Mutagenic activity was observed in strains TA100 and TA97a. As the extract is a complex mixture of punicalagin, its derivatives, and several other compounds, the observed mutagenicity may be explained in part by possible synergistic interaction between the compounds present in the extract. These studies show that mutagenic activity ofT. catappain the Ames test can only be observed when measured at high concentrations. However, considering the mutagenic effects observed forT. catappa, this plant should be used cautiously for medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mutagenic Effect ofG. acerosaandS. wightiiinS. typhimurium(TA 98, TA 100, and TA 1538 strains) and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect in Human Mononuclear Cells: A Non-Clinical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nisha Syad ◽  
Pandima Devi Kasi
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The marine red algae (Gelidiella acerosaandSargassum wightii) possessing excellent antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity were subjected to toxicity evaluation for a deeper understanding of other bioprotective properties of seaweeds. Cytotoxic evaluation was done by trypan blue exclusion, and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays using human PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and RBC (red blood cells) lysis assay using human erythrocytes. Mutagenicity of the seaweeds was analyzed by Ames salmonella mutagenicity test with the histidine dependent mutant strains TA 98, TA100 and TA 1538. Genotoxic activity was verified in PBMC by comet assay. The results suggest that benzene extract ofG. acerosa(BEGA) and dichloromethane extract ofS. wightii(DMESW) did not show cytotoxic effect both in PBMC and erythrocytes. Evaluation of mutagenic activity suggests that the seaweeds did not cause any mutagenic effects both in the absence and the presence of S9 microsomal fraction in all the threeSalmonellamutant strains. Results of genotoxic study showed that PBMC treated with seaweed extracts (1 mg/mL) exhibit less or no damage to cells, thus proving the non-genotoxic effect of the extract. Since thesein vitronon-clinical studies clearly demonstrate the non-toxic nature of the seaweeds, they could be exploited for further characterization, which would result in development of novel and safe therapeutic entities.

Evaluation of the Effects of Sterilization by Irradiation on Teratogenic Toxicity of Central Vein Catheter

2012 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Fen Ju Liu ◽  
Qing Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Medical Apparatus ◽  
Vein Catheter ◽  
Central Vein Catheter ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the teraogenic toxicity of central vein catheters after irradiation sterilization and provide basis for further application of medical apparatus in future. Methods: central vein catheters were sterilized by irradiation as ISO11137 standard, afterwards, a series of tests including chromosome aberration test, micronucleus test and Ames test were performed to evaluate their teratogenic toxicity. Results: After irradiation sterilization, the samples showed no genetic toxicity (did not cause chromosomal aberrations) and no mutagenic effect, and did not increase the incidence of bone marrow cells micronucleus, demonstrating that the product material was quite stable after irradiation. Conclusions: No teratogenicity was induced in central vein catheters by the setting dose of irradiation sterilization. And therefore irradiation sterilization is a commendable method for such kind of materials, which deserves further promotion and application.

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