scholarly journals The dissemination of pelvic limb nerves originating from the lumbosacral plexus in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata)

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Digital Nerve ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Ilioinguinal Nerve ◽  
Hystrix Cristata ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fibular Nerve

In this study the nerves originating from the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupines (<I>Hystrix cristata</I>) were investigated. Four porcupines (two males and two females) were used. The plexus lumbosacrales of animals were appropriately dissected and dissemination of pelvic limb nerves originating from the plexus lumbosacrales was examined. The nerves originated from the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupines (<I>Hystrix cristata</I>): iliohypogastric nerve from T15, ilioinguinal nerve (on the left side of only one animal) genitofemoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves from T15 and L1, the femoral and obturator nerves from T15, L1, L2 and L3. The femoral nerve divided into two as the common dorsal digital nerve I and II after it branched into motor and skin nerves. The cranial gluteal nerve originated from L3 and L4 in males and from only L3 in females. The caudal gluteal nerve and the caudal femoral cutaneous and sciatic nerves originated from the common root which was formed by the union of L3, L4 and S1 in one animal, and by the union of L3, L4, S1 and S2 in the three other animals. The sciatic nerve divided into the tibial and fibular nerve. The fibular nerve divided into two as the common dorsal digital nerve III and IV, and extended after branching in one direction to extensor muscles. The tibial nerve divided into the common palmares digital nerve I, II, III and IV, and extended after branching into the cutaneous surae caudales nerve and rami muscle distales. The cutaneous surae caudales nerve divided into the common palmar and dorsal digital nerve V. The pudendal and caudal rectal nerves originated from S2 in three animals and from S1 in the remaining animal. In the point of origin from the branches of spinal nerves originating from the plexus lumbosacrales, and also in the absence of the ilioinguinal nerve (on left side abroad of only one animal), originating from T15 and L1 of the genitofemoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves, from T15 of the iliohypogastric nerve, the studied porcupines differed from rodentia and other mammals

scholarly journals Anatomical aspects of the nerves of the leg and foot of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Linnaeus, 1758)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Cruz ◽  
J.C. Cardoso ◽  
L.B.M. Araújo ◽  
P.R. Souza ◽  
M.S.B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Saphenous Nerve ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Nerve Branch ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Fibular Nerve

Although distal stifle joint nerve distribution has been well established in domestic animals, this approach is scarcely reported in wild animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the nerves of the leg and foot of Myrmecophaga tridactyla with emphasis on their ramification, distribution, topography and territory of innervation. For this purpose, six adult cadavers fixed and preserved in 10% formalin solution were used. The nerves of the leg and foot of the M. tridactylawere the saphenous nerve (femoral nerve branch), fibular and tibial nerves and lateral sural cutaneous nerve (branches of the sciatic nerve) and caudal sural cutaneous nerve (tibial nerve branch). The saphenous nerve branches to the skin, the craniomedial surface of the leg, the medial surface of the tarsal and metatarsal regions and the dorsomedial surface of the digits I and II (100% of cases), III (50% of cases) and IV (25% of cases). The lateral sural cutaneous nerve innervates the skin of the craniolateral region of the knee and leg. The fibular nerve innervates the flexor and extensor muscles of the tarsal region of the digits and skin of the craniolateral surface of the leg and dorsolateral surface of the foot. The tibial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the tarsal joint and flexor, adductor and abductor muscles of the digits and the skin of the plantar surface. The caudal sural cutaneous nerve innervates the skin of the caudal surface of the leg. The nerves responsible for the leg and foot innervation were the same as reported in domestic and wild animals, but with some differences, such as the more distal division of the common fibular nerve, the absence of dorsal metatarsal branches of the deep fibular nerve and a greater involvement of the saphenous nerve in the digital innervation with branches to the digits III and IV, in addition to digits I and II.

scholarly journals The spinal nerves that constitute the lumbosacral plexus and their distribution in the chinchilla

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Martinez-Pereira ◽  
E. M. Rickes
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus ◽  
Ilioinguinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
L1 And L2

In this study, the spinal nerves that constitute the lumbosacral plexus (plexus lumbosacrales) (LSP) and its distribution in Chinchilla lanigera were investigated. Ten chinchillas (6 males and 4 females) were used in this research. The spinal nerves that constitute the LSP were dissected and the distribution of pelvic limb nerves originating from the plexus was examined. The iliohypogastric nerve arose from L1 and L2,, giving rise to the cranial and caudal nerves, and the ilioinguinal nerve arose from L3. The other branch of L3 gave rise to the genitofemoral nerve and 1 branch from L4 gave rise to the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve. The trunk formed by the union of L4–5 divided into medial (femoral nerve) and lateral branches (obturator nerve). It was found that the LSP was formed by all the ventral branches of L4 at L6 and S1 at S3. At the caudal part of the plexus, a thick branch, the ischiadic plexus, was formed by contributions from L5–6 and S1. This root gave rise to the nerve branches which were disseminated to the posterior limb (cranial and caudal gluteal nerves, caudal cutaneous femoral nerve and ischiadic nerve). The ischiadic nerve divided into the caudal cutaneous surae, lateral cutaneous surae, common fibular and tibial nerve. The pudendal nerve arose from S1–2 and the other branch of S2 and S3 formed the rectal caudal nerve. The results showed that the origins and distribution of spinal nerves that constitute the LSP of chinchillas were similar to those of a few rodents and other mammals.

Simultaneous end-to-side coaptations of two severed nerves to a single healthy nerve in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat Özbek ◽  
M. Ayberk Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Distal Stump ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fibular Nerve ◽  
Common Fibular Nerve

Object This experimental study was designed to evaluate functional and sensory outcomes and morphological features observed after simultaneous end-to-side coaptations of distal stumps of two nerves to a single neighboring nerve. Studies were performed using both parallel and end-to-side coaptation (PEC) and serial end-to-side coaptation (SEC) methods in a rat model. Methods In the PEC group, distal stumps of the sural and common fibular nerves were coapted to the intact tibial nerve 1 cm apart from each other in an end-to-side fashion. In the SEC group, identical surgical procedures apart from the coaptation method were conducted. For the coaptation method in this group, the distal stump of the common fibular nerve was first coapted to the side of the intact tibial nerve, and then the distal stump of the sural nerve was coapted to the side of the common fibular nerve 1 cm apart from the first coaptation site. Nonoperated contralateral sides were used as controls. Nerve regeneration in both groups was evaluated functionally, electrophysiologically, and histomorphometrically. Conclusions When there is a need for two end-to-side coaptations of two severed nerves, PEC is the recommended method of choice to obtain better axonal regeneration into both nerves.

Proximal Motor Branches From the Tibial Nerve as Direct Donors to Restore Function of the Deep Fibular Nerve for Treatment of High Sciatic Nerve Injuries: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (suppl_6) ◽  
pp. ons218-ons225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pretto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Popliteal Fossa ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Medial Head ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fibular Nerve ◽  
Common Fibular Nerve

Abstract Objective: The results of surgical repair of the fibular division of the sciatic nerve have been considered unsatisfactory, especially if grafts are necessary to reconstruct the nerve. To consider the clinical application of the concept of distal nerve transfer for the treatment of high sciatic nerve injuries, this study aimed to determine detailed anatomic data about the possible donor branches from the tibial nerve that are available for reinnervation of the deep fibular nerve at the level of the popliteal fossa. Methods: An anatomic study was performed that included the dissection of the popliteal fossa in 12 lower limbs of 6 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. It focused on the detailed anatomy of the tibial nerve and its branches at the level of the proximal leg as well as the anatomy of the common fibular nerve and its largest divisions at the level of the neck of the fibula, i.e., the deep and superficial fibular nerves. Results: The branches of the tibial nerve destined to the lateral and medial head of the gastrocnemius had a mean length of 43 mm and 35 mm, respectively. The branch to the posterior soleus muscle had a mean length of 65 mm. Intraneural dissection of the common fibular nerve, isolating its deep and superficial fibular divisions, was possible to a proximal mean distance of 71 mm. A tensionless direct suture to the deep fibular nerve was made possible by using the nerve to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and the nerve to the posterior soleus muscle in all specimens. Direct suture of the nerve to the medial head of the gastrocnemius was possible in all cases except 1. Conclusion: The nerve to the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius and the nerve to the posterior soleus muscle can be used as donors to restore function of the deep fibular nerve in cases of high sciatic nerve injury. However, proximal intraneural dissection of the deep fibular division of the common fibular nerve must also be performed. We recommend that the nerve to the posterior soleus muscle should be the first choice for a donor in the proposed transfer.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Fischer-Lichte
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Common Root ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
German Court ◽  
The Ideal

The introduction ‘Philhellenism and Theatromania’ retraces the emergence of these two phenomena in the German middle class. The year 1755 marks a watershed in this regard: it saw the publication of J. J. Winckelmann’s treatise Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks and the premiere of G. E. Lessing’s first domestic tragedy Miß Sara Sampson. Both share the common root and motivation once and for all to banish Frenchified German court culture. While Winckelmann’s treatise praised the ‘noble simplicity’ and ‘quiet greatness’ of the Greek masterpieces, Lessing’s play advocated new family values and the ideal of ‘naturalness’ as the true virtues of the middle class. The merging of Philhellenism as the cult of beauty with theatromania as the quest for identifying in a social group and as an individual provided the basic condition for staging Greek tragedies.

scholarly journals The Common Fibular Nerve (and its Branches) in Fetuses

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
D Chetty ◽  
P Pillay ◽  
L Lazarus ◽  
K. S Satyapal
Keyword(s):  
The Common ◽  
Fibular Nerve ◽  
Common Fibular Nerve

scholarly journals Varied Presentation and Importance of MR Neurography of the Common Fibular Nerve in Slimmer’s Paralysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 555-564
Author(s):  
Lisa B.E. Shields ◽  
Vasudeva G. Iyer ◽  
Christopher B. Shields ◽  
Yi Ping Zhang ◽  
Abigail J. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Fibular Head ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Mr Neurography ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fibular Nerve ◽  
Common Fibular Nerve

Slimmer’s paralysis refers to a common fibular nerve palsy caused by significant and rapid weight loss. This condition usually results from entrapment of the common fibular nerve due to loss of the fat pad surrounding the fibular head. Several etiologies of common fibular nerve palsy have been proposed, including trauma, surgical complications, improperly fitted casts or braces, tumors and cysts, metabolic syndromes, and positional factors. We present 5 cases of slimmer’s paralysis in patients who had lost 32–57 kg in approximately 1 year. In 2 cases, MR neurogram of the knee demonstrated abnormalities of the common fibular nerve at the fibular head. Two patients underwent a common fibular nerve decompression at the fibular head and attained improved gait and sensorimotor function. Weight loss, diabetes mellitus, and immobilization may have contributed to slimmer’s paralysis in 1 case. Awareness of slimmer’s paralysis in patients who have lost a significant amount of weight in a short period of time is imperative to detect and treat a fibular nerve neuropathy that may ensue.

Polyneuronal innervation of an adult and embryonic lobster muscle

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
c. K. Govind ◽  
Philip J. Stephens ◽  
Judith S. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Neuromuscular Synapses ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Innervation Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Serial Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polyneuronal Innervation

Motor innervation of the deep extensor muscle in the abdomen of lobsters (Homarus americanus) was compared in adults and embryos using electrophysiological techniques. There is widespread innervation of the adult muscle by the common excitor and inhibitor axons and regionally restricted or private innervation by three more excitor axons. In the embryo the earliest sign of functional innervation revealed a single inhibitory and two to three excitatory axons thus denoting simultaneous innervation by the full complement of axons. In corroboration, serial-section electron microscopy revealed several axon profiles invading the embryonic deep extensor muscles and giving rise to well-defined neuromuscular synapses with presynaptic dense bars. Innervation patterns to homologous regions of the embryonic and adult muscles were similar, consisting of a few large inhibitory synapses and many small excitatory ones. Consequently the adult pattern of polyneuronal innervation occurs simultaneously and in toto during embryonic development.

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