scholarly journals A Re-investigation of the Concept of Word Classes Through a Categorization Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osondu C. Unegbu
Keyword(s):  
Word Classes ◽  
Concept Of Word

Die Wortklassen des Bambara: Bestand und Abgrenzung

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegmund Brauner
Keyword(s):  
Communication Process ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Concept Of Word

SummaryThe article is a revised version of the author’s concept of word classes in Bambara first published in Lehrbuch den Bambara (Leipzig 1974). The problem is also discussed in modern Mande linguistic studies of various authors (Dumestre, Ebermann etc.). Trying to further develop Fries’ concept (The Structure of English, London 1963) of analysing word classes from their grammatical-syntactical distribution, four form classes and seven classes of functional words are recognised in Bambara. In addition to these two groups a third one is postulated: communicative-pragmatic words, which do not have any syntactic function nor do they serve to realise them, they only modify the speech intention and the communication process.

Wordhood in Chamacoco

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-120
Author(s):  
Luca Ciucci
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Phonological Word ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Concept Of Word ◽  
Phonological Rules

This chapter investigates ‘wordhood’ in Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers who traditionally inhabit the department of Alto Paraguay in Paraguay. After having examined the concept of ‘word’ in Chamacoco culture and the phonological inventory of the language, this chapter defines the phonological word according to its phonological rules, segmental features, and prosodic features (stress, nasal harmony and vowel harmony). Then, the morphological structure of the main word classes (verbs, nouns and adjectives) is outlined in order to identify the grammatical word and the mismatches between phonological and grammatical word. The latter can consist of one or more phonological words, as for compound subordinators, complex predicates, and instances of reduplication. By contrast, owing to cliticization, one phonological word can comprise two or more grammatical words. Finally, the chapter describes the properties of regular clitics and distinguishes them from morphemes which are independent phonological words frequently undergoing cliticization.

scholarly journals Ausdrucksarten – ein neuer Zugang zur Wortschatzvermittlung im DaF-Unterricht

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Hennig ◽  
Isabel Buchwald-Wargenau
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Concept Of Word

Word classes are one of the most successful and famous concepts of linguistics. They are an essential part of school grammar as well as of teaching German as a foreign language. Categorizing words in word classes is based on the assumptions that a) 'word' is a relevant and definable linguistic category and b) (single) words are worth classifying. The article concentrates on the second assumption by bringing into play lexicalized multiword expressions, such as hin und her, Wohl und Wehe, im Falle, and weder noch. Because the meanings of these expressions are not predictable (due to the principle of compositionality), it does not make sense to classify the single words which are part of the expression into word classes separately. Therefore, we suggest extending the concept of word classes by including the concept of classes of multiword expression.

The notion of ‘word’ in Makary Kotoko

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-284
Author(s):  
Sean Allison
Keyword(s):  
Functional Elements ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Concept Of Word

Based on criteria proposed by Dixon and Aikhenvald (2002) for identifying grammatical and phonological words in a language, this chapter presents the notion of ‘word’ in Makary Kotoko (Chadic, Cameroon). The criteria of (i) pause phenomena, (ii) isolatability, (iii) meaning, and (iv) tone assignment are determinative, not for the identification of word per se, but for identifying word classes—in particular, the major word classes of the language: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and ideophone. Misalignment between grammatical and phonological words occurs with functional elements of the language and is addressed in a discussion of the clitics of the language. Clitic behaviour creates issues for determining orthographic words for this language which has had no known written tradition until fairly recently. Words used for expressing the concept of ‘word’ are discussed and the chapter concludes with a brief presentation of some word games used by speakers of Makary Kotoko.

Morphological Units: Words

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ramat
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Concept Of Word

This chapter deals with the discussion that has concerned and concerns the very concept of ‘word’. It considers different definitions which have been advanced according different theoretical positions. Thereafter, it examines various phenomena which are strictly bound to ‘word’: word compounds and multi-word expressions, word formation rules, word classes (or Parts-of-Speech), splinters, univerbation and, finally, word blendings

scholarly journals Which Word Classes Can The Word “Off” Belong To and Why?

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Daniel López Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Concept Of Word

Linguistic descriptions of all languages presuppose the division of words into distinct classes or lexical categories (Zyzik and Azevedo, 2009). The discovery of these distinctions - of words being nouns, adjective, verbs, etc. - is a key aspect of learning any given language (Celce-Murcia and Larsen Freeman, 1999); this distinction becomes of paramount importance if one considers too, that one word may in fact undertake more than one form, which causes complications for language learners; hence the importance for better understanding how this phenomenon takes place. The purpose of this essay is to explain and illustrate how one word can belong to different word classes. The first section introduces the concept of word class and the different word classes there are. The following sections illustrate how one word– in this case the word “off” – can in fact take different forms and in doing so have different meanings.

Accuracy of Four Language Analysis Procedures Performed Automatically

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Long ◽  
Ron W. Channell
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Human Coder ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Metalinguistic Skills

Most software for language analysis has relied on an interaction between the metalinguistic skills of a human coder and the calculating ability of the machine to produce reliable results. However, probabilistic parsing algorithms are now capable of highly accurate and completely automatic identification of grammatical word classes. The program Computerized Profiling combines a probabilistic parser with modules customized to produce four clinical grammatical analyses: MLU, LARSP, IPSyn, and DSS. The accuracy of these analyses was assessed on 69 language samples from typically developing, speech-impaired, and language-impaired children, 2 years 6 months to 7 years 10 months. Values obtained with human coding and by the software alone were compared. Results for all four analyses produced automatically were comparable to published data on the manual interrater reliability of these procedures. Clinical decisions based on cutoff scores and productivity data were little affected by the use of automatic rather than human-generated analyses. These findings bode well for future clinical and research use of automatic language analysis software.

Structural linguistics and word classes

Lingua ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 427-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
Word Classes
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