scholarly journals A mathematical model for the formation of the pricing policy and the plan of the production and transport system in a timber-processing enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Rodion Rogulin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Price Vector ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Production Problems

The formation of supply chains for raw materials is closely related to production problems involving the determination of prices for sold goods. The question often arises about the need to study the sources of raw materials and the methodology for pricing the goods produced, taking into account a large number of external aspects of the market. Often, only particular approaches to solving production problems are considered in the literature, and methods for solving the complex problem of forming supply chains for raw materials and pricing are poorly developed. This paper presents a mathematical model that makes it possible to assess the feasibility of interaction between a timber industry enterprise and a commodity exchange, with the daily formation of a price vector over the entire planning horizon. A two-stage algorithm for finding a suboptimal solution is considered, which at the first stage is based on linear optimization, and at the second, on gradient descent with the use of penalty functions. The model was tested on the data of the commodity and raw materials exchange of Russia and one of the enterprises of the Primorsky Territory. The result of testing was the volume of production of each type of product over the entire planning horizon, the volume of delivery of raw materials from regions to enterprises, as well as the methods of delivery of goods to the consumer and the policy of pricing. It is shown that almost all goods should increase in price due to a reduction in the excess volume of applications (demand) over the entire planning horizon, with the exception of two types of products. It is noted that the exchange can provide the necessary volume of raw materials for high-capacity production, which demonstrates the possibility, if necessary, to increase the volume of raw materials purchases. It is shown which goods will be included in the release plan more often than others when optimizing the price vector. The ways of delivery of final types of products are analyzed. The disadvantages and advantages of the mathematical model and algorithm are presented.

scholarly journals Model for Assessing the Effectiveness of the Formation of Sustainable Supply Chains of Raw Materials by Timber Industry Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-168
Author(s):  
R. S. Rogulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper presents a model for evaluating the effectiveness of enterprise decisions on the formation of the vector of procurement of raw materials at the timber exchange based on the volume of costs incurred. Enterprises usually set themselves the goal of incurring costs no higher than the target costs, so it becomes very important to take this factor into account during the process of evaluating efficiency. The evaluator does not always know the level of target costs, in response to which such levels are generated in the work, and for each of them the effectiveness is evaluated and an average value is taken. To calculate the efficiency indicator, a non-linear economic and mathematical model was built, which differs in the calculation of the boundary costs (efficiency boundaries) that determine the categories of efficiency. The article applies the principle of the golden ratio to determine the boundaries and categories of effectiveness. The aim of the work is to draw up a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm that allows for evaluating the effectiveness of a decision made at the enterprise for the formation of supply chains for raw materials, which is distinguished by the ability to take into account the generated different indicators of target costs and calculate the boundaries and categories of efficiency. The hypothesis of the study is the possibility of assessing the effectiveness of the decision made at the enterprise in the formation of sustainable supply chains of raw materials, provided that the evaluator is not aware of the level of targeted costs. The nonlinearity of the mathematical model predetermined the construction of a heuristic algorithm for finding the solution. With the estimate obtained, the problem of borders appears due to economic reasons. To solve this problem, the methods of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic were used. The algorithm and model were tested on the data of one of the enterprises of the Primorsky Territory. In the course of pilot application, it was shown that the boundaries of efficiency change and, as a result, have different categories of efficiency at different values of the target costs due to the nature of the efficiency assessment function. The results of the model and algorithm test showed the effectiveness of the efficiency evaluation scheme.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF RESOURCE SAVING AND INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF THEIR SOLUTIONS IN THE CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (74) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
E. Krivenko ◽  
A. Kocharyan ◽  
V. Tigranyan ◽  
N. Mirzebalaeva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Cocoa Shell

The rational use of cocoa beans as the main raw material in the production of chocolate products is an important and complex problem in the field of resource conservation facing the confectionery industry. One of the main directions of its solution is innovative technologies for the integrated use of cocoa beans, including the processing of their shell-cocoa shell, which has become a new product of confectionery production. Its acquisition contributes to improving the efficiency of the enterprise on the basis of resource-efficient technologies. This resource efficiency technology allows the production of confectionery products of the highest quality while maintaining an affordable pricing policy for the consumer and the enterprise. And also this rational use of raw materials for confectionery production contributes to ensuring environmental safety and improving the financial and economic condition of the enterprise.

scholarly journals Modeling of Promising Interaction Between a Timber Industry Enterprise and a Commodity Exchange in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-511
Author(s):  
R. S. Rogulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Integer Optimization ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Commodity Exchange ◽  
Linear Integer Programming ◽  
Model Search ◽  
Price Demand

The relevance of the study lies in the absence of works in the literature devoted to the formation of supply chains of materials in volumes sufficient for production using the apparatus of commodity exchanges. The aim of the work is to conduct an empirical study to assess the prospects for the interaction of a timber industry enterprise with a commodity exchange. For the study, a mathematical model was chosen to assess the effectiveness of the purchase of raw materials from the forestry department of the commodity exchange by an enterprise in the timber industry. The hypothesis is that the interaction of the timber industry complex can be beneficial for the enterprise. To ensure the feasibility of purchasing raw materials from the exchange, simulation modeling was chosen. For each individual simulation iteration, a linear integer programming mathematical model was used. To generate some input data, like price, demand, etc., the Monte Carlo method was used. The complexity of the problem lies in the following aspects: polynomial growth of the number of numbers; a large number of restrictions on the increase in the degree of complexity of finding the first feasible solution to the model; search for a solution within the framework of integer optimization; a fairly large number of independent simulation iterations. The practical significance of the study is to prove the expediency of purchasing raw materials by the enterprise from the commodity and raw materials exchange of Russia. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of a model for assessing the feasibility of purchasing materials using the exchange apparatus. The scientific novelty is based on the constructed mathematical model of the formation of supply chains and the volume of production, taking into account the demand in the market and the volume of materials. The model was tested on data from one forestry enterprise in the Primorsky Territory. Optimization is carried out in terms of the volume of products produced, the volume of purchased materials from each region and the stock of raw materials in the production warehouse. Based on the testing of data models of the exchange and the forestry enterprise, an analysis was performed of the possibilities for cooperation between the company and the commodity exchange. The work reflects the behavior in the long term of accumulated profit, the nature of changes in stock in the warehouse and the volume of products produced.

International Supply Chains in APR

2015 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
V. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Industry ◽  
Vertical Specialization ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
International Production ◽  
Computing Machinery ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In China

The article considers the problem of international supply chains in machinery-building. The meanings of appropriate terms are specified (outsourcing, international production sharing, vertical specialization). It is clarified (following D. Hummels et al.) the definition of vertical specialization as a structure of supply chain when a country is using imported inputs to produce goods for exports. It is emphasized that countries exporting raw materials usually show high share of vertical specialization-based trade in their exports but not in imports. Developed industrial countries (excluding Japan) usually show high content of vertical specialization-based trade in both exports and imports. Statistical analysis of the intra-industry labor division in the office, accounting and computing machinery of Asia and Pacific is made. In China and Japan most inputs consumed by office, accounting and computing machinery are of domestic origin. The larger share of intermediate production of the office, accounting and computing machinery, consumed by the same branch, in China is of domestic origin, too. It means that a queue of successive components of supply chains is placed on the territory of China. At the same time, what concerns the territory of Korea assembling industries are prevailing. In USA and Japan the branch is using as inputs mostly intermediate production of domestic origin. Still, a larger fraction of the intermediate production of the computer industry itself is imported. In the four from five countries reviewed (USA, Japan, Republic of Korea, Thailand) the imported intermediate production for computer industry used by the respective industry as inputs is larger than the domestic production. This proves high degree of internationalization of this industry in Asia and Pacific.

AUTOMATED OPERATIONAL SCHEDULING SYSTEM FOR MULTI-STAGE PRODUCTION: MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (102) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
OXANA S. LOGUNOVA ◽  
MIKHAIL B. ARKULIS
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Scheduling System ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Wip Inventory ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Strip Production

The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of production areas of multi-stage production with the possibility of rational use of equipment capacity and stocks of WIP inventory in the operation conditions of the automated operational scheduling system. Features of the considered problem regarding operative calendar planning are: necessity of processing raw materials at several stages according to the flow chart; an array of the equipment which demands division of work into three periods for each party; availability of planned and unscheduled equipment downtime; necessity to complete set of orders from several suborders; availability of incomplete production in a warehouse; restrictions in order and timing of orders. In the work, the authors construct a mathematical model with the use of multidimensional matroids with structured elements in the construction of free time scale for equipment loading. The research was carried out for a metallurgical plant at the cold strip production site...

scholarly journals Mathematical Development and Evaluation of Forecasting Models for Accuracy of Inflation in Developing Countries: A Case of Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhu-Ty Nguyen ◽  
Thanh-Tuyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Forecasting Inflation ◽  
Using Data

Inflation is a key element of a national economy, and it is also a prominent and important issue influencing the whole economy in terms of marketing. This is a complex problem requiring a large investment of time and wisdom to attain positive results. Thus, appropriate tools for forecasting inflation variables are crucial significant for policy making. In this study, both clarified value calculation and use of a genetic algorithm to find the optimal parameters are adopted simultaneously to construct improved models: ARIMA, GM(1,1), Verhulst, DGM(1,1), and DGM(2,1) by using data of Vietnamese inflation output from January 2005 to November 2013. The MAPE, MSE, RMSE, and MAD are four criteria with which the various forecasting models results are compared. Moreover, to see whether differences exist, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests are applied. Both in-sample and out-of-sample forecast performance results show that the ARIMA model has highly accurate forecasting in Raw Materials Price (RMP) and Gold Price (GP), whereas, the calculated results of GM(1,1) and DGM(1,1) are suitable to forecast Consumer Price Index (CPI). Therefore, the ARIMA, GM(1,1), and DGM(1,1) can handle the forecast accuracy of the issue, and they are suitable in modeling and forecasting of inflation in the case of Vietnam.

Data Warehousing and Mining in Supply Chains

2008 ◽  
pp. 2637-2643
Author(s):  
Richard Mathieu ◽  
Reuven R. Levary
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Transformation Process

Every finished product has gone through a series of transformations. The process begins when manufacturers purchase the raw materials that will be transformed into the components of the product. The parts are then supplied to a manufacturer, who assembles them into the finished product and ships the completed item to the consumer. The transformation process includes numerous activities (Levary, 2000).

Feeding a sustainable chemical industry: do we have the bioproducts cart before the feedstocks horse?

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 11-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Feedstock Production

A sustainable chemical industry cannot exist at scale without both sustainable feedstocks and feedstock supply chains to provide the raw materials. However, most current research focus is on producing the sustainable chemicals and materials. Little attention is given to how and by whom sustainable feedstocks will be supplied. In effect, we have put the bioproducts cart before the sustainable feedstocks horse. For example, bulky, unstable, non-commodity feedstocks such as crop residues probably cannot supply a large-scale sustainable industry. Likewise, those who manage land to produce feedstocks must benefit significantly from feedstock production, otherwise they will not participate in this industry and it will never grow. However, given real markets that properly reward farmers, demand for sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy can drive the adoption of more sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, providing many societal “win–win” opportunities. Three case studies are presented to show how this “win–win” process might unfold.

Genetic Algorithm to Solve Multi-Period, Multi-Product, Bi-Echelon Supply Chain Network Design Problem

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dhanalakshmi ◽  
P. Parthiban ◽  
K. Ganesh ◽  
T. Arunkumar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Network Design Problem ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Product Costs

In many multi-stage manufacturing supply chains, transportation related costs are a significant portion of final product costs. It is often crucial for successful decision making approaches in multi-stage manufacturing supply chains to explicitly account for non-linear transportation costs. In this article, we have explored this problem by considering a Two-Stage Production-Transportation (TSPT). A two-stage supply chain that faces a deterministic stream of external demands for a single product is considered. A finite supply of raw materials, and finite production at stage one has been assumed. Items are manufactured at stage one and transported to stage two, where the storage capacity of the warehouses is limited. Packaging is completed at stage two (that is, value is added to each item, but no new items are created), and the finished goods inventories are stored which is used to meet the final demand of customers. During each period, the optimized production levels in stage one, as well as transportation levels between stage one and stage two and routing structure from the production plant to warehouses and then to customers, must be determined. The authors consider “different cost structures,” for both manufacturing and transportation. This TSPT model with capacity constraint at both stages is optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the results obtained are compared with the results of other optimization techniques of complete enumeration, LINDO, and CPLEX.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document