scholarly journals Study on collection of real estate holding tax under China’s public land ownership system

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
신금미
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Public Land

Public land ownership

2016 ◽  
pp. 320-342
Author(s):  
Ian Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Land Ownership ◽  
Public Land

Determinants of Chinese and European Privet (Ligustrum sinense and Ligustrum vulgare) Invasion and Likelihood of Further Invasion in Southern U.S. Forestlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Hsuan Wang ◽  
William E. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
South Central

AbstractChinese and European privets are among the most aggressive invasive shrubs in forestlands of the southern United States. We analyzed extensive field data collected by the U.S. Forest Service covering 12 states to identify potential determinants of invasion and to predict likelihood of further invasion under a variety of possible management strategies. Results of multiple logistic regression, which classified 75% of the field plots correctly with regard to species presence and absence, indicated probability of invasion is correlated positively with elevation, adjacency (within 300 m) to waterbodies, mean extreme maximum temperature, site productivity, species diversity, natural regeneration, wind disturbance, animal disturbance, and private land ownership and is correlated negatively with slope, stand age, site preparation, artificial regeneration, distance to the nearest road, fire disturbance, and public land ownership. Habitats most at risk to further invasion (likelihood of invasion > 10%) under current conditions occur throughout Mississippi, with a band stretching eastward across south-central Alabama, and in eastern Texas and western Louisiana. Invasion likelihoods could be reduced most by conversion to public land ownership, followed by site preparation, fire disturbance, artificial regeneration, and elimination of animal disturbance. While conversion of land ownership may be neither feasible nor desirable, this result emphasizes the opportunity for reducing the likelihood of invasions on private lands via increased use of selected management practices.

scholarly journals Foreign Ownership of Land—Theoretical Challenges and Justifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. p104
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
National Security ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Ownership Of Land

This work addresses the theoretical issues pertaining to alien land ownership by devoting systematic attention to the economic, human rights and national security perspectives. It suggests tht an integrated system could be established with respect to states’ regulation on foreign land ownership. Firstly, alien property investors should be granted national treatment regarding land as the internationalization of the real estate market will offer optimum capital utilization and facilitate overall global economic prosperity. Secondly, in the case of investors’ free access to domestic real estate markets, states may maintain flexibility in protecting their public policies with respect to human rights and national security. However, there must be a rational justification for invoking such a reservation. Therefore, alien land law originating from human rights and agricultural security concerns may need to be closely examined to distinguish those regulations which genuinely entail public interest concerns from those which do not. Thirdly, the deep participation of states in the international regime has greatly changed the traditional views towards alien land ownership. If a free real estate market is to be established, the trend of globalization has to be further advanced.

From state restructuring to urban restructuring: The intermediation of public landownership in urban development projects in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Adisson
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
State Restructuring ◽  
Legal Infrastructure

Many urban development projects (UDPs) in Europe take place on lands belonging to public bodies and administrations, and publicly owned firms. Yet, the literature has failed to explain why a substantial proportion of the remaking of European cities is shaped on public properties, and with what outcomes. My underlying hypothesis is that the redevelopment of such properties depends primarily on the restructuring of the state. Firstly, this paper provides evidence of the relationships between three dynamics of state restructuring and the disposal of public land and real estate properties owned by one sector of the French state, that is, the railways. Secondly, the paper focuses on two UDPs of railway sites, respectively located in Paris and Nantes, in order to disclose the specificity of the redevelopment process associated with public railway properties, due to the socio-legal infrastructure of railway land disposal stemming from these dynamics. The paper demonstrates that (i) state restructuring impels various levels and organisations of the state to redevelop public land and real estate properties; and (ii) the effects of state restructuring can be explained only by analysing the mediating role of the socio-legal infrastructure of these properties, which frames the processes and outcomes of the redevelopment projects. In so doing, the paper offers a specific account of the explanatory factors, processes and outcomes of the relationship between state restructuring and a significant proportion of the restructuring of urban areas in Europe.

scholarly journals Inclusionary housing policies in Gothenburg, Sweden, and Stuttgart, Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Granath Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Inclusionary Housing ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Case Allocation

Affordable housing shortage and concerns about social and income segregation have become a focal point of housing policy debate in many Western countries, and inclusionary housing policies (IH) have become widespread. IH is a term that summarizes municipal ambitions to spur the inclusion of affordable housing in otherwise market-rate projects through development restrictions. This article investigates IH policy objectives and outcomes of policies applied by the German city of Stuttgart and a Swedish pilot project in the city of Gothenburg. Although IH policies in the two countries generally have very similar objectives and incentive structures, underlying slow-moving institutions decide fundamental traits of the fast-moving institution of IH. In the Swedish case, allocation methods of low-rent apartments under the unitary housing system might prevent targeted polices such as IH from functioning as intended. In the German case, IH is integrated into the existing social and affordable housing system. Therefore its social objectives are not contested, although the limitation of private property rights and the incentive structures of developers are bound to be discussed. Irrespective of the housing system, the extent of public land ownership might also be a decisive factor in whether to implement IH policies or not. In Stuttgart, where public land ownership is limited, IH policies might be an effective way to produce affordable housing, as alternatives, including finding inexpensive land for public production, are limited. As Gothenburg municipality owns most of the land available for housing development, has a planning monopoly and public housing companies with good financial standing, it might find other, quicker and possibly less costly, ways to develop affordable housing than applying IH, especially if it is implemented mainly through public investors.

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