YEARNING – HOMELAND – ROWAN... (ATTEMPT OF INTERPRETATION M. TSVETAEVA’S POEM “HOMESICKNESS...”)

The article is an attempt of interpretation of M. Tsvetaeva’s poem “Homesickness! Long ago…”. The aim of the article is to justify homesickness as the fundamental spiritual attunement to the world and the core of life activity. The author concludes that, the poet yearns for the fullness of being, for the true, full-blown in each moment life that reaches not only this world, but also the other one. In the act of poeticizing the poet falls out of impersonal and indifferent daily routine into a value-meaningful, personal hourly, minuteby-minute existence. Poeticizing is a cardinal linguistic shift, determined by the inner experience: distancing from any national language, or a cardinal defamiliarization of the language in the constitutive centres of its conventional symbolic coordination, recognizing it every time and, accordingly, recognizing, renaming, defamiliarizing of the world. It presupposes selfimmersion, solitude, concentrating, gathering oneself, finding the inner home. The poet’s true homeland expands into the infinite universe where each thing is present in its own unique meaning. Staying outside the homeland and homeland-speaking milieu does not mean a total loss of homeland and a meaningless destruction in a foreign land, but serves as an indispensable basis for regaining of the homeland in spirit. More than anybody else poets are immersed into the word, in search for the names, in giving meanings to things; they constantly have an inner yearning to language as the House of Being, the dwelling of all things. That is the field where the desired homeland is found.

FOREIGN LAND AND A FOREIGNER IN ASKOLD MELNYCZUK’S NOVEL "WHAT IS TOLD"

The article examines Askold Melnyczuk’s novel "What is Told". It focuses on the concept of the foreign land and the identity of a foreigner. The author used the theoretical approach of Yu. Kristeva that deals with the peculiarities of the foreigner’s worldview and her/his attitudes to the new surroundings. Yu. Kristeva considers that patience and humility determine the existence of newcomers. At the same time, their inner world is full of melancholy and longing for the idealized in their imagination abandoned land. The author of the article considered different types of geographical spaces: the mythologized town of Rozdorizzhya, where the identity of the main characters was formed, camps for temporarily displaced persons and the New World. The space of ancestors and the space of the new land are in opposition in the imagination of the main character Arkadyi. America is a technology while left behind the village in Polissya region is a deep province. The idea of a foreign land as a locus of freedom and self-realization changes after the characters arrive in the United States. Only the habitus of the Ukrainian community remains safe and understandable for newcomers. The identity of a stranger and the bitter realization of deprivation cause constant characters’ inner anxiety. They seek recognition at the individual level as well as at the collective level. However, America prefers to absorb the diversity of collectivities and creates a new community based on them. In Melnyczuk’s novel, a foreign land remains strange to Ukrainian migrants. After many decades of living in the new territory, they still dream of the abandoned Rozdorizzhya, which in their memory has become almost an image of paradise. An offspring of migrants born in the United States is integrated into the new reality. Bo Voroh does not feel melancholy and longing for the country from which his parents come. It exists for him as a myth or fiction, which his mother and father cannot abandon.

Health, Hygiene and Diets: Medical Missionaries and the Daily Life of Shanghai Residents (1870-1938)

Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century, China was the main area of western medical missions. Medical missionaries, one of the largest cross-cultural groups, left a wealth of records in a foreign land. In this article the author explored how the housing, environment, drink and diets habits of British medical missionaries in China spread the western medical knowledge, and how the medical missionaries constantly recognized, interpreted and improved the health concept toward Chinese in their daily life. The intercultural communication of medical knowledge between China and the West enriched the western public health theory on the one hand, and promoted the establishment of modern public health system in China on the other hand.

Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade

<p>Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem. Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters. </p>

Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade

<p>Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem. Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters. </p>

Riding the Wave: Daily Life and Religion among Brazilian Immigrants to Japan in the Age of COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, the world folded before an imminent pandemic. Community gatherings, events, and rituals quickly moved online. Jobs halted or were conducted remotely. The fear of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted different areas of daily life. In this article, we propose examining and analyzing the experiences and narratives of Brazilian migrants in Japan. With the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act amendment on 8 December 1989, thousands of Japanese descendants born and raised in the Americas migrated to Japan. They are the offspring of Japanese immigrants who established colonies in the Americas in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Over time, the community of Brazilian immigrants in Japan fluctuated from being a minority to become the fifth-largest ethnic group of immigrants. Our analysis focuses on two areas of concern in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: daily life—including gender, and religion. On the one hand, daily life became cumbersome due to issues related to language and the hardships of accessing health services in a foreign land. On the other hand, we state that in the process of adaptation to the new society, the role of faith communities has been notable in offering support to these immigrants. Religious institutions, in particular, confronted the fact of moving their support and activities online with the consequent difficulties for those who are not tech-savvy or lack reliable connectivity. Both situations impacted Brazilian immigrants in different ways during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlighted the agency they displayed in coping with its consequences.

Who Remembers those “Undocumented Minors”? Locating the Genealogy of the Oppressed in Valeria Luiselli’s Tell Me How It Ends

We can always look upon the intersection of history and events as an exciting façade, full of deceptions, half-baked truths, and awkward reconciliations in the framework of cultural studies. The Mexican author Valeria Luiselli’s Tell Me How It Ends (2017) attempts to trace the evolution of a set of social, political, and cultural circumstances that are pregnant with significance in the traumatic past of millions of Latin-American children refugees in the United States. First, the article will unpack how Luiselli’s impalpable domain tries to connect the unresolved experiences of the violent wounds of those children’s deportation and dislocation from Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico with their unfortunate encounters in the foreign land. Second, it will attempt to dismantle, disrupt, and deconstruct the construction of America as a heteroglossic space around the challenges of those displaced children by displaying some questions addressed to them at the immigrant court. Finally, the proposed paper will critically scrutinise how this non-fictional work follows the creeping imperialist approaches of the United States through the hazes of childhood recollections, making a heartfelt appeal to everyone to halt discrimination, racial hatred, and poisonous ignorance. Applying Agamben’s idea of the homo sacer, such a study will bring to the fore the dialectics of postcoloniality in the United States, where undocumented children’s claims to identity formation and self-determination processes would be at odds with the more comprehensive national identity in contemporary times.