Physiological Response and Photosynthate Distribution of West Indian Arrowroot at Different Altitudes

This study examined changes in certain hematological parameters in a reptilian model naturally exposed to altitude-associated hypoxia. Four populations of the Mexican lizard Sceloporus torquatus Wiegmann, 1828 (Wiegmann’s Torquate Lizard) from different altitudes were sampled to evaluate erythrocyte count (Erc), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and erythrocyte size (Ers). Blood was also assayed to determine hemoglobin ([Hb]), glucose, lactate, and electrolyte concentrations. Erc was performed using a Neubauer hemocytometer. Hct was calculated as percentage of packed cell volume by centrifuging blood samples. [Hb] was determined using a Bausch and Lomb Spectronic colorimeter. MCHC was calculated with the formula 100 × [Hb]/Hct. Ers was calculated from blood smear microphotographs analyzed with the Sigma Scan Pro software. Values of serum electrolytes (sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+)), pH, glucose, and lactate from blood samples were obtained through a blood electrolyte analyzer. Highland populations of S. torquatus exhibited a significant increase in Erc, Hct, Ers, and [Hb]. In contrast, MCHC showed no correlation with altitude. Additionally, significant differences in lactate, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ were observed in highland populations. In general, we found that most hematological parameters were significantly different among lizard populations from different altitudes. This is the first study to report changes in Ers in relation to altitude, which could be a physiological response to hypoxia.

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Physiological Response and Production Ability of Beef Cattle Raised Based on Different Altitudes in Sinjai Regency

JURNAL TERNAK ◽

10.30736/jt.v12i2.116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Hermawansyah Hermawansyah ◽

Bahri Syamsuryadi ◽

Iin Mutmainna

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Bali Cattle ◽

Materials Used ◽

Livestock Productivity ◽

Microclimate Conditions ◽

Different Altitudes

The breeders' knowledge of the suitability of the breeding environment for cattle breeds may increase livestock productivity. Determining the differences in microclimate environmental conditions, physiological responses, and production capabilities of Bali and Limousine crossbred cattle raised at different altitudes in Sinjai Regency were the aim of this study. The research was carried out on people's farms in Sinjai, which were divided into three locations based on the height of different rearing places; low areas (0-100 masl) were represented by East Sinjai sub-district, South Sinjai sub-district for medium plains areas (100-400 masl), and highland areas (>400 masl) were represented by West Sinjai sub-district. The selection was based on the height of the place and beef cattle business in the area. The materials used were 30 Balinese cattle and 24 Limousine hybrids. This research was conducted from July to September 2020. The method of the research used direct observation in the field. Data collection used the method of direct observation in the field. The parameters observed were; microclimate conditions, physiological responses, and beef cattle production capabilities. The research found that the altitude of keeping Bali cattle and Limousine breeding affected the microclimate conditions such as air temperature and humidity in the highlands. The air temperature is lower in the highlands but the humidity is higher than the lowlands. Besides, on the physiological response parameters, the altitude effected on the Limousine hybrid as well as respiratory frequency and pulse rate of Bali cattle. Respiratory and pulse rates are lower at high altitudes. The height of the breeding ground also affected the height of the Bali cattle, and the chest circumference of the Limousine hybrid.

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Preliminary Report of a Comparative Study of Seminiferous Tubular Epithelium from Rats Flown on Cosmos 1887 and SL3

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103449 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 276-277

Author(s):

Walter J. Sapp ◽

D.E. Philpott ◽

C.S. Williams ◽

K. Kato ◽

J. Stevenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Space Flight ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Preliminary Report ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Environmental Constraints ◽

Tubular Epithelium ◽

Testicular Weight ◽

Testicular Morphology ◽

Normal Offspring ◽

Rats And Mice

Space flight, with its unique environmental constraints such as immobilization, decreased and increased pressures, and radiation, is known to affect testicular morphology and spermatogenesis. Selye, summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Reports of data collected from two dogs flown in space for 22 days (Cosmos 110) indicate that there was an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa when compared to ground based controls. Seventy-five days after the flight the abnormalities had decreased to the high normal value of 30% and mating of these dogs after this period produced normal offspring, suggesting complete recovery. Effects of immobilization and increased gravity were investigated by spinning rats and mice at 2x g for 8-9 weeks. A decrease in testicular weight was noted in spun animals when compared to controls. Immobilization has been show to cause arrest of spermatogenesis in Macaca meminstrins.

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Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142864 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 248-249

Author(s):

Delbert E. Philpott ◽

W. Sapp ◽

C. Williams ◽

T. Fast ◽

J. Stevenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Status ◽

Population Size ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Social Rank ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Testicular Development ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Reproductive Maturation ◽

Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

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