scholarly journals Jordanian Wedding Invitation Genre During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-715
Author(s):  
Ahmad I. Tawalbeh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rhetorical Structure

This study examines the generic components of Arabic wedding invitation cards issued during the Covid-19 period in Jordanian society. It aims to find out the role played by the Covid-19 pandemic in shaping the rhetorical structure (moves and steps) of these cards. The sample consists of 100 electronic wedding cards which were analyzed using top-down (genre analysis approach) and bottom-up processing. The analysis shows that there are nine component moves realized by certain steps, shaping the invitation genre. It is found that this genre is subject to change which essentially affects its common main communicative purpose, viz. to invite people to celebrate the wedding in a place. It is hoped that the results of this study may confirm previous literature about the effects of the surrounding context on shaping a genre, help familiarize those interested in knowing about this Arabic genre and offer insights for those interested in conducting cross-cultural contrast.

scholarly journals Genre Analysis of Accounts of Methodology in Arabic Educational Research Articles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-301
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rhetorical Features ◽  
Rhetorical Structures

Genre analysts have conducted studies on research articles (henceforth RAs) written in different languages, giving primary attention to the introduction section. The methodology has not been given similar attention although it is an essential part of empirical RAs. There are no studies, to the best of my knowledge, which have tackled accounts of methodology of Arabic RAs. This research, therefore, aims to identify the rhetorical features of accounts of methodology of Arabic educational RAs with their realisations. In pursuing this aim, 40 method sections were selected from RAs published in refereed Arabic journals in the field of Education. These were analysed based on Swales’ (1990) ‘move and steps’ analysis approach and bottom-up processing. The linguistic features, realising the moves and steps, were analysed using the transitivity framework (Halliday 1985). The findings show that there are five moves representing the methodology: 1- sample and population of study; 2- procedures of study; 3- measure; 4- variables of study; and 5- data analysis procedures. These moves are realised by a number of steps and sub-steps which are represented most often using material and relational process types. The results of this research provide insights into Arabic academic discourse. The results may also help empower beginner academic writers and enhance writing textbooks. Keywords: Methodology, Research articles, Rhetorical structures and transitivity framework.

scholarly journals Word vector embeddings hold social ontological relations capable of reflecting meaningful fairness assessments

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Izzidien
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cosine Similarity ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Hybrid Approaches

AbstractProgramming artificial intelligence (AI) to make fairness assessments of texts through top-down rules, bottom-up training, or hybrid approaches, has presented the challenge of defining cross-cultural fairness. In this paper a simple method is presented which uses vectors to discover if a verb is unfair (e.g., slur, insult) or fair (e.g., thank, appreciate). It uses already existing relational social ontologies inherent in Word Embeddings and thus requires no training. The plausibility of the approach rests on two premises. That individuals consider fair acts those that they would be willing to accept if done to themselves. Secondly, that such a construal is ontologically reflected in Word Embeddings, by virtue of their ability to reflect the dimensions of such a perception. These dimensions being: responsibility vs. irresponsibility, gain vs. loss, reward vs. sanction, joy vs. pain, all as a single vector (FairVec). The paper finds it possible to quantify and qualify a verb as fair or unfair by calculating the cosine similarity of the said verb’s embedding vector against FairVec—which represents the above dimensions. We apply this to Glove and Word2Vec embeddings. Testing on a list of verbs produces an F1 score of 95.7, which is improved to 97.0. Lastly, a demonstration of the method’s applicability to sentence measurement is carried out.

A Proposed Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Research Articles

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Ahmad I. Tawalbeh
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Discourse Units

This research is taken from a thesis that examines the rhetoric of accounts of methodology in English and Arabic research articles (henceforth RAs) (Tawalbeh, 2019). Genre analysts have focused on using Swales’ move analysis approach to investigate the discourse units of the sections conventionally found in an RA: introduction, methods results and discussion. This research suggests a wider perspective for analysing RA sections. It argues for the desirability of employing both top-down and bottom-up processing to make more sense of the texts analysed. It also suggests employing the perspective of tacit knowledge to identify the assumed shared knowledge between writers and readers of RAs. The use of these different approaches may be helpful in making a detailed analysis, the results of which may benefit beginner academic writers.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Optimalisasi Ekonomi Syariah Untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Mewujudkan Goodgovernance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sadari Sadari ◽  
Nurhidayat Nurhidayat ◽  
Rafiqah Rafiqah
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Humanisme religius telah mengantarkan pada era kesadaran bahwa peradaban manusia harus memiliki dua arus yang saling menunjang. Selama ini arus balik dalam bidang ekonomi hanya menonjolkan arus balik vertikal atas kebawah (model top down) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis, sedangkan di sisi lain mengesampingkan arus balik vertikal dari bawah ke atas (model bottom up) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi syariah, sehingga dampaknya adalah adanya kesenjangan ekonomi yang sangat tajam. Paper ini mewujudkan peran penting, yakni menghubungkan dua arus tersebut secara timbal-balik, yakni mempertemukan arus pertama dengan arus balik kedua, sehingga akan menghasilkan dampak yang positif, progresif, kreatif dan produktif, kemudian pada akhirnya akan dapat meng-optomal-kan ekonomi syariah untuk menciptakan goodgovernance, post goodgovernance secara berkelanjutan, tentunya dengan bantuan peran media kontemporer yang kian update. Ekonomi syariah juga merupakan pilar dan nilai dasar, dari sikap keyakinan dan sikap rasionalitas untuk sanggup menciptakan terwujudnya pemberdayaan dan kesejahteraan sekaligus pengentasan kemiskinan dalam masyarakat di Indonesia.

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