Stability of development drifts in difficult geological conditions of Starobin deposit

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
B. I. Petrovsky ◽  
◽  
V. A. Misnikov ◽  
K. A. Erokhin ◽  
A. B. Petrovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Underground Openings ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Stability Of Development ◽  
Yielding Support ◽  
Roof Rocks

Extraction of the remaining reserves at the Starobinsk potassium salt deposit is associated with degradation of geological conditions as the content of clay beds in roof rocks increases with depth. The article presents the underground test data on the most promising techniques of roof support in development entries in deep-level unstable rocks in the Starobinsk potassium salt deposit. In an operating mine, various combinations of different support types and ground control approaches were tested, namely, compensation voids (slotting, racking) and long roof bolting. It is found that the maximum efficiency of development heading support is achieved with the combination of destressing headings and compensation slots. These flow charts are applicable to a depth of 860–900 m at the clay bed content of 35%. At the depths greater than 900 m and at the clay bed content higher than 35%, each underground excavation should have a specific support type. In extremely complex conditions at any depth and at the clay bed content from 35 to 60% in the roof, the support design for long underground openings with a span to 3.8 m, without slots in the sidewalls can involve roof scaling up to the roof arch (pressure arch) and installation of special-shape and expansion-type yielding support in sidewalls.

scholarly journals Generalizing the results of fracture zones study in the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit with the help of gravity study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Gravity Field ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Fracture Zones ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Geologic Environment

Introduction. The history of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit (VKMKS) exploration and operation should be divided into two periods. The first period lasted from 1929, the start of exploitation, until 1986, when the water-protective barrier collapsed and the largest VKMKS mine, the 3rd Berezniki mine, was flooded. The second period began in 1986 and continues to the present day. The first period is characterized by a low level of technogenic load on the geological environment, significantly less than its long-term strength. After 60 years of VKMKS large-scale exploitation, the technogenic load on the geologic environment has increased significantly. As a result, its equilibrium state was upset, giving rise to destruction, accompanied by various dynamic events: caves-in, surface collapses, rockbursts, and tectonic rockbursts. VKMKS structural-tectonic profile study revealed that active faults, nodal structures, and fracture zones have a decisive effect on the geologic environment equilibrium state. Research methodology. When structural and tectonic elements are formed in the supra-salt, salt, and subsalt strata of the deposit, the geologic environment density characteristic changes naturally leading to the development of local density inhomogeneities within. It is possible to locate these inhomogeneities and establish their relationship with structural and tectonic elements of the geological environment, particularly, fractured zones, only by studying the gravity field of the deposit. For this purpose, an areawide, detailed, and high-precision gravimetric survey was performed at a scale of 1:25,000, the results of which were used to identify and study the fracture zones. Research results. Based on the results of gravity field anomalies interpretation on the territory of VKMKS, the horizontal position and size of about 200 local negative linear anomalies of the near northsouth, north-east, and north-west orientations were determined, the sources of which were confidently identified with the fracture zones. Conclusions. The experience of studying the structural and tectonic structure of VKMKS has shown that currently for the deposit’s physical and geological conditions, the detailed, high-precision aerial gravity study is the most effective geophysical method for fracture zones mapping

Construction and operation of batching plants in difficult geological conditions of Upper Kama potash mines

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
V. N. Aptukov ◽  
V. V. Tarasov ◽  
V. S. Pestrikova ◽  
O. V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Crack Opening ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Term Maintenance

Scenarios of the component arrangement of batching plants in the system of a vertical mine shaft are discussed. The features of operation of batching plants in vertical shafts of potash mines are identified. The actual recorded damages generated in the lining of batching plants in the course of their longterm operation in potash mines are described. The geomechanical researches aimed to determine vertical convergence in batching rooms of mine shafts, as well as for monitoring of crack opening and displacements in sidewalls in the batching chambers are presented. The major results of the full-scale geomechanical observations are reported, and the main causes of fractures in concrete and reinforced concrete lining at junctures of shafts and batching rooms and shaft bins are identified. The set of the engineering solutions implemented for the protection of lining in batching facilities during construction of mine shafts is described, and its efficiency is evaluated. The mathematical modeling is carried out to estimate various negative impacts on deformation and fracture of concrete lining in shafts with regard to the time factor. From the modeling results, the dominant cause of concrete lining damage in batching chambers and in mine shaft is found. Based on the accomplished research results and actual long-term experience of operation of mine shafts, the most favorable factors are determined for the best design choices in construction and long-term maintenance-free operation of batching plants in potash mines of the Upper Kama Potash–Magnesium Salt Deposit.

The Integrated Borehole Seismic Surveys at the Verkhnekamskoye Potassium Salt Deposit

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Chugaev ◽  
Igor Sanfirov ◽  
Victor Lisin ◽  
Mikhail Tarantin ◽  
Andrey Babkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Borehole Seismic

scholarly journals Support System for Tunnelling in Squeezing Ground of Qingling-Daba Mountainous Area: A Case Study from Soft Rock Tunnels

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Wang ◽  
Jinxing Lai ◽  
Rodney Sheldon Garnes ◽  
Yanbin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Squeezing Ground ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Tunnel Support ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Rock Tunnels

Tunnelling or undertaking below-ground construction in squeezing ground can always present many engineering surprises, in which this complicated geology bring a series of tunnelling difficulties. Obviously, if the major affecting factors and mechanism of the structure damage in these complicated geological conditions are determined accurately, fewer problems will be faced during the tunnel excavation. For this study, reference is made to four tunnel cases located in the Qingling-Daba mountainous squeezing area that are dominated by a strong tectonic uplift and diversified geological structures. This paper establishes a strong support system suitable for a squeezing tunnel for the purpose of addressing problems exhibited in the extreme deformation of rock mass, structure crack, or even failure during excavation phase. This support system contains a number of temporary support measures used for ensuring the stability of tunnel face during tunnelling. The final support system was constructed, including some key techniques such as the employment of the foot reinforcement bolt (FRB), an overall strong support measure, and more reserved deformation. Results in this case study showed significant effectiveness of the support systems along with a safe and efficient construction process. The tunnel support system proposed in this paper can be helpful to support design and provide sufficient support and arrangement before tunnel construction in squeezing ground.

Development and Application of Complementary Support Technology under the Condition of Weak and Broken Surrounding Rocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 3389-3398
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Wang ◽  
Yao Dong Jiang ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Xian Tao Zeng ◽  
Peng Fei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Deep Mining ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Support Force ◽  
Support Element ◽  
Yielding Support

The support of surrounding rock under the condition of deep mining has significant challenges due to high stress and low rock strength environment. Using the method of strengthening broken rock, reinforcing support force and releasing the mine-induced stress, this study has pointed out the complementary support technology which is based on the support using bolt-wire-shotcrete and is combined with steel arched yielding support. For the purpose of permanent support, the complementary support technology could combine the each support element and adequately take advantage of load-caring capacity of surrounding rock. The monitoring data of Xiaokang coal mine, Muchengjian coal mine and Yangquhe coal mine indicate that, for the various geological conditions, complementary support system has provided powerful support force to resist large deformation of weak and broken surrounding rock. It is proved that this type of support technology could reduce the mine-induced stress as well and has economical significance.

scholarly journals Determining the operating parameters of machine systems in potash mines when tunneling with stope back partial section

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Ozornin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Magnesium Salt ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Full Face

Introduction. Heading and winning machine system operation has been considered in the conditions of the Upper Kama (Verkhnekamskoe) potassium and magnesium salt deposit. Excavation of producing formations with the thickness of more than 4 m is carried out in two moves. The lower layer is excavated by the second move, while the area of the stope back is usually less than the cross-sectional area of the machine’s executive body. In this case, the heading and winning machine does not have a full face. Typical calculation methods contain no information for determining the operating parameters of machine systems at potash mines when tunneling with stope back partial section. Research methodology. The methodological foundations of a machine system capacity determination in the conditions of the Upper Kama potassium and magnesium salt deposit are described. The calculation of the main parameters characterizing the operation of the machine system when tunneling with stope back partial section. Results. Based on the identified dependencies, it is possible to determine the rational type of machine system equipment, the rate of hauling the machine to the face, and rational delivery distances based on equipment type and geological conditions. Summary. The proposed method of a machine system’s operating parameters determination in potash mine when tunneling with stope back partial section can be adapted and used in potash mines with various mining and geological and mining conditions to determine the capacity of machine systems.

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