scholarly journals Breaching the walls of academe: the case of five Afro-Caribbean immigrant women within United States institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Talia Randa Esnard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
Caribbean Immigrants ◽  
Caribbean Women ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us

While a growing tendency among researchers has been for the examination of diverse forms of discrimination against Afro-Caribbean immigrants within the United States (US), the types of ambiguities that these create for framing the personal and professional identities of Afro-Caribbean women academics who operate within that space remain relatively absent. The literature is also devoid of substantive explorations that delve into the ways and extent to which the cultural scripts of Afro-Caribbean women both constrain and enable their professional success in academe. The call therefore is for critical examinations that deepen, while extending existing examinations of the lived realities for Afro-Caribbean immigrants within the US, and, the specific trepidations that they both confront and overcome in the quest for academic success while in their host societies.  Using intersectionality as the overarching framework for this work, we demonstrate, through the use of narrative inquiry, the extent to which cultural constructions of difference nuance the social axes of power, the politics of space and identity, and professional outcomes of Afro-Caribbean immigrant women who operate within a given context. These are captured within our interrogation of the structures of power that they confront and their use of culture to fight against and to break through institutional politics.

A Critical Transnational Perspective to Asian America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen Le Espiritu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Vietnamese Refugees ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rights Discourse

Much of the early scholarship in Asian American studies sought to establish that Asian Americans have been crucial to the making of the US nation and thus deserve full inclusion into its polity. This emphasis on inclusion affirms the status of the United States as the ultimate protector and provider of human welfare, and narrates the Asian American subject by modern civil rights discourse. However, the comparative cases of Filipino immigrants and Vietnamese refugees show how Asian American racial formation has been determined not only by the social, economic, and political forces in the United States but also by US colonialism, imperialism, and wars in Asia.

scholarly journals Mexico: «the population explosion» and mass migration

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Nadejda Kudeyarova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Migration Analysis

The debate over the Mexican migrants issue has been intensi ed by Donald Trump’s election. His harsh statements have provoked a discussion on the US policy for Mexico, as well as on the migration regulation in the United States. However, the mass migration of the last quarter of XX - beginning of XXI centuries may be also readily associated with the social and demographic processes developed in Mexico throughout the 20th century. The dynamics of migratory activity followed the demographic changes. The internal causes of the Mexican migration analysis will allow more clarity in understanding contemporary migration interaction between the two neighboring countries.

Social Determinants in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Laws

This chapter studies the social determinants of health in the United States, focusing on one important but often overlooked social determinant: law. It explains how law influences social determinants and why law should itself be viewed as an important social determinant, one that can both magnify or diminish health disparities. Law can affect population health in numerous ways. Most obviously, laws create, empower, and restrain state, local, and federal public health agencies; regulate the delivery of healthcare; and seek to promote population health by regulating unsafe practices and activities, such as smoking. Health laws, however, are not the only laws that affect health. Laws that affect employment, income inequality, housing, the built environment, and education may also impact health. The chapter then considers some defining features of US law that may play a role in creating or perpetuating health disparities both within the US and between the US and other nations of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. It also reviews some recent initiatives in the US, many but not all undertaken via law, to address social determinants, and it looks at the barriers that remain to ameliorating social determinants through law, as well as some reasons for optimism.

scholarly journals Why Contact Tracing Efforts Have Failed to Curb Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Transmission in Much of the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Clark ◽  
Elizabeth Y Chiao ◽  
E Susan Amirian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Community ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Case Based

Abstract By late April 2020, public discourse in the United States had shifted toward the idea of using more targeted case-based mitigation tactics (eg, contact tracing) to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission while allowing for the safe “reopening” of society, in an effort to reduce the social, economic, and political ramifications associated with stricter approaches. Expanded tracing-testing efforts were touted as a key solution that would allow for a precision approach, thus preventing economies from having to shut down again. However, it is now clear that many regions of the United States were unable to mount robust enough testing-tracing programs to prevent major resurgences of disease. This viewpoint offers a discussion of why testing-tracing efforts failed to sufficiently mitigate COVID-19 across much of the nation, with the hope that such deliberation will help the US public health community better plan for the future.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Raphael Thomadsen ◽  
Song Yao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Case Data

ABSTRACTWe combine COVID-19 case data with demographic and mobility data to estimate a modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model for the spread of this disease in the United States. We find that the incidence of infectious COVID-19 individuals has a concave effect on contagion, as would be expected if people have inter-related social networks. We also demonstrate that social distancing and population density have large effects on the rate of contagion. The social distancing in late March and April substantially reduced the number of COVID-19 cases. However, the concave contagion pattern means that when social distancing measures are lifted, the growth rate is considerable but will not be exponential as predicted by standard SIR models. Furthermore, counties with the lowest population density could likely avoid high levels of contagion even with no social distancing. We forecast rates of new cases for COVID-19 under different social distancing norms and find that if social distancing is eliminated there will be a massive increase in the cases of COVID-19, about double what would occur if the US only restored to 50% of the way to normalcy.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Social Background, Functions and Types of the Ethnic Minority Property Rights System between the US, Canada and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02034
Author(s):  
Gu Jijian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Background ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us

There are obvious differences of the property rights system between the United States, Canada and China’s ethnic minorities. They are reflected in differences of social background, the functions of property rights systems, and the types of property rights systems. From the perspective, the development of the property rights system is different from the general conclusions of the Demsetz.

Planning for the optimal mix of paygo tax and funded savings

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGES DE MENIL ◽  
FABRICE MURTIN ◽  
EYTAN SHESHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
The Uk

We analyze the optimal balance between social security taxation and private saving in the provision of retirement income in dynamically efficient economies, a question at the center of policy debates in Europe and the United States. We consider the relative importance for this question of the return to capital, the internal return of the pay-as-you-go system, and the variabilities and correlation (or independence) of labor earnings and the capital return. We analyse these influences theoretically in the context of a two-period, overlapping generations model with uncertainty. We use a new method to calibrate the model using annual data on GDP per worker and the total real return on equities, from 1950 to 2002, from which we infer the stochastic characteristics of lifetime labor income and the return to lifetime savings in the US, UK, France and Japan. We obtain a range of optimal, steady-state values of the social security tax and the rate of lifetime savings. When the relative rate of risk aversion is assumed to be 2.5, the computed optimal tax varies from 5% in the United States to 22% in Japan. France is similar to Japan, and the UK is in between.

Anti-Catholicism, Islamophobia, and White Supremacy in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-292
Author(s):  
Scott C. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Construction Of Whiteness

This essay applies an intersectional approach to the analysis of the history of anti-Catholicism and Islamophobia in the United States as manifestations of White supremacy. It offers a comparative analysis of these two phenomena in an attempt to suggest that a certain intersection exists between each and the social construction of Whiteness and the maintenance of White power and privilege in US American history. It concludes with observations on progress in the development of Catholic–Muslim relations through concerted efforts by the US Conference of Catholic Bishops and various US Muslim organizations, noting that the majority of Catholics in the United States have benefited from White privilege.

scholarly journals Formation of the social package at the enterprise: domestic and foreign experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Liliia Morhai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Compensation Package ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Definition Of

The article describes the definition of «social package» and the content, characteristics and social benefits to which the employee is entitled while working at the enterprise. The essence of the compensation package and its function at the enterprise are analyzed. Motivation has been highlighted material motivation, which effectively influences and motivates employees to a better result at work. Problems have been identified. The need to introduce a social package at the enterprise has been substantiated. The directions of improvement of documentation of a social package at the enterprises are covered. The practice of providing social packages to employees at Ukrainian enterprises has been presented. The neds of employees in the relevant social benefits had been identified. It has been proposed to form social packages taking into account employees' needs and interests. The works of Ukrainian teachers who dealt with the content of the social package at the enterprise have been analyzed. Issues of the content of the social package in Ukraine and abroad, in particular in the United States and Germany have been covered. In Ukraine, the content of the social package depends on which institution a person works in - public or private. It had been found that the US legislation prescribes the social benefits that the company must provide to its employers. It has been established that there is compulsory health and pension insurance, and contributions to state insurance funds depend on the amount of salary in Germany. Methods of filling the social package in Western countries have been highlighted. It was found that the social policy of enterprises influences the content of the social package.

Middle-class Women and Domestic Work in India and the United States: Caste, Race and Patriarchy

2022 ◽  
pp. 003802292110631
Author(s):  
Gayatri Nair ◽  
Nila Ginger Hofman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Political Differences

This study compares middle-class women’s experience of domestic work in India and the United States(US), highlighting similarities in how domestic work is organised in its paid and unpaid forms across both sites. The focus on middle-class women’s experience as unpaid workers and employers of domestic workers provides an insight into how the social and economic values of domestic work are determined. Despite social and political differences, the political economies of India and the US and interlocking systems of oppression including patriarchy, neoliberalism, caste and race have produced similarities in the undervaluation of domestic work at both sites.

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