scholarly journals Immunotherapy in patients with cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A. G. Kedrova
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Adoptive T Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
T Cell Therapy

Immunotherapy, also known as therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has shown good results in the treatment of both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Patients with diseases that were considered incurable earlier now have an opportunity for long-term disease stabilization and high frequency of clinical remissions. This review focuses on clinical benefits and toxicity profiles of immune checkpoint inhibitors used for cervical cancer, as well as on the ways to improve prognosis and indications for immunotherapy. Correct choice of biomarkers for predicting the response to immunotherapy will ensure more precise selection of patients. This review of immunotherapy methods aims to help clinicians with the indications for this relatively new treatment which has revolutionized treatment standards. Immunotherapy has many forms, including oncolytic virus therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR), cancer vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapy, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, first generation of which includes monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cemiplimab), against PD-L1 (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab), and against CTLA-4 protein (ipilimumab).

Immunotherapy use in kidney transplant recipients: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Claude Bassil ◽  
Farhad Khimani
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Acute Rejection ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Cancer immunotherapy including the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) are showing a promising role as part of cancer therapy and slowly replacing conventional chemotherapy. However, the use of ICI and CAR-T in organ transplant recipients with malignancies could be complicated with acute rejection and graft loss. Many proposed immunosuppressive (IS) regimens showed a probable role in preventing acute rejection related to ICI, including the use of a single ICI rather than double ICI, concomitant use of glucocorticoids (GC), converting tacrolimus to mTor inhibitors (m-TorI) and avoid close sequencing of ICI agents. Furthermore, low dose prednisone (LDP) before CAR-T infusion in patients with stable allograft kidney function could favor the regulatory T cells (T-regs), actively regulating alloimmune responses, and maintaining self-tolerance of the renal transplant. Further prospective trials will be needed to examine the long-term effect of these regimens in renal transplant recipients undergoing CAR-T or receiving ICI as curative therapies for their refractory cancers.

scholarly journals New emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy: the role of neoantigens

ESMO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. e000684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia De Mattos-Arruda ◽  
Juan Blanco-Heredia ◽  
Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri ◽  
Jorge Carrillo ◽  
Julià Blanco
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Adoptive T Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
T Cell Therapy

The success of cancer therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors is transforming the treatment of patients with cancer and fostering cancer research. Therapies that target immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown unprecedented rates of durable long-lasting responses in patients with various cancer types, but only in a fraction of patients. Thus, novel approaches are needed to make immunotherapy more precise and also less toxic. The advances of next-generation sequencing technologies have allowed fast detection of somatic mutations in genes present in the exome of an individual tumour. Targeting neoantigens, the mutated peptides expressed only by tumour cells, may enable antitumour T-cell responses and tumour destruction without causing harm to healthy tissues. Currently, neoantigens can be identified in tumour clinical samples by using genomic-based computational tools. The two main treatment modalities targeting neoantigens that have been investigated in clinical trials are personalised vaccines and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes-based adoptive T-cell therapy. In this mini review, we discuss the promises and challenges for using neoantigens as emergent targets to personalise and guide cancer immunotherapy in a broader set of cancers.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2187
Author(s):  
Shobi Venkatachalam ◽  
Taylor R. McFarland ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Umang Swami
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Adoptive T Cell Therapy ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Radium 223

Metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal disease with limited treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment landscape of multiple cancer types but have met with limited success in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the preclinical studies providing the rationale for the use of immunotherapy in prostate cancer and underlying biological barriers inhibiting their activity. We discuss the predictors of response to immunotherapy in prostate cancer. We summarize studies evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors either as a single agent or in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors or with other agents such as inhibitors of androgen axis, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), radium-223, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, tumor vaccines, chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We thereafter review future directions including the combination of immune checkpoint blockade with inhibitors of adenosine axis, bispecific T cell engagers, PSMA directed therapies, adoptive T-cell therapy, and multiple other miscellaneous agents.

Cardiotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demis N. Lipe ◽  
Eva Rajha ◽  
Adriana H. Wechsler ◽  
Susan Gaeta ◽  
Nicolas L. Palaskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

scholarly journals Cancer immunotherapy: current opportunities and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Nikolaeva ◽  
R.V. Liubota ◽  
O.S. Zotov ◽  
R.I. Vereshchako
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Adoptive T Cell Therapy ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Tumor Focus

Cancer immunotherapy is a relatively new and pro­mising method of treating neoplasms. Understanding the antigen-directed cytotoxicity of T-lymphocytes has become one of the central directions in involving the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic research in this area has led to the invention of checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Cytokines can enhance the action of T-lymphocytes for their ability to directly stimulate effector and stromal cells in tumor focus and enhance recognition of tumor cells by cytotoxic effector cells. They were the first in cancer immunotherapy and remain relevant to this day. Today, immunotherapy is an effective treatment for most malignant tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, liver, stomach, bladder, cervical cancer, some types of breast cancer, lymphoma, etc. However, immunotherapy of some malignant tumors is ineffective, therefore, the development of new and improvement of existing immunotherapy agents is actively underway, and there is a hope that the indications for its use will expand. For this purpose, this review discusses the principles of action of various classes of immunotherapeutic anticancer agents, namely cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adaptive T-cell therapy. The work highlights their indications, efficacy and toxicity from the use of each class of drugs, as well as the prospects for the development of immunotherapeutic anticancer drugs.

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