IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF LAVANDIN: MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN REGENERATED PLANTS

1990 ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Panizza ◽  
F. Tognoni ◽  
A. Mensuali Sodi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Regenerated Plants

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling, in vitro propagation, and genetic assessment of the endangered rare plant Anarrhinum pubescens

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Abdelsalam ◽  
Ehab Mahran ◽  
Kamal Chowdhury ◽  
Arezue Boroujerdi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Nodal Cutting ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Plant Shoots

Abstract Background Anarrhinum pubescens Fresen. (Plantaginaceae) is a rare plant, endemic to the Saint Catherine area, of South Sinai, Egypt. Earlier studies have reported the isolation of cytotoxic and anti-cholinesterase iridoid glucosides from the aerial parts of the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profiling of the wild plant shoots as well as establish efficient protocols for in vitro plant regeneration and proliferation with further assessment of the genetic stability of the in vitro regenerated plants. Results Twenty-seven metabolites have been identified in wild plant shoots using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolites include alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, and a phenol. In vitro propagation of the plant was carried out through nodal cutting-micropropagation and leaf segment-direct organogenesis. The best results were obtained when nodal cutting explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mg/L) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.05 mg/L), which gave a shoot formation capacity of 100% and a mean number of shoots of 27.67 ± 1.4/explant. These shoots were successfully rooted and transferred to the greenhouse and the survival rate was 75%. Genetic fidelity evaluation of the micropropagated clones was carried out using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient indicated a similarity as high as 98% and 95% from RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the chemical profiling of the aerial part of Anarrhinum pubescens. Moreover, in vitro regeneration through different tissue culture techniques has been established for mass propagation of the plant, and the genetic fidelity of the in vitro regenerated plants was confirmed as well. Our work on the in vitro propagation of A. pubescens will be helpful in ex situ conservation and identification of bioactive metabolites.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Juvenile and Adult Flowering Ash

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Arrillaga ◽  
Victoria Lerma ◽  
Juan Segura
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Adult Trees

A protocol for in vitro propagation in flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) has been developed. Shoot apices or nodal segments from aseptically grown seedings or shoot apices from adult trees were used as initial explants. Highest shoot multiplication rates were obtained when the explants were cultured for 30 days in liquid Rugini induction medium supplemented with BA followed by 30 days on solidified Rugini multiplication medium without growth regulators. Regenerated shoots were rooted on Heller medium containing auxins alone or in combination with BA. Rooting percentages up to 71% (juvenile material) or 50% (adult material) were obtained in the presence of NAA and BA, and were not improved by treating the basal end of the shoots with concentrated NAA solutions. Following conventional procedures, regenerated plants were transferred to soil with more than 80% success. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals In vitro mutagenesis in anthurium induced by colchicine

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel López-Martínez ◽  
◽  
Alejandrina Robledo-Paz ◽  
Luis Antonio Flores-Hernández ◽  
Tarsicio Corona-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis

Developing new varieties of anthurium by hybridization can take 8-10 years; therefore, induced mutagenesis can be an alternative strategy to hybridization. The objective of this work was to induce mutations in A. andreanum by exposing explants obtained from vitroplants to colchicine. Explants of leaves, nodes and roots obtained from vitroplants were exposed to 0.1 % colchicine for 0, 2, 3 and 4 h. The mean lethal dose (LD50), survival, number of explants that generated callus, number of explants that formed shoots and the number of shoots per explant were evaluated. The karyotype of the presumed mutated regenerated plants was determined by the root apex squash technique. The leaves showed the highest sensitivity to cochicine. The survival of the root explants treated with colchicine was 100 %; 4 % of roots exposed for 2 and 3 h formed adventitious shoots (120 shoots). For nodes, the LD50 was found at 3.98 h; 76 and 56 % of the nodes cultivated for 2 and 3 h with colchicine formed adventitious shoots (4.4 and 3.6 shoots). The plants regenerated from the explants exposed to colchicine showed morphological changes. The chromosomal number of the regenerated vitroplants from the explants exposed for 2 and 3 h to colchicine was 2n = 29, while that of those obtained from the explants that remained on the colchicine for 4 h was 2n = 31. The sensitivity to colchicine was a function of the type of explant and the dose used. Colchicine caused the loss (monosomy) or gain of chromosomes (trisomy).

scholarly journals New protocol of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in vitro propagation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gharbia H. Danial ◽  
Diaa A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Introduction: A successful in vitro propagation system was developed for Sandra and Rocky cultivars of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq by in vitro culture of shoot tips and node explants. Methods: Shoot tip and node explants were excised and cultured on basal MS medium containing several concentrations of BAP and Zeatin. Results: Multiple shoots formation of up to 2 shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin in node and shoot explants for the two cultivars. Microshoots were tested for root initiation on full MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA, NAA and IAA. The best root formation was observed on a medium containing 1.0 mgl-1 IAA in Sandra cultivar and 0.5 mgl-1 of NAA in rocky cultivar. Conclusion: The regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted to the open field conditions.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator Effects on In Vitro Propagation and Stevioside Production in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1573-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel Röck-Okuyucu ◽  
Meltem Bayraktar ◽  
Ismail Hakki Akgun ◽  
Aynur Gurel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Control Medium

Stevia rebaudiana is of great importance due to its steviol glycosides (SGs) which are natural sweeteners used by the food industry as well as having medicinal purposes. In the present study, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and explant types on in vitro propagation and shoot growth of S. rebaudiana were studied, the effect of PGRs on SGs production was determined. For this purpose, nodal explants and shoot tip explants were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), or thidiazuron (TDZ)] or cytokinins + auxins combinations [BA + indoleacetic acid (IAA); BA + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); Kn + IAA; Kn + NAA]. Although, the best shoot proliferation was obtained on WPM supplemented with BA + NAA combinations, shoots grown on PGR-containing media produced callus at the base of the shoots and showed chlorosis and necrosis. Additionally, shoots showed at all concentrations of TDZ, and at higher concentrations of BA, morphological changes such as malformed leaves and poor shoot growth. In contrast to PGR-containing media, on the PGR-free control medium, the development of shoots and roots occurred simultaneously and healthy and well-developed plantlets were obtained. Thus, we developed an economical viable means of in vitro propagation by minimizing the micropropagation steps and removing the requirement of PGRs. According to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, PGR-free control medium (WPM) led to considerably higher stevioside content in the leaves compared with the PGR(s)-containing media and the highest stevioside [34 mg·g−1 dry weight (DW)] and rebaudioside A content was only detected on the control medium without PGRs. Steviolbioside, rubusoside, and dulcoside A were detected qualitatively in the leaves of shoots grown on WPM supplemented with 2.27 μm TDZ, 4.54 μm TDZ, 2.22 μm BA + 2.69 μm NAA, 2.22 μm BA + 5.37 μm NAA, 2.32 μm Kn + 5.71 μm IAA, or 2.32 μm Kn + 2.69 μm NAA.

scholarly journals Rapid In Vitro Propagation of Aruncus `Misty Lace', a New Heat-tolerant, Dwarf, Hybrid Goatsbeard

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 848A-848
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein* ◽  
Allan M. Armitage ◽  
Gwen N. Hirsch ◽  
Stephanie L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Propagation Methods

Tissue culture is a useful means to clonally propagate new ornamental plant selections, particularly when plant material is limited and/or conventional propagation methods are ineffective. An efficient in vitro multiplication protocol was established to propagate a new goatsbeard hybrid (Aruncus dioicus, × A. aethusifolia). The hybrid is of interest because it exhibits a dwarf habit, delicate white flower panicles and fern-like leaves, yet is tolerant to heat and humidity. Experiments were conducted to evaluate explant type (nodes, stems, leaves, and floral parts), disinfestation procedures, and media formulations including varying concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Rapid plant regeneration was obtained with a shoot organogenesis system using a half strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4.4 μmol BAP, 0.54 μmol NAA, 30 g·L-1 sucrose, and 3.0 g·L-1 GelGro. Studies compared the performance and yield of plants rooted using different in vitro and ex vitro methods. Ex vitro rooting of shoots during greenhouse acclimatization under mist was most effective. Regenerated plants exhibited uniform and rapid growth, and performed well in greenhouse and field evaluations.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Tetraploid Muskmelons from Cotyledons and Their Morphological Differences from Two Diploid Muskmelon Genotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fassuliotis ◽  
B.V. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Morphological Differences

`Gulfstream' and `Charentais' muskmelons (Cucumis melo. L.) plants were regenerated by in vitro culture to increase their genetic variability for resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). While no genetic variability for root knot resistance was found, regenerated plants exhibited other traits that varied from the donor cotyledons. Chromosome counts confirmed that >75% of the somaclonal variants were tetraploid (2n = 24; 4n = 48). Tetraploids consistently exhibited micro- and macroscopic morphological changes that enabled distinction between tetraploids and diploids without chromosome counts; tetraploids contained enlarged stomates with more chloroplasts in the guard cells and pollen with a high percentage of square-appearing shapes. Tetraploids exhibited distinctive macroscopic morphological changes, including differences in leaf structure, fruit shape, blossom-end scar, number of vein tracts, and seed size.

Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Michael T. Story ◽  
Donald Yorde ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

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