scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator Effects on In Vitro Propagation and Stevioside Production in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1573-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel Röck-Okuyucu ◽  
Meltem Bayraktar ◽  
Ismail Hakki Akgun ◽  
Aynur Gurel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Control Medium

Stevia rebaudiana is of great importance due to its steviol glycosides (SGs) which are natural sweeteners used by the food industry as well as having medicinal purposes. In the present study, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and explant types on in vitro propagation and shoot growth of S. rebaudiana were studied, the effect of PGRs on SGs production was determined. For this purpose, nodal explants and shoot tip explants were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), or thidiazuron (TDZ)] or cytokinins + auxins combinations [BA + indoleacetic acid (IAA); BA + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); Kn + IAA; Kn + NAA]. Although, the best shoot proliferation was obtained on WPM supplemented with BA + NAA combinations, shoots grown on PGR-containing media produced callus at the base of the shoots and showed chlorosis and necrosis. Additionally, shoots showed at all concentrations of TDZ, and at higher concentrations of BA, morphological changes such as malformed leaves and poor shoot growth. In contrast to PGR-containing media, on the PGR-free control medium, the development of shoots and roots occurred simultaneously and healthy and well-developed plantlets were obtained. Thus, we developed an economical viable means of in vitro propagation by minimizing the micropropagation steps and removing the requirement of PGRs. According to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, PGR-free control medium (WPM) led to considerably higher stevioside content in the leaves compared with the PGR(s)-containing media and the highest stevioside [34 mg·g−1 dry weight (DW)] and rebaudioside A content was only detected on the control medium without PGRs. Steviolbioside, rubusoside, and dulcoside A were detected qualitatively in the leaves of shoots grown on WPM supplemented with 2.27 μm TDZ, 4.54 μm TDZ, 2.22 μm BA + 2.69 μm NAA, 2.22 μm BA + 5.37 μm NAA, 2.32 μm Kn + 5.71 μm IAA, or 2.32 μm Kn + 2.69 μm NAA.

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation and Assessment of Genetic Relationships of Citrus Rootstocks Using ISSR Molecular Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos SALIS ◽  
Ioannis E. PAPADAKIS ◽  
Spyridon KINTZIOS ◽  
Marianna HAGIDIMITRIOU
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Issr Molecular Markers

The behavior of six citrus rootstocks, Volkameriana, Citrumelo ‘Swingle’, Citrange ‘Carrizo’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Rubidoux’ and Poncirus trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, in in vitro propagation was studied and compared for shoot proliferation and rooting. In addition, the genetic relationships among the rootstocks studied and other Citrus species, using the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers, were investigated. Nodal explants of three months old shoots were used in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) for shoot proliferation and with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting. The rootstock Volkameriana showed a statistically significant higher number of shoots (1.81), shoot length (15.14 mm) and number of leaves per explant (5.81), while all three Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks showed the lowest numbers. The number of roots and root length per explant were evaluated at the end of the rooting phase. The rootstock ‘Swingle’ showed a higher number of roots per explant (4.2) followed by ‘Flying Dragon’ (3.93) and ‘Carrizo’ (3.23) rootstocks. The rootstocks ‘Swingle’ (140.8 mm), Volkameriana (148 mm) and ‘Flying Dragon’ (131.12 mm) had significantly higher root length per explant compared to ‘Carrizo’ (31 mm) and ‘Rubidoux’ (34.5 mm). The ISSR molecular marker technique used in the present study grouped successfully the different species, varieties and rootstocks studied, revealing their genetic variability. The genetic variability observed among the rootstocks ranged between 0.29 (Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’ and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’) and 0.60 (Volkameriana and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’). The response of the rootstocks studied in in vitro propagation however is not related to their genetic affinity.

scholarly journals PERBANYAKAN IN VITRO PISANG KEPOK var. UNTI SAYANG TAHAN PENYAKIT DARAH MELALUI PROLIFERASI TUNAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Maria Imelda ◽  
Aida Wulansari ◽  
Laela Sari
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Blood Disease ◽  
Adenine Sulphate ◽  
Banana Variety ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation

In Vitro Propagation of Kepok Banana var. Unti Sayang Resistant to Blood Disease through Shoot ProliferationABSTRACTKepok is a popular banana variety but sensitive to blood disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith). The discovery of a natural mutant of Kepok banana var. Unti Sayang from Sulawesi which male bud falls naturally, is a shortcut to bypass the chains of the spread of blood disease, since the disease is transmitted by insects through the wounds of the male buds. The superior mutant needs to be mass propagated and disseminated to endemic areas to inhibit the spread of blood disease. To achieve that goal, an efficient and effective techniques of in vitro shoot proliferation needs to be developed. Shoot proliferation was performed by addition of BAP, thidiazuron and adenine sulphate. The results showed that the best medium for shoot multiplication was B2T5A (MS+2 mg/L BAP+0,5 mg/L TDZ+20 mg/L adenine sulphate), and for shoot growth was B4A (MS+4 mg/L BAP+20 mg/L adenine sulphate). Rooting was induced on MS medium without hormones. Acclimatization of plantlets on mixed soil, compost and husks with a ratio of 1:1:1 resulted in 92,35% survival rate.Keywords: blood disease, in vitro shoot,  male budless, natural mutant, var. Unti Sayang  ABSTRAKPisang kepok merupakan varietas yang digemari tetapi sangat peka terhadap penyakit darah yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith). Ditemukannya mutan alami pisang kepok yang jantungnya gugur secara alami yaitu varietas Unti Sayang dari Sulawesi, merupakan jalan pintas untuk memotong rantai penyebaran penyakit darah, mengingat penyakit ini ditularkan oleh serangga melalui luka bekas bunga jantan pada jantung. Mutan unggul tersebut perlu diperbanyak secara massal dan disebarluaskan ke daerah endemik untuk menghambat penyebaran penyakit darah. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, perlu dikembangkan teknik perbanyakan in vitro pisang kepok Unti Sayang yang efektif dan efisien melalui proliferasi tunas. Proliferasi tunas dilakukan dengan penambahan BAP, thidiazuron dan adenin sulfat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah B2T5A (MS+2 mg/L BAP+0,5 mg/L TDZ+20 mg/L adenin sulfat), media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan tunas adalah B4A (MS+4 mg/L BAP+20 mg/L adenin sulfat). Akar dapat diinduksi pada media MS tanpa hormon. Aklimatisasi planlet pada media campuran tanah, kompos dan sekam dengan perbandingan 1:1:1 menghasilkan 92,35% planlet hidup.Kata Kunci: penyakit darah, tunas in vitro, tanpa jantung, mutan alami, var. Unti Sayang 

scholarly journals 322 In Vitro Propagation of the Ornamental Bromeliad, Tillandsia eizii

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 447E-447
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Pickens ◽  
Jan Wolf ◽  
James M. Affolter ◽  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Highland Maya

Many bromeliad species indigenous to the rain forests of Central and South America are threatened because of over-collection and habitat destruction. Studies were conducted to develop propagation protocols for Tillandsia eizii, a rare ornamental bromeliad of ceremonial significance to the Highland Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico. We anticipate using in vitro propagation for the conservation of this species with the potential of utilizing bromeliads as an alternative and sustainable forest resource. Protocols were developed for the sterilization and germination of axenic seed. Seedling growth in vitro was assessed and outplanting studies were conducted. Media were evaluated to promote adventitious bud production in experiments using the plant growth regulators naphthaleneacetic acid and benzylaminopurine. Pulse time and duration, as well as the stage of seed development, had a marked effect on bud production. The effects of various potting media on plant growth and survival were assessed. A pure pine bark medium elicited over 95 percent survival. Plants exhibited a “tank-like” morphology characteristic of plants in the wild.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Stability and Effects of Plant Growth Regulators for in vitro Propagation of Underutilized Vitis amurensis ‘Cheongsan’

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-994
Author(s):  
Joon-Ho KWON ◽  
Young-Sik PARK ◽  
Si-Hong KIM ◽  
Jae-Yun HEO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Propagation Methods

Vitis amurensis ‘Cheongsan’ is a plant with high economic value in both medical and agricultural applications. However, its utilization has been restricted owing to difficulties encountered when applying traditional mass propagation methods, requiring instead application of in vitro propagation methods for their mass scale production. Hence, this study was conducted to find the optimal plant growth regulators for shoot multiplication and root induction during in vitro propagation. Among the three cytokinins used at multiple concentrations for culture initiation and shoot multiplication, the most positive response was found with MS medium containing 5.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), compared to more modest responses from other types of cytokinin, such as kinetin (KIN) and thidiazuron (TDZ). For root induction, medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) produced a callus and inhibited shoot growth in explants, whereas indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did not create any significant problems, but did display differences in root induction efficiencies. Generally, root induction responses with IBA were better that those with IAA. The maximum rooting rates were observed without callus formation and no shoot growth inhibition from explants grown on media supplemented with 0.67 μM IBA. Further, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses revealed that micropropagated plantlets generated in medium supplemented with 5.0 μM BA and 0.67 μM IBA did not lead to genetic variation. Therefore, the application of the in vitro propagation method developed in this study could be used on a commercial scale and will offer opportunities to strengthen the industrial use of V. amurensis ‘Cheongsan’.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Eucomis autumnalis, E. comosa, and E. zambesiaca by Twin-scaling

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ault
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Single Shoot

Shoot formed in vitro from twin-scale explants of Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt., E. comosa (Houtt.) Wehrh., and E. zambesiaca Bak. cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 0.0, 4.4, 11.1, or 22.2 μm BA and 0.0 or 5.4 μm NAA. In all three species, shoot proliferation was obtained from single-shoot explants subcultured on medium supplemented with 4.4, 11.1, or 22.2 μm BA and 0.0 or 5.4 μm NAA. Shoots of all three species rooted readily on MS medium supplemented with 0.0, 2.7, 5.4, or 10.8 mm NAA. Overall rooting percentages were 95%, 98%, and 100% for E. autumnalis, E. comosa, and E. zambesiaca, respectively. Plant survival for rooted shoots of all three species was 100% following transfer to a 1 perlite: 1 peat (v/v) medium in the greenhouse. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals In Vitro and Macropropagation of the Wildflower Dyssodia pentacheta (D. C.) Robins

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1555-1557
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Zimmerman ◽  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Nodal Explant ◽  
System A ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Dyssodia pentacheta, a prostrate-growing perennial Texas wildflower with potential for use in low-maintenance landscapes, was propagated in vitro and by stem cuttings under mist. Optimum rooting for IBA-treated semihardwood terminal stem cuttings (3 to 30 mm IBA) and in vitro-grown nodal segments (30 to 100 mm IBA) occurred after 4 weeks under an intermittent mist system. A 300-mm IBA basal dip was lethal to macroand microcuttings. In vitro, D. pentacheta produced more shoots per nodal explant on Woody Plant Medium (2 g Gelrite/liter) with 1 to 10 μ m BA than with combinations of BA and 0.5 μm NAA. After shoot proliferation, the shoots were subculture twice and grown on growth regulator-free medium. When maintaining D. pentacheta in vitro on media devoid of plant growth regulators, 1% sucrose was more effective than 2% for promoting shoot growth and suppressing apparent production of phenolics. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

scholarly journals Effects of Sucrose and Other Additives on In Vitro Growth and Development of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahanayake Nilanthi ◽  
Yue-Sheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) is being used for the preparation of more than 240 extracts, salves, and tinctures to help cure diseases like rabies, cold, and upper respiratory infections. Hence, efforts were made to develop a culture medium for successful in vitro culturing of cornflower and to regenerate buds and induce roots to enable mass propagation of selected clones. Of the three levels of sucrose tested as a supplement to MS media (Murashige and Skoog’s medium, 1962) 3% showed better rooting of buds and appeared morphologically normal and identical as compared to those grown at higher and lower concentrations (2 and 4%). The additives hydrolyzed lactabumin (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), peptone (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), and yeast (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1) to media containing 0.3 mgL−1 BA (6-benzyladenine) and 0.01 mgL−1 NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid-plant growth regulators) has negatively influenced proliferation of shoots. The higher concentrations of the above have delayed the development of plantlets. Shoot multiplication was enhanced by coconut water with 2% being the best among 4 and 8% tested. Shoot organogenesis was not influenced by copper sulphate (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mgL−1) and silver nitrate (0.0, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mgL−1) supplements and at higher concentrations of the above inhibited plant growth.

scholarly journals Release Kinetic Studies of Stevia rebaudiana Extract Capsules from Sodium Alginate and Inulin by Ionotropic Gelation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Quintal Martínez ◽  
Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz ◽  
Maira Rubí Segura Campos
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Ionotropic Gelation ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Release Analysis

This study was oriented towards encapsulation of S. rebaudiana extract and the study of its release kinetics. The desired encapsulation was achieved by the ionotropic gelation method using sodium alginate and inulin of polymeric constituents. Characterization of the capsules was performed by micrometric properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro extract release analysis, and biological activity of released extract. The in vitro release profiles from different capsules were applied on different kinetic models. The prepared capsules were found spherical in shape with diameters ranging from 2.07 to 2.63 mm, having the encapsulation efficiencies of 43.77% and 56.53% for phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides, respectively. The best-fit model with the highest correlation coefficient was observed in the Ritger–Peppas model, indicating diffusion controlled principle. The release exponent n value obtained from the Korsmeyer–Peppas model varied between 0.2273 and 1.1719, confirming that the mechanism of S. rebaudiana extract bioactive compounds release was diffusion controlled.

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