RESISTANCE OF 'GENEVA' APPLE ROOTSTOCKS TO ERWINIA AMYLOVORA WHEN GROWN AS POTTED PLANTS AND ORCHARD TREES

2002 ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Norelli ◽  
H.S. Aldwinckle ◽  
H.T. Holleran ◽  
T.L. Robinson ◽  
W.C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Potted Plants

RESISTANCE OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS TO FIRE BLIGHT CAUSED BY ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

2004 ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Barritt ◽  
B.S. Konishi ◽  
M.A. Dilley ◽  
L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks

Short communication: Tolerance of Vineland apple rootstocks to waterlogging and Phytophthora infestation

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Hampson ◽  
Paul Randall ◽  
Peter Sholberg
Keyword(s):  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Better Than

Hampson, C. R., Randall, P. and Sholberg, P. 2012. Short communication:Tolerance of Vineland apple rootstocks to waterlogging and Phytophthora infestation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 267–269. The Vineland (V) apple (Malus) rootstock series has displayed a range of dwarfing potential and fire blight resistance in research test plots. Knowledge of their resistance to crown and root rot, incited by Phytophthora spp., is desirable before recommending them for on-farm testing, but information on this subject is lacking. Therefore, we tested the response of V.1, V.2, V.3 and V.4 clonal rootstocks to Phytophthora (P. cactorum and P. cryptogea) and waterlogging (0, 24 or 48 h per week for 4 mo) in a factorial greenhouse experiment on potted plants, using M.9 (moderately resistant to Phytophthora) and MM.106 (susceptible) as standards for comparison. Root fresh weight was reduced equally by both pathogens relative to uninoculated controls; rootstocks differed in their response to flooding but not to pathogen treatment. Shoot fresh weight was depressed by flooding in a rootstock- and pathogen-dependent manner. In general, all four V rootstocks had better root and shoot growth than MM.106 in the flooding treatments, and all grew as well as, or better than M.9.

scholarly journals Fire Blight Resistance of Budagovsky 9 Apple Rootstock

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Russo ◽  
Terence L. Robinson ◽  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
High Level

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stem from genetic variation in the B.9 population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed the clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders.

scholarly journals Testing the virulence of some Hungarian Erwinia amylovora strains on in vitro cultured apple rootstocks

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hevesi ◽  
J. Papp ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
K. Kaszáné Csizmár ◽  
I. Pozsgai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Different Strains

A useful method was improved to test and to evaluate the susceptibility of plants to fire blight and the virulence of E. amylovora strains. Six Hungarian strains from different host plants were tested on in vitro cultured apple rootstocks. Disease rating was used for the characterization of the process of disease development. The different strains had different capacity to cause disease, mainly in the first period of incubation. There were significant differences between the virulence of the strains.

scholarly journals Survival of Apple Rootstocks to Natural Infections of Fire Blight

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
J.C. Schmid ◽  
B.L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

Survival of replicated rootstock plantings of apple trees (Malus ×domestica) to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) infection shows that a wide range of rootstock susceptibility exists. Trees on `Malling 26' (M.26), `Malling 9' (M.9), and `Mark' consistently had significant losses. Of the dwarfing rootstocks widely available commercially, `Budagovsky 9' (B.9) survived well with productive trees, but was not resistant to fire blight infection. The following experimental rootstocks had good survivability with many live productive trees in one or more trials: `Poland 2' (P.2), `Vineland 1' (V.1), `Malling 27 EMLA' (M.27 EMLA), `Budagovsky 491' (B.491), `Budagovsky 409' (B.409), `Vineland 7' (V.7), `Vineland 4' (V.4), and `Oregon Rootstock 1' (OAR1).

RESISTANCE OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS TO FIRE BLIGHT INFECTION CAUSED BY INTERNAL MOVEMENT OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA FROM SCION INFECTIONS

2004 ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Aldwinckle ◽  
N. LoGiudice ◽  
T.L. Robinson ◽  
H.T. Holleran ◽  
G. Fazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks

scholarly journals Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) susceptibility of old Hungarian apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth ◽  
K. Honty ◽  
M. Hevesi
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Resistant Sources ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
One Year

The aim of the Hungarian apple breeding program started in the Department of Fruit Science was to find resistant apple cultivars against major diseases (scab, powdery mildew, fire blight). The outbreak of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in 1996 motivated us to search new resistant sources principally from old traditional apple cultivars. First of all, cultivars have been gathered since 1997 from Carpathia (Visk) and evaluated between 2001 and 2003. In this recent study evaluation of resistance of old Hungarian genotypes to fire blight collected from the English National Fruit Collection (Brogdale, Faversham) is presented. 13 old Hungarian apple cultivars in 2002, and 38 genotypes in 2005 have been evaluated. We used `Idared' and 'Jonathan M41' as susceptible controls and 'Liberty' and 'Remo' as resistant ones. Shoots of two-year-old potted plants were inoculated with a mixture of virulent E. amylovora isolates (Ea2, Ea60, Ea67) at a concentration of 5 x 108 cells/ml. Resistance of apple cultivars was evaluated weekly, four times after inoculation by disease severity of symptoms. Numbers of bacterial colonies in 1 cm length shoot were determined in the fourth week after infection. 8 cultivars in 2002 and 9 cultivars in 2005 displayed notable resistance to fire blight based on one-year data. Based on the coincident data of both years, out of the cultivars collected also from Carpathia ‘Pónyik', and `Sikulai' were found to be resistant and gene sources additional old Hungarian valuable apple genotypes could be selected: `Szabadkai szercsika' and `Tordai piros !davit'. The cultivar `Szemes alma' originated from Visk has proved to be recurrently resistant. The number of bacterial cells in shoots of the investigated cultivars correlated with the severity of symptoms. With this method, which was introduced by us earlier, we can screen cultivars displaying weak visible symptoms, which cannot be proposed as a source of resistance because of their latent infection.

scholarly journals Fire blight host-pathogen interaction: proteome profiles of Erwinia amylovora infecting apple rootstocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Holtappels ◽  
Jean-Paul Noben ◽  
Patrick Van Dijck ◽  
Roland Valcke
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Resistance of Geneva and Other Apple Rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Norelli ◽  
H. T. Holleran ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
T. L. Robinson ◽  
H. S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Breeding Selections

When vigorously growing shoots of 49 different apple rootstocks grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with different strains of Erwinia amylovora, Budagovsky 9 (B.9), Ottawa 3, Malling 9, and Malling 26 were the most fire blight susceptible rootstocks and Geneva 11, Geneva 65, Geneva 16, Geneva 30, Pillnitzer Au51-11, Malling 7, and several breeding selections were the most resistant. Significant strain—rootstock interactions were observed in the amount of fire blight that resulted from inoculation. Field-grown fruiting ‘Royal Gala’ trees on Geneva 16 and Geneva 30 rootstocks were highly resistant to rootstock infection (no tree mortality) when trees sustained severe blossom infection with E. amylovora, compared with Malling 9 and Malling 26 rootstock clones, which were highly susceptible to infection (36 to 100% tree mortality). In contrast to potted own-rooted B.9 plants inoculated in a greenhouse, B.9 rootstocks of orchard trees appeared resistant to rootstock infection (0% tree mortality). Orchard trees on Geneva 11 were moderately resistant to rootstock infection (25% tree mortality). There was general agreement in the evaluation of resistance under orchard conditions when rootstock resistance was evaluated in relation to controlled blossom inoculation or to natural blossom infection.

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