Examination of vertical green facades and green roofs in terms of ecological criteria and evaluation of energy efficiency

The objective of this chapter is to recognize the fundamental issues for the low levels of efficiency of the strategies for the energy renovation of the building stock in Greece. The regulatory framework for the energy efficiency and energy renovation is analysed, and the main policies that have been adopted for upgrading the building stock are summarized. Strategies for the energy renovation of buildings have often led to the further deterioration of the built environment as the Greek city is still characterized by the low quality of life and the low energy efficiency of buildings. A tool for assessing the overall benefits of renovation strategies at the urban block scale is presented as a means for the optimization of the efforts and profits. A smart strategy of renovation including thermal insulation, passive design, and green roofs should be context based considering urban form, urban geometry, and climate.

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Energy performance assessment and optimization of extensive green roofs in different climate zones of China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017216003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 16003

Author(s):

Jiandong Ran ◽

Zhenjing Yang ◽

Ya Feng ◽

Ke Xiong ◽

Mingfang Tang

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Saving Rate ◽

Area Index ◽

Climate Zones ◽

Extensive Green Roofs

There are many research and engineering projects on extensive green roofs, however, there is still no design guide for green roofs` climate energy efficiency, which limits the further promotion and usage of it, especially in China containing five climate zones. Taking different climate zones of China as examples, the verified building model is used in the DesignBuilder software, and 2-4 typical cities in each climate zone are selected, then combined the genetic algorithm (GA-Ⅱ) to optimize the energy efficiency of the building under green roofs. The results show that in all the cities studied in the five climatic zones, extensive green roofs are more energy efficient than ordinary thermal insulation roofs, and the energy saving rate is between 1-26.4%; except for the Nenjiang, which the energy is mainly used for heating, the cooling energy consumption is reduced and the heating energy consumption is increased after the optimized green roof is adopted in other cities; it is also found that the energy saving rate of the green roof with optimization has a high correlation with the total annual solar radiation value of the city. In addition, the energy efficiency optimization of green roofs in all cities shows that a larger leaf area index is more conducive to energy conservation; however, in southern China, it is not recommended to use a thermal insulation layer in the roof structural layer below the soil.

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Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology

Ferrous Metallurgy Bulletin of Scientific Technical and Economic Information ◽

10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1253-1258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

pp. 1353-1258

Author(s):

V. A. Spirin ◽

V. E. Nikol’skii ◽

D. V. Vokhmintsev ◽

A. A. Moiseev ◽

P. G. Smirnov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Steel Production ◽

Scrap Metal ◽

Industrial Safety ◽

Technical Solution ◽

Metal Charge ◽

Basic Task ◽

Scrap Heating ◽

Winter Time

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

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Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2008-10-108-125 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 108-125

Author(s):

K. Zavodov

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Market Mechanism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Market Regulation ◽

Foreign Investments ◽

Russian Market ◽

Increase Energy Efficiency ◽

New Form ◽

Contract Structure ◽

Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

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