WATER AND SALT BALANCES OF KATLABUKH LAKE UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF WATER RESERVOIR OPERATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Y.A. Romanova ◽  
Zh.R. Shakirzanova ◽  
E. D. Gopchenko ◽  
I.S. Medvedieva
Keyword(s):  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Salt Flow

Katlabukh Lake is a part of the Danube Lakes system and is one of the surface water sources for water supply, for agricultural needs and irrigation of the region. Changing the conditions of operation and regulation of the reservoir led to a decrease of water levels and an increase of salinity, which makes it impossible to use water for different management needs. Calculations of the water and salt regimes of the lake based on the solution of the equation of balance said that in the water balance of Katlabukh Lake the main volume of the revenue part for the period 1980-2018 was precipitation (36.1%) and water inflow from the Danube River (38%), and the expenditure part – evaporation together with transpiration (50.5%). Salt flow into the lake is mainly due to surface inflow (53.4%) and water of the Danube River (25.5%), and loss of irrigation (45.1%) and water discharges to the Danube River (31.9%). Simulation modeling of the water-salt regime of the Katlabukh lake under different conditions of exploitation of the reservoir showed that corrective management measures are needed to improve the qualitative indicators of the water in the reservoir. They consist in the fact that for three summer months it is necessary to carry out forced pumping of poorly mineralized water from the Danube River to compensate for evaporation from the water surface (on average in volumes of the order of 55 million m3) or to carry out fences of water from the lake for irrigation in 60 million m3. This will allow to reach the design values of water mineralization in the lake equal to 1.0-1.5 g/dm3. Thus, addressing a range of problems to conserve and restore the rational use of the natural resources of Katlabukh Lake requires effective managerial water management activities that require additional feasibility studies.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis and Trend Detection of the Hydrological Extremes of the Danube River at Bratislava

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012101
Author(s):  
Veronika Bacová Mitková
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hydrological Extremes ◽  
Measured Water

Abstract The territory of the Danube River Basin is one of the most flood-endangered regions in Europe. The flow regime conditions of the Danube River are continually changing. These changes are the result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In the present study, we focused on the statistical analysis and trend detection of the hydrological extremes of the Danube River at Bratislava. This paper firstly analyses the changes in correlation between water levels of the Danube River at Bratislava and Kienstock. Studied period of 1991-2013 included one or three hour measured water levels of the Danube River at Bratislava and Kienstock and shorter periods (1991–1995, 1999–2002, and 2004—2013) were selected for identification of the water level changes at Bratislava. One of the factors that recall the necessity to establish empirical - regression relationships was increasing of water levels of the Danube River at Bratislava (due to sediments accumulation at Bratislava). The results of the analysis indicated an increasing of water levels corresponding to the same flood discharges observed in the past. We also can say that travel time of the Danube floods between Kienstock and Bratislava did not change significantly during the analysed period. In the second part of the paper, we have identified changes in commonly used hydrological characteristics of annual maximum discharges, annual discharges and daily discharges of the Danube River at Bratislava during the period of 1876–2019. We examined whether there is a significant trend in discharges of the Danube River at Bratislava.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Based Prediction of Seawater Level: A Case Study for Bosphorus Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242-1254
Author(s):  
Yavuz Karsavran ◽  
Tarkan Erdik
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Bosphorus Strait

Sea level prediction is an important phenomenon for making reliable oceanographic and ship traffic management decisions especially for Bosphorus Strait that has no permanent sea level measurement stations due to high cost. This study presents artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to predict the seawater level in the Bosphorus Strait. In addition, the Multiple Linear Regression model (MLR) is constructed and employed as a benchmark. The dataset employed in developing the models are wind speed, atmospheric pressure, water surface salinity, and temperature data, which were measured between September 2004 and January 2006. The results reveal that all ANN and SVM models outperform MLR and can predict the water levels quite accurately. ANN has a better performance than SVM for predicting sea level in the Bosphorus by coefficient of correlation (R) = 0.76 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.059. Moreover, the influence of the Danube River discharge in the prediction is investigated in the present study. The discharge of the Danube River by the lag time of 70 days yields the highest performance on ANN by increasing R to 0.82 and decreasing RMSE to 0.048.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL-RECLAMATION SITUATION ON THE RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF THE DANUBE RIVER AND WAYS OF INCREASING THEIR ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WEATHER AND CLIMATE RISKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
A. Rokochinskiy ◽  
V. Turchenyuk ◽  
P. Volk ◽  
N. Prikhodko ◽  
N. Frolenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Rice Irrigation ◽  
Water Salt

The analysis of the main reasons for the unsatisfactory hydrogeological-reclamation state of the Danubian rice irrigation systems was carried out and the ways of its improvement due to the increase of drainage ability of irrigated lands of rice systems were considered. On the saline lands of the rice systems of the Danube delta drainage network is the main means of active and directed influence on the water-salt regime of the reclaimed area, formation of the regime of groundwater level, both in the growing season and in the not irrigated period for rice and attendant crops. Drainage network is essentially a determining factor in the formation of productivity of agricultural lands. An analysis of the efficiency of the drainage operation on the rice systems of the Danube Delta has shown that drainage built in accordance with the design standards that were in force at the time of construction does not provide uniform drainage ability in the area and the soil profile of rice fields. This is one of the main reasons for their unsatisfactory hydrogeological-reclamation state and reducing the yield of rice and attendant crops. By conducting optimization calculations according to the expense indicator, taking into account that optimal vertical filtration rate for the Danubian rice irrigation systems is at the level of 6...8 mm/day the optimal distance between the drains – 100 m was determined. Constructive improvement of existing rice systems with the drainage network in the form of open drains and distances between them – 250...500 m can be accomplished through the installation of additional separate closed drain-collectors. These drain-collectors are appropriate to arrange along the checks, with the set distance. For reducing the value of the vertical filtration rate in the drainage zone where it reaches 25 mm/day it is advisable to practice maintaining of water levels in the drainage network. Consequently, it is possible to achieve a reduction of the filtration rate to 4…5 mm/day. Developed measures and corresponding reconstruction of rice systems will enable to maintenance of satisfactory hydrological and hydrogeological regimes,ensure uniform salinity of soils during the cultivation of flooded rice, create favorable conditions for oxidation-reducing processes and maintenance of favorable ecological-reclamation state on the system.

Radiocarbon and Stable Isotopes as Groundwater Tracers in the Danube River Basin of SW Slovakia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 1017-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
P P Povinec ◽  
Z Ženišová ◽  
A Šivo ◽  
N Ogrinc ◽  
M Richtáriková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Danube River Basin

Horizontal and vertical variations in the distribution of 14C, δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H in groundwater of Žitný Island (Rye Island) have been studied. Žitný Island, situated in the Danube River Basin, is the largest island in Europe that is formed by interconnected rivers. It is also the largest groundwater reservoir in central Europe (∼1010 m3 of drinking water). The δ2H vs. δ18O plot made from collected groundwater samples showed an agreement with the Global Meteoric Water Line. In the eastern part of the island, it was found that subsurface water profiles (below 10 m water depth) showed enriched δ18O levels, which were probably caused by large evaporation losses and the practice of irrigating the land for agriculture. The core of the subsurface 14C profile represents contemporary groundwater with 14C values >80 pMC, indicating that the Danube River during all its water levels feeds most of the groundwater of Žitný Island. However, on the eastern part of the island a small area was found where the δ13C and 14C data (down to ∼30 pMC) helped to identify a groundwater aquifer formed below the Neogene clay sediments. This is the first time that vertical distributions of isotopes in different groundwater horizons have been studied.

scholarly journals Impact of the Danube River on the groundwater dynamics in the Kozloduy Lowland

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Peter Gerginov
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Drainage Flow ◽  
Groundwater Balance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Groundwater Regime

Intense groundwater flow in the Kozloduy Lowland is related to the formed layered aquifer on the contemporary Danube River terrace. The main factors affecting the groundwater regime are fluctuations of the Danube River, water influx from the south and the recharge as a part of the rainfalls in the area. The drainage system in the central part of the lowland affects the water levels and creates a widespread depression. This forms a disturbed groundwater regime in the area. The impacts of the Danube River for a six-year period (from 2007 to 2012) have been estimated. The groundwater balance elements were analyzed, based on transient numerical model of the lowland. Fluctuations of the groundwater levels are the most significant close to the river at a distance of 300–400 m, reaching as much as 1000 m in the lowland. Oscillation’s amplitude of groundwater levels gradually decreases with distance from the river and as a result of the drainage system abstraction. There is relation between the water stages in the river and the intensity of the drainage flow.

ASSESSMENT HARMONIZATION PROBLEMS OF THE LONG RETURN PERIOD FLOODS ON THE DANUBE RIVER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pekárová ◽  
◽  
Pavol Miklánek ◽  
Veronika Bačová Mitková ◽  
Marcel Garaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Pearson Type ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Pearson Type Iii Distribution

One of the basic problems of the flood hydrology was (and still is) the solution of the relationship between peak discharges of the flood waves and probability of their return period. The assessment of the design values along the Danube channel is more complicated due to application of different estimation methods of design values in particular countries downstream the Danube. Therefore, it is necessary to commence the harmonization of the flood design values assessment methods. All methods of estimating floods with a very long return period are associated with great uncertainties. Determining of the specific value of the 500- or 1000-year floods for engineering practice is extremely complex. Nowadays hydrologists are required to determine not only the specific design value of the flood, but it is also necessary to specify confidence intervals in which the flow of a given 100-, 500-, or 1000-year flood may occur with probability, for example, 90 %. The assessment of the design values Qmax can be done by several methods. In this study we have applied the statistical methods based on the assessment of the distribution function of measured time series of the maximum annual discharge. In order to apply regionalization methods for the estimation of the distribution function in this study we used only one distribution - the Pearson Type III distribution with logarithmic transformation of the data (log Pearson Type III distribution - LP3 distribution). To estimate regional skew coefficient for the Danube River we use 20 Qmax measured time series from water gauges along the Danube River from Germany to Ukraine. We firstly analyzed the occurrence of historic floods in several stations along the Danube River. Then we search relationship between the parameter of skewness of the log Pearson type III distribution function and runoff depth, altitude, or basin area in all 20 water gauge. Skewness coefficients of the LP3 distribution in the stations along the Danube River vary between –0.4 and 0.86.

scholarly journals Diagnosis Of The Impact Of The Gabčíkovo Water Project On Soil Water Regime In The Surroundings

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Miroslava JARABICOVÁ ◽  
Mária PÁSZTOROVÁ ◽  
Justína VITKOVÁ ◽  
Peter MINARIČ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Water Project ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Rye Island is a unique natural formation, which lies between the main flow of the Danube River and the Little Danube River and is the largest river island in Europe. It is located in the southwest of Slovakia and with its mild to slightly warm climate is one of the most fertile agricultural areas in Slovakia. The whole Rye Island is also our greatest reservoir of quality waters used for drinking purposes, where groundwaters of Rye Island are permanently supplied with water from the Danube River. It means that as water levels in the Danube River were unstable before the construction of the Gabčíkovo Water Project, also the groundwater level faced large fluctuations. Changes occurred after putting the Gabčíkovo Water Project into service, with a decrease in groundwater levels. Thereby, the conditions for agriculture have improved and drying of surrounding protected floodplain forests has stopped. Through the present contribution we decided to analyse the impact of Gabčíkovo on soil water regime in the area of Rye Island, and evaluate the course of groundwater level, precipitation and soil water storage over time. For the representative area we chose a forest ecosystem of Král’ovská Lúka and evaluated the period 1999 to 2009.

scholarly journals Research of individual components of hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of the Danube River within the Ukrainian interval from Reni to Izmail

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Zh. R. Shakirzanova ◽  
N. S. Kichuk ◽  
Yе. О. Romanova ◽  
I. D. Kichuk ◽  
Iu. S. Medvedieva
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Water Renewal ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Annual Distribution

Introduction. This investigation aims at studying the individual components of the hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of the Danube River (within Ukraine) in connection with the widespread use of the river's water for water supply and irrigation in the southern region, as well as to ensure more effective regulation of water-salt regime of the Danube lakes using the Danube River as a main source for their water renewal. One of important aspects includes the study of the regime of the Danube River's suspended sediments brought to its delta due to their impact on the formation of the delta at the river's mouth of as well as due to the impact on siltation of deltaic and pre-delta lakes and canals connecting the lakes with the Danube River. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study long-term and current trends related to changes in hydrological (water levels and discharges, suspended sediments runoff) and hydrochemical (mineralization) regimes of the Danube River within the Ukrainian interval from Reni to Izmail, internal annual distribution of water runoff, as well as suspended sediments runoff and mineralization during the years of varying water content.  Results. The statistical analysis of long-term series of observations over the Danube River within the interval from Reni to Izmail resulted in discovering that time trends of average, maximum and minimum water levels (1921-2015) and discharges (1840-2015) indicate the presence of a weak increase in their growth over time, with a more pronounced increase in maximum water levels or discharges. The annual distribution shows the general synchronicity of fluctuations in runoff characteristics, and the maximum monthly values of water discharge differ have more pronounced seasonal fluctuations. The study shows the presence of a pronounced trend to reduction of suspended sediments runoff of the Danube River at Reni (for the period of 1840-2015), with their most intensive decrease over the period of 1990-2015. Annual distribution of average monthly suspended sediments runoff of the Danube River for the years with typical water content (for the period of 1978-2015) showed that they have seasonal fluctuations. At the same time, there is a decrease in the suspended sediments runoff along the length of the river from Reni to Izmail. The long-term course of average annual mineralization values of the Danube River at Izmail (1981-2015) is characterized by their decrease against the background of a small increase in average annual discharges. As per the annual distribution of mineralization values associated with all water content groups there are the periods related to the phases of the river's yearly water regime during and the economic use of water. Conclusion. Thus, the increase in the long-term period of the Danube River runoff within the interval from Reni to Izmail will contribute to the development of the region's economy and water supply, irrigated farming, regulation of the Danube Lakes filling with weakly mineralized river water. At the same time, the reduction of the suspended sediments runoff will restrain the siltation of the inlet canals connecting the lakes with the Danube River, which will improve the water renewal of the lakes with the river's fresh waters.

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