scholarly journals Estimation of River Discharge from Satellite Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072-1083
Author(s):  
Dhanendra Bahekar, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Gauged Basins ◽  
Runoff Model

The role of streamflow is very important in any type of hydrologic. For very effective flood routing and hydraulic structure design, it is important to have a large dataset of past years. We now have a conceptual rainfall-runoff model that can predict streamflow based on pre-existing datasets. Because there is no or very little observed data in un-gauged basins, calibrating these models to predict daily streamflow becomes difficult. Nowadays, parameters for example river width can be observed using satellite images, and some studies show a promising associated relation between discharge and river width. The suggested study demonstrates a method for calculating streamflow from river width extracted with the help of satellite imagery. To predict streamflow, hydrological models are calibrated using river width instead of in site observed streamflow, and for estimating uncertainty Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) is used. For validation, the suggested method is implemented in the Kharun river basin situated in the Chhattisgarh state of India. The obtained Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is 92.6 % for simulated river discharge in 2019-2020 at the 50% quantile, which is promising.

scholarly journals Regionalizing rainfall–runoff model parameters to predict the daily streamflow of ungauged catchments in the dry tropics

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Post
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

A methodology has been derived which allows an estimate to be made of the daily streamflow at any point within the Burdekin catchment in the dry tropics of Australia. The input data requirements are daily rainfall (to drive the rainfall–runoff model) and mean average wet season rainfall, total length of streams, percent cropping and percent forest in the catchment (to regionalize the parameters of the rainfall–runoff model). The method is based on the use of a simple, lumped parameter rainfall–runoff model, IHACRES (Identification of unit Hydrographs And Component flows from Rainfall, Evaporation and Streamflow data). Of the five parameters in the model, three have been set to constants to reflect regional conditions while the other two have been related to physio-climatic attributes of the catchment under consideration. The parameter defining total catchment water yield (c) has been estimated based on the mean average wet season rainfall, while the streamflow recession time constant (τ) has been estimated based on the total length of streams, percent cropping and percent forest in the catchment. These relationships have been shown to be applicable over a range of scales from 68–130,146 km2. However, three separate relationships were required to define c in the three major physiographic regions of the Burdekin: the upper Burdekin, Bowen and Suttor/lower Burdekin. The invariance of the relationships with scale indicates that the dominant processes may be similar across a range of scales. The fact that different relationships were required for each of the three major regions indicates the geographic limitations of this regionalization approach. For most of the 24 gauged catchments within the Burdekin the regionalized rainfall–runoff models were nearly as good as or better than the rainfall–runoff models calibrated to the observed streamflow. In addition, models often performed better over the simulation period than the calibration period. This indicates that future improvements in regionalization should focus on improving the quality of input data and rainfall–runoff model conceptualization rather than on the regionalization procedure per se.

scholarly journals A Modified IHACRES Rainfall–Runoff Model for Predicting Hydrologic Response of a River Basin System with a Relevant Groundwater Component

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Iolanda Borzì ◽  
Brunella Bonaccorso ◽  
Aldo Fiori
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

A flow regime can be broadly categorized as either perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral, depending on whether the streamflow is continuous all year round, or ceasing for weeks or months each year. Various conceptual models are needed to capture the behavior of these different flow regimes, which reflect differences in the stream–groundwater hydrologic connection. As the hydrologic connection becomes more transient and a catchment’s runoff response more nonlinear, such as for intermittent streams, the need for explicit representation of the groundwater increases. In the present study, we investigated the connection between the Northern Etna groundwater system and the Alcantara River basin in Sicily, which is intermittent in the upstream, and perennial since the midstream, due to groundwater resurgence. To this end, we apply a modified version of IHACRES rainfall–runoff model, whose input data are a continuous series of concurrent daily streamflow, rainfall and temperature data. The structure of the model includes three different modules: (1) a nonlinear loss module that transforms precipitation to effective rainfall by considering the influence of temperature; (2) a linear module based on the classical convolution between effective rainfall and the unit hydrograph which is able to simulate the quick component of the runoff; and (3) a second nonlinear module that simulates the slow component of the runoff and that feeds the groundwater storage. From the sum of the quick and slow components (except for groundwater losses, representing the aquifer recharge), the total streamflow is derived. This model structure is applied separately to sub-basins showing different hydrology and land use. The model is calibrated at Mojo cross-section, where daily streamflow data are available. Point rainfall and temperature data are spatially averaged with respect to the considered sub-basins. Model calibration and validation are carried out for the period 1984–1986 and 1987–1988 respectively.

scholarly journals A Modified IHACRES Rainfall-Runoff Model for Predicting the Hydrologic Response of a River Basin Connected with a Deep Groundwater Aquifer

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Borzì ◽  
Brunella Bonaccorso ◽  
Aldo Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

A flow regime is influenced by the degree of hydrologic connection between surface water and groundwater. As this connection becomes more transient and the basin’s runoff response more non-linear, such as for intermittent streams, the need for explicit representation of the groundwater component increases. The present study investigates the connection between Northern Etna groundwater system and the Alcantara river basin in Sicily (Italy). In particular, the upstream part of the basin, whose flow regime is essentially intermittent, is modeled through a modified version of the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model. The structure of the model includes a routing module formulated as a two-store model, with the upper store simulating the quick component of the runoff and recharging the lower store which, in turn, describes the slow component of the runoff and the groundwater extraction and losses. Both stores are conceptualized as simple linear reservoirs, with the lower one that maintains a continuous water balance account of groundwater storage volumes for the upstream basin area with respect to a control cross-section, assumed to be the stream gauging station. The model is calibrated at Moio Alcantara cross-section, where daily streamflow data are available. Model calibration and validation are carried out for the period 1980–1984 and 1986–1988, respectively. A first-order analysis is also performed to assess the sensitivity of model parameters. The adopted configuration is shown to improve model performance with respect to the original IHACRES model, with the proposed formulation able to better capture the interactions between the aquifer and the river.

scholarly journals Integration and calibration of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model in the framework of a decision support system for river basin management

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Götzinger ◽  
A. Bárdossy
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. Water balance models provide significant input to integrated models that are used to simulate river basin processes. However, one of the primary problems involves the coupling and simultaneous calibration of rainfall-runoff and groundwater models. This problem manifests itself through circular arguments - the hydrologic model is modified to calculate highly discretized groundwater recharge rates as input to the groundwater model which provides modeled base flow for the flood-routing module of the rainfall-runoff model. A possibility to overcome this problem using a modified version of the HBV Model is presented in this paper. Regionalisation and optimization methods lead to objective and efficient calibration despite large numbers of parameters. The representation of model parameters by transfer functions of catchment characteristics enables consistent parameter estimation. By establishing such relationships, models are calibrated for the parameters of the transfer functions instead of the model parameters themselves. Simulated annealing, using weighted Nash-Sutcliffe-coefficients of variable temporal aggregation, assists in efficient parameterisations. The simulations are compared to observed discharge and groundwater recharge modeled by the State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg using the model TRAIN-GWN.

scholarly journals Commercial microwave links as rainfall input data in urban hydrological modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Cazzaniga ◽  
Carlo De Michele ◽  
Cristina Deidda ◽  
Michele D'Amico ◽  
Antonio Ghezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Commercial Microwave Links

<p>Many studies in literature have showed that hydrological models are highly sensitive to spatial variability of the rainfall field. Limited and inaccurate rainfall observations can negatively affect flood forecasting and the decision-making processes based on warning system. This problem becomes much more evident in urban catchments which usually covers huge areas and where the runoff process is faster, due to the highly impervious surfaces. Given this, it is a priority to develop always new operational instruments which can improve rainfall data availability and accurately quantify rainfall variability in space. To face this challenge, in the recent years, it has been investigated the use of commercial microwave links (CML) as opportunistic rainfall sensors which could be integrated with traditional rainfall observations in areas lacking sensors. The technique relies on the well-established relationship between CML's signal attenuation and rainfall intensity across the signal propagation path. Here, we assess the operational potential of a CML network, located in the northern area of Lambro river (Lombardia region, Italy). This urbanized region is of great hydrological interest, since it is often subjected to flash floods, hence it requires a robust and accurate warning system. We considered a set of about 80 CMLs distributed quite uniformly over the entire study area and we assessed if and how rainfall data collected by them can improve river discharge predictions. To this aim, we implemented a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model, which reproduces the river flow at the outlet section in Lesmo (Monza e Brianza), and we fed the hydrological model with CML rainfall data. We tested the use of CML rainfall data as input to the hydrological model. In particular, we used path-averaged rainfall intensities, calculated from CML path attenuation, as point measurements with a weight inversely proportional to CML length. To check the suitability of CML data as input to our urban rainfall-runoff model, we compared the observed river discharge with the predicted one, obtained using different rainfall data layouts. Indeed, we tested CML data but also rain gauges measurements and a combination of CML and rain gauge observations.</p>

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