scholarly journals THE BRAZILIAN ‘ECOLOGICAL-ICMS’: A PES SCHEME BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 421-439
Author(s):  
Matheus Linck Bassani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Deductive Method

The scope of this legal brief is to analyze the Brazilian legislation concerning the ‘Ecological-ICMS’, the ‘ecological’ State value-added tax imposed on the circulation of goods and services – ICMS. Using a deductive method, it was identified this tax mechanism operates as a type of ‘payment for ecosystem services’ (PES) scheme in practice, offering the possibility to stimulate environmental protection by distributing revenue from ICMS collected by States to Municipalities that promote conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. This type of measure was motivated by the need to address challenges in providing economic compensation for Municipalities that undertook environmental protection measures in Brazil, and can serve as a form of positive incentive for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 

scholarly journals THE BRAZILIAN ‘ECOLOGICAL-ICMS’: A PES SCHEME BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 421-439
Author(s):  
Matheus Linck Bassani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Deductive Method

The scope of this legal brief is to analyze the Brazilian legislation concerning the ‘Ecological-ICMS’, the ‘ecological’ State value-added tax imposed on the circulation of goods and services – ICMS. Using a deductive method, it was identified this tax mechanism operates as a type of ‘payment for ecosystem services’ (PES) scheme in practice, offering the possibility to stimulate environmental protection by distributing revenue from ICMS collected by States to Municipalities that promote conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. This type of measure was motivated by the need to address challenges in providing economic compensation for Municipalities that undertook environmental protection measures in Brazil, and can serve as a form of positive incentive for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 

scholarly journals THE BRAZILIAN ‘ECOLOGICAL-ICMS’: A PES SCHEME BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 421-439
Author(s):  
Matheus Linck Bassani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Deductive Method

The scope of this legal brief is to analyze the Brazilian legislation concerning the ‘Ecological-ICMS’, the ‘ecological’ State value-added tax imposed on the circulation of goods and services – ICMS. Using a deductive method, it was identified this tax mechanism operates as a type of ‘payment for ecosystem services’ (PES) scheme in practice, offering the possibility to stimulate environmental protection by distributing revenue from ICMS collected by States to Municipalities that promote conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. This type of measure was motivated by the need to address challenges in providing economic compensation for Municipalities that undertook environmental protection measures in Brazil, and can serve as a form of positive incentive for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 

scholarly journals THE BRAZILIAN ‘ECOLOGICAL-ICMS’: A PES SCHEME BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 421-439
Author(s):  
Matheus Linck Bassani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Deductive Method

The scope of this legal brief is to analyze the Brazilian legislation concerning the ‘Ecological-ICMS’, the ‘ecological’ State value-added tax imposed on the circulation of goods and services – ICMS. Using a deductive method, it was identified this tax mechanism operates as a type of ‘payment for ecosystem services’ (PES) scheme in practice, offering the possibility to stimulate environmental protection by distributing revenue from ICMS collected by States to Municipalities that promote conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. This type of measure was motivated by the need to address challenges in providing economic compensation for Municipalities that undertook environmental protection measures in Brazil, and can serve as a form of positive incentive for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 

scholarly journals Impact of Value Added Tax to Enugu’s Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
MARIA LUISA GONZALES ◽  
FRIDAY ODE
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT           Value-added tax is everywhere; it is in the most of goods and services we purchase. Take for instance; when we go to the salon to get our hair done, when we gas up our car, vat is also included in what we pay.  In the Philippines, the value-added tax is a form of sales tax. It is a tax on the consumption levied on the sale, barter exchange, or lease of goods, properties, and services in the Philippines, and on importation of goods into the country, it is an indirect tax that may be shifted or passed into the buyer transferring lease of goods, properties or services. While in Nigeria, VAT is a Federal Government Tax that is administered using the existing machinery of the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS). This study assessed the impact of value-added tax on Enugu Nigeria’s Economy, specifically to Government, Business Organizations, and Consumers, the problems identified, significant relationships, and the solutions recommended. The findings revealed that VAT has a significant impact on business organizations and consumers but positively on the part of the government. Recommendation for the improvement is for the consumer with low average earnings should be exempted in paying the VAT provided however, criteria must be set to exempt them in VAT. Keyword: Social Sciences, Impact, Value added Tax, Revenue, descriptive research design, Philippines

scholarly journals Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Onoja Eneche ◽  
Ibrahim Ademu Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the relationship between Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth. In order to achieve this objective, data was gathered through secondary means. Tax Revenue is proxy by Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax, while Economic Growth is proxy by Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Stata computer software. The study revealed that Petroleum Profit Tax (oil tax revenue) has a positive but no significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth, while Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax (non-oil Tax Revenue) have significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth. The study recommends that government should minimize the wide spread corruption and leakages prevalent in tax administration in Nigeria, and transparently and judiciously account for tax revenue generated through the provision of more quality public goods and services, and need not to increase the rates of Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax in the short run, but to closely monitor the operations of companies engaged in petroleum operations to minimize tax evasion, and as well as support the development of entrepreneurial activities in order to significantly increase Tax Revenue so as to sustain the significant relationship of VAT and CIT (non-oil tax) revenue with Nigeria Economic Growth.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of the Copenhagen Economics Study on Reduced VAT Rates in the Current Conditions of the Moravian-Silesian Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Kateřina Randová ◽  
Michal Krajňák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Dominant Influence

This paper deals with a long-debated issue of the application of value added tax rates to labour-intensive services. The level of value added tax rates has a dominant influence on the tax liability of suppliers of these services and subsequently on the amount of available funds that they could use for development of their business. The aim of this paper is a presentation of results of the student grant “Quantification of Impacts of Application of Reduced Value Added Tax Rate to Locally Supplied Services on the Suppliers of these Services”, which is focused on selected aspects of the “Study on reduced VAT applied to goods and services in the Member States of the European Union” in the conditions of the providers of these services from the Moravian-Silesian Region. For this paper the methods of regression analysis and analysis of variance – ANOVA were used. The deductive method and method of analysis have also been used.

scholarly journals COMPLIANCE TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE RULES: THE CASE OF MALAYSIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanti Ahmad Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environmental Protection Measure ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
The Government

An environmental protection measure will have an effect on international trade when it affects market access of goods and services. The objectives of this paper are to explore the international trade rules that need to be complied by the government of Malaysia with respect to invoking environmental protection measures and secondly, to look into the government’s compliance with international trade rules when invoking such measures. The international trade rules that need to be complied in this study are the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Malaysia’s environmental protection measures can be found in Malaysia’s domestic laws such as the Plant Quarantine Act 1976, Food Act 1983, Fisheries Act 1985 and national policies. The methodology employed in this study was by analyzing WTO and GATT agreements and decisions by the Dispute Settlement Bodies of the WTO in international dispute cases and also by analyzing Malaysia’s regulations in order to find out how far the government has complied with these international trade rules. The significance of this study is to recognize Malaysia’s efforts in dealing with international trade rules when invoking environmental protection measures.

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