scholarly journals The role of services in the environmental Kuznets curve

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
Manuel Cantavella
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This paper examines the influence of services activity in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The analysis is applied for Spain during the period 1940-2014. It compares the standard environmental Kuznets curve model and its modification by isolating the evolution of services effect. The results through the autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) estimation strategy confirm that even though all economic activities tend to be more and more sustainable, it is the evolution of services sector that becomes fundamental in the reduction of per capita CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A New Insight of the Existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Andryan Setyadharma ◽  
Shanty Oktavilia ◽  
Yayu Tika Atmadani ◽  
Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag

Natural resources play as vital inputs for economic activities, mainly in developing countries. However, massive use of natural resources puts more pressure on the environment and as the result, the quality of environment is deteriorating. The body of economic literature have shown that income is associated with harm to the natural environment. The relationship between income and degradation of the environment is known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Previous studies of EKC hypothesis in Indonesia are still limited and the results are inconclusive due to different results. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a new insight of the existence of EKC in Indonesia using different method. Most of previous studies of EKC in Indonesia employ Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, while this study uses data panel regression method from 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2012 to 2018. The result confirms the existence of EKC hypothesis in Indonesia. This study also estimates the turning point, a level of income that starts give positive impact on the environment. This result gives new insight to the existing literature. The policy implication for policymakers are straightforward, i.e. improve wealth of the society through higher income for the protection of the environment.

scholarly journals Investment Portfolio, Democratic Accountability, Poverty and Income Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: A Way to Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6411
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Hassan ◽  
Haider Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed ◽  
Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb ◽  
Noman Arshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Short Run

Institutions help to streamline the economic activity-related procedures, where government intervention might be involved. Institutions also play a significant role in social sustainability. The findings using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration for the period from 1984–2019 reveal that investment portfolio and democratic accountability reduce poverty in Pakistan both in the long and short run. Moreover, democratic accountability helps to reduce income inequality, but the investment portfolio’s role is not significant. The literacy rate helps to reduce income inequality, and inflation increases poverty and income inequality. The remittances increase income inequality, and urbanization increases poverty. To eradicate poverty and income inequality, the governments should be accountable for their actions to the general public while they remain in power. If they do not deliver as per their manifestoes, they will not be reelected in the next election. Moreover, there is a dire need to redefine the role of an investment portfolio to reduce the risk of investment. So, investments would increase economic activities and could reduce poverty and income inequality. This study contributes to the literature by inquiring about the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability in social sustainability by reducing poverty and income inequality. This study only considers Pakistan’s economy due to limitations of poverty data availability in other countries. The scope could further be broadened by accessing data for a wider Asia region to test the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability to reduce poverty and income inequality.

scholarly journals Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyeok Kim ◽  
Hyungwoo Lim ◽  
Ha-Hyun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Robustness Check

The purpose of this article is to empirically find the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between income and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and to analyze the influence of population aging on such emissions. We utilize Korean regional panel data of 16 provinces during the period from 1998 to 2016. To account for the nonstationary time series in the panel, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and estimate long-run elasticity. From the empirical results, we can find the nonlinear relationship between income and CO2 emissions. Additionally, we verify the fact that population aging reduces CO2 emissions. A 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly results in a 0.4% decrease in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the younger population increases CO2 emissions. These results were in line with those of additional analysis on residential and transportation CO2 emissions, for the robustness check.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis on CO2 Emissions: Evidence for China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Jihuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect

China is the largest CO2 emitter in the world, and it shared 28% of the global CO2 emissions in 2017. According to the Paris Agreement, it is estimated that China’s CO2 emissions will reach its peak by 2030. However, whether or not the CO2 emissions in China will rise again from its peak is still unknown. If the emission level continues to increase, the Chinese policymakers might have to introduce a severe CO2 reduction policy. The aim of this paper is to conduct an empirical analysis on the long-standing relationship between CO2 emissions and income while controlling energy consumption, trade openness, and urbanization. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and the bounds test were adopted in evaluating the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The quantile regression was also used as an inference approach. The study reveals two major findings: first, instead of the conventional U-shaped EKC hypothesis, there is the N-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the long run. Second, a positive effect of energy consumption and a negative effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions, in the long run, are also estimated. Quantitatively, if energy consumption rises by 1%, then CO2 emissions will increase by 0.9% in the long run. Therefore, the findings suggest that a breakthrough, in terms of policymaking and energy innovation under China’s specific socioeconomic and political circumstances, are required for future decades.

scholarly journals Malaysia’s Energy-Growth Nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: Empirical Analysis Using the VECM and ARDL Cointegration Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Takashi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Causality Tests

This paper investigated Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period 1971-2014 by taking the globalization variables of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) and the structural break dummy of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 into estimation. To give interference, the Granger causality tests were implemented in the framework of two cointegration techniques: vector error correction model (VECM) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). As per Malaysia’s energy-growth nexus, referring to different results of the two approaches, we concluded that the presence of the energy-growth nexus was statistically confirmed, but it has not been fully established yet in the country. On the other hand, both the VECM and ARDL results provided the same conclusion for Malaysia’s EKC hypothesis, that is, in the initial stage, as the higher economic growth, the less CO2 emissions, but after a threshold, the higher economic growth, the more CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Economy and Pollution by CO2 Emissions - Kuznets Environmental Curve in Asia Pacific Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ortiz-Paniagua ◽  
Mario Nuno Mata ◽  
Mario Gómes ◽  
José Moleiro Martins ◽  
Juan González-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The economies of the Asia Pacific region (APEC) are among the most dynamic, with the highest levels of commercial activity and environmental degradation in the world. One way to study trends in the relationship between the economy and pollution is the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This perspective assumed that in the long-term, higher levels of wealth would be achieve lower pollution levels. The aim was analyze whether the EKC behavior occurs for the APEC economies. The method used was an econometric model for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP. The results showed stationary unit root in first differences, this suggest the presence of EKC behavior was explained with a high probability level that the GDP coefficient would reach an inflection point to become negative and significant.

Approaches to the Formation of a Theoretical Model for the Analysis of Environmental and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Denys HOROBCHENKO ◽  
Viacheslav VORONENKO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Minimum Condition ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The paper considers the influence of economic development factors on the state of the environment. The subject of the research is the processes of improving the sustainable development (SD). A theoretical model for analysis of environmental and economic development was worked out based on the existing methods and a more comprehensive presentation of information on the parameters of SD. Possibilities of achieving the Environmental Kuznets Curve as the conditions for the SD improvement are determined. A minimum condition to guarantee the nonavailability of deterioration in the SD was determined to overcome the point of maximum pollution. This point describes emissions of pollutants, taking into account the accumulation effect of the pollution, which can be observed from the moment of exceeding of the assimilation potential of the environment. Proposed approaches were applied to the development analysis relative to the environmental component, the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Ukraine. Accordingly, Ukraine has a predominantly positive trend towards the SD relative to the environmental component. This trend is partly supported by predominant decrease in specific CO2 emissions per unit of output in the economy. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the concentration of Ukraine's CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, despite the fact that the overall level of emissions has decreased. Therefore, overcoming the tendency of increase in the concentration of pollution requires a significant increase in the environmental effects of economic activities and the coordination of actions on the international level.

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