Approaches to the Formation of a Theoretical Model for the Analysis of Environmental and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Denys HOROBCHENKO ◽  
Viacheslav VORONENKO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Minimum Condition ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The paper considers the influence of economic development factors on the state of the environment. The subject of the research is the processes of improving the sustainable development (SD). A theoretical model for analysis of environmental and economic development was worked out based on the existing methods and a more comprehensive presentation of information on the parameters of SD. Possibilities of achieving the Environmental Kuznets Curve as the conditions for the SD improvement are determined. A minimum condition to guarantee the nonavailability of deterioration in the SD was determined to overcome the point of maximum pollution. This point describes emissions of pollutants, taking into account the accumulation effect of the pollution, which can be observed from the moment of exceeding of the assimilation potential of the environment. Proposed approaches were applied to the development analysis relative to the environmental component, the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Ukraine. Accordingly, Ukraine has a predominantly positive trend towards the SD relative to the environmental component. This trend is partly supported by predominant decrease in specific CO2 emissions per unit of output in the economy. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the concentration of Ukraine's CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, despite the fact that the overall level of emissions has decreased. Therefore, overcoming the tendency of increase in the concentration of pollution requires a significant increase in the environmental effects of economic activities and the coordination of actions on the international level.

scholarly journals APLIKASI ERROR CORRECTION MECHANISM DALAM ANALISIS DAMPAK PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KONSUMSI ENERGI DAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP EMISI CO2 DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Fitri Kartiasih ◽  
Adi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Error Correction Mechanism

Economic development is an effort to improve people's lives. However, economic development has negative externalities. Emissions generated from economic activities can pollute the environment. This study purpose to determine the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions based on the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and analyze the influence of energy use, economic growth and international trade on CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the period 1977-2014 using Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) analysis. The results showed that the EKC hypothesis does not apply in Indonesia, meaning that economic development carried out during the research period still pursues increased income without regard to environmental quality so that increased per capita income is accompanied by increase in CO2 emissions. Based on econometric analysis of ECM, it shows that the variables of energy use, economic growth and international trade have a statistically significant effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the long run. In the short term, economic growth, and error correction terms have a statistically significant effect while the variables of energy consumption and international trade do not have a statistical effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The role of services in the environmental Kuznets curve

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
Manuel Cantavella
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This paper examines the influence of services activity in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The analysis is applied for Spain during the period 1940-2014. It compares the standard environmental Kuznets curve model and its modification by isolating the evolution of services effect. The results through the autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) estimation strategy confirm that even though all economic activities tend to be more and more sustainable, it is the evolution of services sector that becomes fundamental in the reduction of per capita CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Energy, Emissions and the Economy: Empirical Analysis from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4II) ◽  
pp. 383-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Sadaf Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Energy Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

It is now an established fact that the most important environmental problem of our era is global warming.1 The rising quantity of worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions seems to be escalating this problem. As the emissions generally result from consumption of fossil fuels, decreasing energy spending seems to be the direct way of handling the emissions problem. However, because of the possible negative impacts on economic growth, cutting the energy utilisation is likely to be the “less preferred road”. Moreover, if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis applies to the emissions and income link, economic growth by itself may become a solution to the problem of environmental degradation [Rothman and de Bruyn (1998)]. Coondoo and Dinda (2002), however, argue that both developing and developed economies must sacrifice economic growth. Still, countries may opt for different policies to fight global environmental problems, mainly depending on the type of relationship between CO2 emissions, income, and energy consumption over the long run [Soytas and Sari (2006)]. Hence, the emissions-energy-income nexus needs to be studied carefully and in detail for every economy, but more so for the developing countries. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and the economy in Pakistan from a long run perspective, in a multivariate framework controlling for gross fixed capital, labour and exports by employing ARDL bounds testing approach.

scholarly journals Pembangunan Ekonomi, Industrialisasi, dan Degradasi Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia Tahun 1967-2013: Enviromental Kuznet Curve Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Error Correction Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak pembangunan ekonomi dan proses industrialisasi terhadap Degradasi lingkungan di Indonesia baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Untuk melihat pengaruh pembangunan ekonomi dan industrialisasi terhadap penurunan kualitas lingkungan di Indonesia, penelitian ini menggunakan model Enviromental Kuznet Curve (EKC) dan dengan model Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa dalam jangka panjang peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan industrilasasi berpengaruh positif  secara linier terhadap peningkatan emisi C02 dan pada tingkat pendapatan tertentu terjadi proses perbaikan lingkungan yang ditandai dengan penurunan emisi CO2. Namun dalam jangka pendek hanya industrialisasi yeng membrikan pengaruh pada peningkatan emisi CO2. Diharapkan adanya konsesus bersama antara pemerintah dan pelaku usaha (industri) dalam mengurangi dampak pencemaran serta adanya peningkatan kesadaran masyakat dalam membantu mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan hidup.   Abstract This study aims to identify the impact of economic development and industrialization to  the environmental degradation in Indonesia, both in the long term and short term. To see the effect of economic development and industrialization to the environmental degradation in Indonesia, this research was  used Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model and the model of  Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The results of the study explain that in the long term, improvement of people's income and industrialization have positive effect linearly with the increase in C02 emissions and at a certain income level there is a process improvement environment characterized by a decrease in CO2 emissions. But in the short term only industrialization which influence on the increase of CO2 emissions Expected that the consensus between the government and businesses (industri) in reducing the impact of pollution and the increased awareness of society in helping to reduce environmental damage.    

scholarly journals Do Aging and Low Fertility Reduce Carbon Emissions in Korea? Evidence from IPAT Augmented EKC Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyeok Kim ◽  
Hyungwoo Lim ◽  
Ha-Hyun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Robustness Check

The purpose of this article is to empirically find the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between income and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and to analyze the influence of population aging on such emissions. We utilize Korean regional panel data of 16 provinces during the period from 1998 to 2016. To account for the nonstationary time series in the panel, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and estimate long-run elasticity. From the empirical results, we can find the nonlinear relationship between income and CO2 emissions. Additionally, we verify the fact that population aging reduces CO2 emissions. A 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly results in a 0.4% decrease in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the younger population increases CO2 emissions. These results were in line with those of additional analysis on residential and transportation CO2 emissions, for the robustness check.

scholarly journals The Underground Economy and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Underground Economy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Intensity ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
China’S Economy

China aims to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity by 40–45% compared to its level in 2005 by 2020. The underground economy accounts for a significant proportion of China’s economy, but is not included in official statistics. Therefore, the nexus of CO2 and the underground economy in China is worthy of exploration. To this end, this paper identifies the extent to which the underground economy affects CO2 emissions through the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2016. Many studies have focused on the quantification of the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic development. However, the insights provided by those studies have generally ignored the underground economy. With full consideration of the scale of the underground economy, this research concludes that similar to previous studies, the inversely N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) still holds for the income-CO2 nexus in China. Furthermore, a threshold regression analysis shows that the structural and technological effects are environment-beneficial and drive the EKC downward by their threshold effects. The empirical techniques in this paper can also be applied for similar research on other emerging economies that are confronted with the difficulties of achieving sustainable development.

scholarly journals An Overview of Environmental Policies for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change and Application of Multilevel Regression Analysis to Investigate the CO2 Emissions over the Years of 1970 to 2018 in All Brazilian States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9175
Author(s):  
Anny Key de Souza Mendonça ◽  
Silvio Aparecido da Silva ◽  
Luísa Zeredo Pereira ◽  
Antonio Cezar Bornia ◽  
Dalton Francisco de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Stabilized Methods ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Background: Brazil, one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting countries in the world, emitted approximately 2 billion gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2018. This data is practically the same recorded in the previous year, suggesting that the country’s trajectory of CO2 emissions is stabilized. Methods: This study presents an overview of environmental protection and climate change mitigation policies adopted in Brazil, as well as makes use the multilevel regression modeling technique to investigate the relationship between economic activities variables in relation to CO2 emissions over the years of 1970 to 2018 in all Brazilian states. Results: The results show that the CO2 emissions in the states have the same behavior as the timeline of the change in land use. Conclusions: The public policies and actions by society and the private sector were fundamental to the reduction verified from the year of 2004 that followed until 2010, both in CO2 emissions and in the change in land use and forests. As of this year, there has been a trend towards stability in CO2 emissions. Another important characteristic is that even with a drop in the number of deforestation, the production variables continued to grow, which shows that there may be an increase in production activities, while there is a reduction in deforestation and in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve and the Pollution-Halo/Haven Hypotheses: An Investigation in Brazilian Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4114
Author(s):  
Eduardo Polloni-Silva ◽  
Diogo Ferraz ◽  
Flávia de Castro Camioto ◽  
Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento Rebelatto ◽  
Herick Fernando Moralles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Unique Dataset

There is much discussion on the non-linear relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Additionally, the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the environment are ambiguous, as both beneficial (i.e., pollution-halo) and harmful (i.e., pollution-haven) effects were found. Therefore, the literature presents no consensus on either of these topics. This is especially problematic for developing regions, as these regions represent growing economies interested in receiving foreign investments, and their CO2-related research is limited. This study aims to understand the impacts of economic growth and FDI on the CO2 emissions of São Paulo state, Brazil. To perform this study, a unique dataset on regional FDI was built, and 592 municipalities were included. The analyses combine linear and non-linear estimations, and the results suggest a non-linear relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and CO2 emissions, along with a negative association between FDI and CO2. Finally, this study discusses possible policy implications and contributes to the international literature.

scholarly journals Is there an environmental Kuznets inverted-U shaped curve?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Kiliç ◽  
Feyza Balan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Cubic Polynomial ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This study examines the relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, income, energy consumption, trade openness, financial development and institutional quality based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in 151 countries for the period 1996-2010, using the pooled ordinary least squares methods. The results support cubic specification of the EKC hypothesis, which assumes a cubic polynomial inverted-U shaped relationship between income and environmental degradation. Other empirical results indicate that energy consumption, trade openness, financial development and institutional quality are significant variables in explaining CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Economy and Pollution by CO2 Emissions - Kuznets Environmental Curve in Asia Pacific Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ortiz-Paniagua ◽  
Mario Nuno Mata ◽  
Mario Gómes ◽  
José Moleiro Martins ◽  
Juan González-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The economies of the Asia Pacific region (APEC) are among the most dynamic, with the highest levels of commercial activity and environmental degradation in the world. One way to study trends in the relationship between the economy and pollution is the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This perspective assumed that in the long-term, higher levels of wealth would be achieve lower pollution levels. The aim was analyze whether the EKC behavior occurs for the APEC economies. The method used was an econometric model for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP. The results showed stationary unit root in first differences, this suggest the presence of EKC behavior was explained with a high probability level that the GDP coefficient would reach an inflection point to become negative and significant.

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