Tourism Supply Efficiency: An Analysis of Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region

The objective of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the tourism supply and its efficiency of the tourism supply for countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The method uses the stochastic frontier with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) analyzed by Frontier software. 4.1. The data were collected from panel data from 2010 - 2019 for 23 countries. The results of the study revealed that 1) Tourism investment from the private sector and timing factors positively affect the tourism supply of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, while the tourism labor value factor has a negative effect on the tourism supply of countries in the region 2) For the technical performance measurement of tourism supply in each sub-region in the Asia-Pacific region, the average is between 0.387 and 0.657. East Asia shows the highest technical efficiency in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau and Mongolia while South Asia has the lowest technical efficiency in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives, respectively.

Innovation of Tourism Supply Chain Management: A New Agenda for Optimization. The Case of Kazakhstan

Despite the recognition of tourism as a priority sector, the development pace and indicators remain low. Innovation management methods are required that will positively affect the entire industry. The main article goal is to identify the problems of tourism sector development for the positive effects achievement and the system transition to a new, qualitative one, as well as identifying barriers and constraints. The problems raised by the authors in the article require comprehensive study and analysis. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of travel and tourism competitiveness index of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017 and 2019 years. The authors also analyzed the main indicators of the development of the tourism sector, financial and economic activities of tourism companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan, studied the tourism potential of Nur-Sultan city and Akmola region. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are given.

Consumer Brand Engagement and Brand Communications on Destination Brand Equity Maritine Tourism in Indonesia

This study aimed to understand the influence of consumer-brand engagement and brand communication on destination brand equity, survey to maritime tourism of Ujung Kulon and Anak Krakatau, Banten. The population chosen in this study is the Instagram followers of Ujung Kulon and Krakatau Banten.The total of the samples are 96 respondents chosen using purposive sampling. This study used inferential statistic tests, which were divided into two: The correlation Test and Linear Regression Test. This study used a correlational survey method Approach. This research used a quantitative approach and a positivist paradigm. The results showed that the use of Instagram is successful in creating destination brand equity because the entertainment and interaction dimension provided a strong effect on the loyalty dimension of the destination brand equity variable. People who are online and following the Instagram account became loyal because the pictures posted gave entertainment value, joy, and relaxation effect. The interaction between the followers and admin of the account of Maritime Tourism of Ujung Kulon and Anak Krakatau, Banten also added the entertainment value. This study provides new contributions regarding the promotion of maritime tourism destinations through theories about brand engagement, brand equity, and brand communication.

How Do Undergraduate Tourism Students Perceive the Service Quality in their Educational Institution? An Assessment Using the SERVQUAL Framework

Tourism education is an important component and contributor to the tourism industry's global success, particularly as technology and innovation become more prevalent in the hospitality and tourism sectors around the world. Several studies have been conducted on student perceptions of tourism education and the tourism industry's long-term viability in the current and future environment. The importance of a capable, competent, passionate, and dedicated workforce in the service industries in general, and the tourism industry in particular, cannot be overstated. Related studies have also suggested that in the service sector, workers' optimistic attitudes about their work are critical for customer loyalty and satisfaction. Service quality and customer service are leading principles in the business world. Assessing educational service quality is important for encouraging and providing feedback on the effectiveness of educational plans and their execution as higher education institutions compete for competitive advantages and high service quality. In a number of universities, as well as further afield, monitoring student satisfaction with education quality has become an important part of the educational process. This study shows how to use the SERVQUAL system to measure student satisfaction in a more effective way.It entails the use of the SERVQUAL methodology to query and survey five factors related to student services. The proposed instrument was tested on 400 undergraduate tourism students at a large regional university in Thailand. The approach's utility in collecting tourism students' impressions, evaluating them, and reducing them to a form usable by management as an off-the-shelf service quality evaluation tool is demonstrated by rigorous study.

A Cluster Analysis of Tourist Sites in the Regions of Kazakhstan

Natural and cultural sites is a basic elements of tourism development in all over the world. Kazakhstan has a significant number of objects of nature reserve fund and the historical and cultural heritage, which, along with the development of health-improving, ecological, ski tourism, also contribute to the development of ethnographic, gastronomic, cultural and educational and other types of tourism. The purpose of the study is to identify traits of the most attractive tourist destinations, as well as to study the degree of importance of natural, cultural and dual (natural and cultural) sites for target consumers. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the level of tourism development in 14 regions of Kazakhstan was carried out, using a two-step cluster analysis, the degree of significance of three types of sites for target consumers was determined. The findings of the analysis suggest that the Akmola, Almaty, East Kazakhstan and Karaganda regions are in the greatest demand among tourists. Along with this, natural sites are the most important determinants of tourism, cultural sites are the least important. Thus, tourists in Kazakhstan are more attracted by regions with a rich natural reserve fund than by historical and cultural heritage. In this regard, it is proposed to pay more attention to promoting the cultural sites of Kazakhstan. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that analyses 14 regions of Kazakhstan according to their basic tourism characteristics, identifies attractions that are underutilized, and proposes strategies to identify opportunities for the tourism industry in Kazakhstan. In this regard, its results can be very useful in justifying the feasibility of implementing the relevant regional initiatives and making a decision to reorient the efforts of interested government agencies to develop alternative types of tourism.

Hotel Services Quality for Tourists in Transit

This article aims to empirically validate a perception model of hotel service quality for short-stay tourists in transit by applying the SERVPERF model. Thus, 364 foreign tourists in transit in Guayaquil, Ecuador, whose final destination was the Galapagos Islands, were interviewed. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) multivariate technique was adopted to evaluate the scales' validity and reliability. The results confirm the SERVPERF model’s psychometric properties for the hotel services quality evaluation. The findings will contribute to hotel managers decision making.

Biodiversity of Birds in Urban Green Space for Support Ecotourism activities in Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Thailand

Bird watching is one of the attractive ecotourism activities for travelers and nature enthusiasts, which rapidly growing in Thailand. This study aims to: (1) explore bird diversity in various green spaces in ValayaAlongkorn Rajabhat University (VRU); and (2) examine which bird species dominates the study areas. Bird data were collected using point count techniques in two sessions; early morning, and late afternoon, at VRU from May 2020 to April 2021. Frequency of occurrence value (FQ) was analyzed for classifying status groups of birds in the VRU. Order Passeriformes was numerically the dominant order in our study area, with 22 species (47.7% of total represented species), while the other bird orders were the least dominant, represented by 1 to 5 species in range. A total of 47 species of birds belonging to 29 Families and 12 Orders were recorded. During this study, significantly, the highest bird richness was recorded in agriculture areas (35 ± 2.3 SD), followed by the species from recreation areas (27 ± 1.8 SD) and natural wetland (17 ± 1.7 SD) (P>0.05). Five migrant bird species and 35 resident species were observed, and 10 bird species were recorded in both the seasonal status as migrant and resident species. Most of the bird species are listed as of least concern, while only one species, Mycteria leucocephala, are listed as near-threatened. Nine bird species are classified as common species in the VRU with > 80 % of frequency of occurrence. The pattern of bird diversity in the VRU in general follows the natural condition of green area space in the VRU. Typical characteristics of birds, their habitat and appearing period can develop bird-watching objects, which become interesting attractions for travelers and nature enthusiasts, promoting ecotourism development and efforts to conserve bird diversity.

Measuring Revisit Intention of Domestic Tourists in Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark, Malaysia: A Road to Sustainable Tourism

Domestic tourism in Malaysia has contributed significantly to the country's economy and made a sustainable impact on the tourism industry. Langkawi is one of the most visited tourists' attractions in Malaysia which is well-known for island tourism and Geotourism. This study explores the relationship of tourists' motivation, destination brand engagement and domestic tourists' revisit intention in Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark, Malaysia. The study also examined the mediating role of destination brand management and destination trust between tourists motivation and revisit intention. This study used a quantitative approach to explore the relationships among dependent, independent and intervening variables. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 212 usable questionnaires returned and utilised for further analysis. For analysis purpose, the researchers decided to utilise SPSS version 25.0 for descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM version 3 for inferential analysis. The results found that tourists' motivation significantly influences destination brand engagement and destination trust for a direct relationship. Results also found that destination brand engagement and destination trust significantly affect tourists' revisit intention in Geopark Langkawi, Malaysia.

Performance of Tourism Competitiveness in National Park Area of Indonesia

Essentially tourism Indonesia has certain excellence natural attraction wealth, one of them is the largest tropical forest products after Brazil and having 54 national parks. This country also has a nature property and the diversity of culture, typical living culture and a bonus of demographic to participate in tourism. Nowadays, Indonesian government is setting a tourism sector as one of a priority program. Measuring the performance of the tourism sector is not only measured by the number of tourists visit but the impact of the tourism sector is also to be able to become income sources and income in the region. Therefore, we present an assessment regarding to a potential correlation and characteristics of the tourism competitiveness through a non-tax income receipts on the site of a national park, and local government revenue, and tourist arrival at districts with its national park in Indonesia. We employ method of clusters and canonical correlation analysis. As results, we formed 3 (three) clusters of areas that have a national park based on the characteristics of potential tourism competitiveness. From these clusters, the tourism competitiveness, the most superior factor is security purchasing power parity, price competitiveness, tourist service infrastructure, openness indicator, environment indicator, and social development indicator. We conclude finally that none of the competitiveness of tourism in the region has a strong correlation in the non-tax income on the site of a national park, and local government revenue, and tourist’s arrival in districts with its a national park in Indonesia.

Managing Organizational Communication in Tourism Industry. The Case of Kosovo

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the definition of the tourism industry and to examine the forms and importance of managing organizational communication in the tourism industry. Organizational communication deals with the interaction, coordination between individuals in a group, company, or organization. Effective communication results in problem-solving and decision-making at the organizational level. Communication skills regulate behavior and create motivation among people. Motivation is an important part and factor of behavior and should be part of a communication process. To successfully manage communication network and be effective, it must include training and guidance, and that the information is accurate in a timely manner in order to resolve and prevent potential conflicts. The tourism industry brings many economic benefits, jobs and raises the image of the country, and through tourism the country can be recognized and promoted by attracting foreign tourists. The tourism industry is the combination of all sectors related to tourism, a combination of hotels and facilities for accommodation, entertainment, business, and other purposes, so it interacts with many sectors of the economy.